Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The correct answer is Shashi Tharoor.

• In this explosive book, Author Shashi Tharoor reveals with acuity, impeccable research, and trademark wit, just how disastrous British rule was for India.

• An author, politician, and former international civil servant, Shashi Tharoor straddles several worlds of experience.
  • Currently, a third-term Lok Sabha MP representing the Thiruvananthapuram constituency and Chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Information Technology, he has previously served as Minister of State for Human Resource Development and Minister of State for External Affairs in the Government of India.
    • During his nearly three-decade long prior career at the United Nations, he served as a peacekeeper, refugee worker, and administrator at the highest levels, serving as Under-Secretary-General during Kofi Annan's leadership of the organization.
    • Dr Tharoor is also an award-winning author of works of both fiction as well as non-fiction, with his sixteenth book due for release in November 2016. 
•  He was born in London in 1956, Dr Tharoor was educated in India and the United States, completing a PhD in 1978 at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
  • While there, he received the Robert B. Stewart Prize for Best Student and also helped found and served as the first Editor of the Fletcher Forum of International Affairs, a journal now in its 39th year.
  • Dr Tharoor was also awarded an honorary D.Litt by the University of Puget Sound and a Doctorate Honoris Causa in History by the University of Bucharest. In 1998 the World Economic Forum in Davos named him a Global Leader of Tomorrow.
  • He is also a recipient of several awards that include a Commonwealth Writers Prize and the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman, India's highest honour for overseas nationals.
  • In 2012 the King of Spain awarded him the Encomienda de la Real Order Espanola de Carlos III.
  • Among numerous other awards are one for "New Age Politician of the Year" from NDTV, the Hakim Khan Sur Award for National Integration, and the Priyadarshini Award for Excellence in Diplomacy.

The correct answer is Ethiopia.

• Abiy Ahmed was born in Beshasha, Ethiopia. As a young man, Abiy Ahmed participated in the armed struggle against Mengistu’s communist regime in Ethiopia and later served in the Ethiopian military.
  • Abiy studied computer science, leadership and economics, graduating in 2017 with a doctorate in peace and conflict research at Addis Ababa University.
  • A long-time political activist, he was elected to the Ethiopian parliament in 2010.
  • He became prime minister of Ethiopia in 2018.

• Abiy Ahmed has also engaged in other peace and reconciliation processes in and around the Horn of Africa. 
  • In his own country, he granted an amnesty to political prisoners and abolished press censorship.
  • He also focused on empowering women. In a short time, the country’s president, Federal Supreme Court president and half of the ministers in his government were women, including the Minister of Peace.
• Democratisation poses serious challenges in a country with 100 million inhabitants and more than 80 different ethnic groups.
• In 2019, Ethiopia, a country with no tradition of free elections and democracy, was still racked by major internal conflicts.
  • At the time Abiy Ahmed received the Nobel Peace Prize, there was considerable suspense as to whether he would succeed in fulfilling his promise of free and fair elections in 2020. 

The correct answer is Abiy Ahmed.

• Abiy Ahmed won the Nobel Peace Prize for the year 2019.

• Abiy Ahmed Ali is 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
  • He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in ending the 20-year post-war territorial stalemate between Ethiopia and Eritrea.
  • Abiy was confirmed and sworn in by the Ethiopian parliament as Prime Minister of Ethiopia on 2nd April 2018.

• Ahmed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum is the Deputy Chairman of Dubai Police & Public Security, Group Chairman of A.R.M. holding and Dubai Real Estate Centre and Chairman of the Al Wasl FC club located in Dubai.
• Rashid Mohammed was the oldest son of United Arab Emirates vice president, prime minister and ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.
  • Sheikh Rashid bin Mohammed died of a heart attack at the age of 33 on 18th September 2015.

Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multi-layered, and contain many types of flora and fauna. These forests are located in areas with heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm of annual rainfall). They are very dense. Even sunlight cannot reach the ground.

(d) ranging rod

There are only three functioning jute mills in Bihar - one at Muktapur in Samastipur district, the second at Purnea and the third one in Katihar.

Most of the jute mills of India are concentrated in the Hugli basin in West Bengal. It is a 98 km long and 3 km wide belt along the Hugli river.

Following are the main reasons for this. 

(a) Proximity to the jute producing areas of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin. West Bengal is the leading producer of raw jute in the country and provides the mills with the required raw material. 

(b) Abundant water for the processing of raw jute.

(c) Cheap water transport, supported by a good network of railways and roadways, facilitates the movement of raw materials to the mills. 

(d) Cheap labour from West Bengal and the adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. 

(e) Banking and insurance facilities available in the city of Kolkata. 

(f) Port facilities in Kolkata for the export of jute goods. 

Following are the challenges faced by the jute industry in India. 

(a) Stiff competition from synthetic substitutes in the international market. 

(b) Competition from other jute goods producing countries like Bangladesh, Philippines, Thailand, Egypt and Brazil. 

(c) Decrease in demand for packing materials, jute carpets and high cost of production. 

(d) Old and inefficient machinery. 

The government has taken several measures to boost the production of jute goods in order to face the competition from synthetic fibres and from other countries producing jute. In 2005, the National Jute Policy has been formulated with the objective of expanding quality production and increase in use of jute. The policy of the mandatory use of jute packaging has resulted in the increase of internal demand of jute in recent years.

Sugarcane, cotton, jute, rubber, oil seeds

Karnataka is the state leading in the production of coffee in India.

Mumbai is the most important cotton textile centre in India.

• Easy availability of abundant raw materials from neighbouring regions. 
• Cheap availability of power. 
• Availability of freshwater. 
• Export and import facilities of Mumbai port. 
• Availability Of human resources. 

• Availability of abundant raw materials 
• Humid climate
• Availability of electricity at cheaper rate
• Availability of freshwater 
• Nearness to harbor

(a) Minerals have great importance in the national economy. The following facts will make it clear.

• The industrial development of the country depends mainly on minerals. Iron and coal are the basis of the machine age. We have one-fourth of the world’s iron ore deposits. There are also huge reserves of coal in India.
• State governments get income from mining operations and provide employment to millions of people.
• Coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. are important sources of mineral energy.
• Equipment made from minerals helps in the growth of agriculture.

(a) After the green revolution, the area of pulses production decreased from 9.3 lakh hectares to 9.5 thousand hectare.

(b) The production of pulses has decreased in the last decades. The main reasons for this are as follows :

1. The area with pulses has been subjected to crops like wheat and rice, which produce more after the Green Revolution.
2. Some areas have been subjected to canals, roads, and other development projects due to development work.
3. The growing area of pulses has also declined due to increasing land demand for housing of the growing population.

Three merits of roadways are as follows: (a) Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines, (b) Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, (c) Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas.

1. It is an alternate means of water supply to ground water and corporation. 

2. The construction and farming would be possible in areas with no water supply. 

3. High quality of water: clean, pure without chemicals. 

4. Zero expenditure on water supply. 

5. Soil erosion and flood will be less.

Border roads play significant role in connecting the inaccessible areas along the border to the rest of the country. Border roads also have strategic importance because they provide a channel to carry soldier and artilleries in case of a threat on the border.

Oral Rehydration Solution.

The diet, which provide all the necessary elements for the nutrition of body is called balanced diet.

Air drying: 

Air drying flowers is one of the easiest methods of preservation and gives plants a crisp look that lasts for years. Air drying flowers make a fabulous decoration by themselves, but when they are dry, they make more beautiful and exotic flower arrangements. This is commonly referred to as the “hang and dry” method. It is the oldest and easiest drying technique. No special equipment is needed. The stems of flowers and their foliage are tied and hung upside down. The rooms should be warm, dark and dry with good air circulation. The flowers are hanged upside down so that the stem remains straight. If they are hanged with right side up, they would bend over and the result will be dried flowers with distorted stems. 

Water drying: 

In water drying the leaves are stripped off and the flower stems placed in five centimeters of water, then; placed in a warm place, out of direct sunlight. The water is absorbed and evaporates as the flower dries. The best way to dry hydrangea flowers is by water drying. 

Press drying: 

One of the most popular methods for drying flowers is to put them under pressure, to remove the moisture out while leaving the colour of the flowers and structure intact. There are several ways to apply pressure to flowers. The easiest method is placing them in heavy books and allow for drying. Flower presses can also be used. Unglazed paper, such as newsprint, is best for pressing. Pressed flowers are especially suitable for flower pictures, as well as decoration on note paper, place cards and many other items. 

Drying by embedding in desiccants: 

A desiccant is simply a substance with a high affinity for water which can be used as a drying agent. Embedding the flowers in a granular, desiccating material is probably the most commonly used method and many consider it the best all around method. Several materials are used as drying agents. Most well known is silica gel and borax but clean dry sand can also be used. Usually an airtight container is used; the flower heads are placed in the drying mixture face up, and very carefully covered with the mixture. The container must be kept closed during the drying process. After 4-14 days, depending on the thickness of the flower, the flower will be dry. 

Glycerin drying: 

In this method moisture in a flower or foliage is replaced with glycerin and water. The flower is preserved and not dried. Dried materials (whole bunches or single leaves) retain their natural shape and flexibility. They last indefinitely and can be dusted or even wiped with a damp cloth without risk owing to the leathery texture of leaves. 

Microwave oven Drying: 

Microwave drying is quick and relatively simple. It takes only a few minutes and provides dried flowers that look fresher and more colourful than obtained by other methods. Flowers with thick petals like magnolia are not suitable for drying in microwave. Since flowers vary in moisture content, texture and density, care should be taken to use the same sized flowers from one species at a time. It has been found that many flowers held almost true to life colour and form using this process. Brightly coloured flowers are best to dry. Flowers such as lilies, roses, violets, zinnias, and dahlias work well with this process. 

Freeze drying: 

Freeze drying (technically known as “lyophilization”) is the process of lowering the temperature of an object and then using a vacuum to extract all the moisture from the item. It is a state-of-the-art technique and the most effective method for flower preservation today. It is an innovative vacuum process that takes approximately four weeks depending on the flower. Freeze dried flowers go through a process in which water is removed as vapour directly from ice, without passing through the liquid state. This process is called sublimation, and requires reduced pressure to occur. All other drying methods use evaporation. In other words, water is removed as vapour from liquid water with heated air. The freeze drying machine drops the temperature to a -20 degrees F then it slowly returns the freeze dried flowers to room temperature over a four week period. This slow preservation process allows the freeze dried flowers to retain their original form, while the colors become enriched

Answer is (a) 31.16 %

The Rural areas

(c) Place of Origin as well as Place of Residence

LCC stands for Low-Cost Carrier.

Aircraft capable of crossing the oceans and linking together the continents are known as Long range aircrafts.

‘Lorry’ is the term used for Truck.

Correct option: (b) Company Secretary

Correct option: (a) Time

Correct option: (b) date stamped

Articles and different pictures published in the newspapers, documents, ornaments, toys, coins, stamps, seals, inscriptions. Bhojapatras, Tadpatras, copper plates, weapons, old monuments, old temples, idols, utensils of Terracota, tools, jewellery, old buildings, forts, ponds, stepwells, etc. are the main sources of history.

Mumbai is the largest port of India.

The correct answer is Simplex Communication.

• Simplex Communication
  • Simplex communication is a communication channel that sends information in one direction only.
  • Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit, the other can only receive.
  • It can use the entire capacity of the channel to send data in one direction.
  • Examples of simplex include radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, computer to printer communication, and keyboard to computer connections.

•  Half-duplex Communication
  • The direction can be reversed, i.e., the station can transmit and receive the data as well.
  • Messages flow in both directions, but not at the same time.
  • The entire bandwidth of the communication channel is utilized in one direction at a time.
  • Example- Walkie-talkie
• Full-duplex Communication
  • The communication is bi-directional, i.e., the data flow in both directions.
  • Both the stations can send and receive the message simultaneously.
  • It is the fastest mode of communication between devices.
  • Example- Telephone network

Indian Railway has been divided by 17 zones.

NO₂ gas is also known as ‘Laughing Gas’.

Increasing amount of CO₂ gas in the atmosphere results Rise in global temperature. 

Rural to urban is the main stream of internal migration in India.

Transport is the means of carrying Goods Passengers from one place to other by Human. Animals and different kinds of vehicles.

The practice of flowers cultivation is known as Sericulture. 

The correct answer is Bhopal.

• A river is a large, natural stream of flowing water.
• Rivers are found on every continent and nearly every kind of land.
• Rivers have always been important to people.
• In prehistoric times, people settled along the banks of rivers, where they found fish to eat and water for drinking, cooking, and bathing. 
• Later, people learned that the fertile soil along rivers is good for growing crops.
• When towns and industries developed, the rushing water of rivers supplied power to operate machinery.
• Hundreds of factories operated mills powered by rivers.
• The Ganges is the greatest river on Asia's Indian subcontinent. 
• The city of Agra is located on the bank of the river Yamuna.
• The city mainly consists of a level plain with hills on the extreme southwest.
• Agra is famous for its monuments such as the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri, and Agra Fort which are also World UNESCO Heritage Sites.
• Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganges River in Eastern India.
• The total area of Patna is 136 km2 (53 sq mi)
• The city of Kolkata in West Bengal is situated on the banks of the river Hoogli which is a principal branch of the river Ganga.
• Bhopal is not located on any bank of the river. Hence, Option 3 is correct.

• Indian Cities /Towns situated on the Banks of River

Bhopal is not situated on the bank of a river.

Human development index.

Paradeep ports of India is located on the coast of Orissa.

The temperate grassland of South America is called Pampas.

(a) high birth rate low death rate 

Friedrich Ratzel.