Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(a) Drinking water in some parts of India has contaminants like Arsenic, Fluoride other than many other contaminants. The sources of Arsenic are run off from orchards. The sources of fluoride are erosion of natural deposits, discharge from fertilizers and aluminum factories.

(c) DNA molecules inside cells. 

(c) equity principle. 

Carrying capacity refers to the number of individuals who can be supported in a given area within natural resource limits, and without degrading the natural social, cultural and economic environment for present and future generations. The carrying capacity for any given area is not fixed. It can be altered by improved technology, but mostly it is changed for the worse by pressures which accompany a population increase. As the environment is degraded, carrying capacity actually shrinks, leaving the environment no longer able to support even the number of people who could formerly have lived in the area on a sustainable basis. No population can live beyond the environment's carrying capacity for very long.

(a) Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals. Andaman & Nicobar,Gulf of Kachchh and Gulf of Mannar have coral reefs. However Sunderbans do not have coral reef.

Living organisms are not composed of special substances but of relatively few elements found on the earth. In addition to water molecules, organisms are composed of organic compounds containing carbon. Organic compounds were considered as compounds that do not exist in nature and that can only be produced by organisms. Although many types of organic compounds are available in nature, organisms are primarily composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Thus, organisms appear simple at the material level; however, an organism cannot be created by simply mixing the above mentioned components together. In this chapter, we examine the organic compounds that comprise living organisms, while in the next, we will explore how these organic compounds comprise structures and confer functions to organisms through the formation of systems.

Under one of the main categories of ‘Green Radicalism’, there is another sub-category, where the discourse of Green Politics lies in. In green politics, it centres around the desire to make political change of the social structures, while also making people have a change in their consciousness. In green politics, as the name might suggest, it focuses more on the political aspects of creating change. Green politics would then be a political ideology of sorts that is aimed at creating a sustainable society that is based on the ideas of environmentalism, social justice, where environmentalism should not be at the expense of the poor and grassroots democracy.

(c) Global climate change threatens coral reef by increasing the temperature and decreasing the ph level of the ocean. Much of the carbon dioxide that enters the atmosphere dissolves into the ocean. In fact, the oceans have absorbed about 1/3 of the carbon dioxide produced from human activities since 1800 and about 1/2 of the carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels (Sabine et al. 2004). As carbon dioxide in the ocean increases, ocean pH decreases or becomes more acidic.

(a) The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a fund within the framework of the UNFCCC founded as a mechanism to redistribute money from the developed to the developing world, in order to assist the developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. The Fund is governed by the GCF Board. The assets of the GCF will be administered by a trustee only for the purpose of, and in accordance with, the relevant decisions of the GCF Board. The World Bank was invited by the COP to serve as the interim trustee of the GCF, subject to a review three years after operation of the Fund.

Phylogenetic classifications are natural classifications that try to identify the evolutionary history of natural groups. When botanists accepted Darwin's theory of evolution near the end of the last century, the reasons why some groups of plants looked alike became clear: They were related to one another by a common ancestry. The mission of taxonomy since Darwin has become a quest for evolutionary relationships, not just at the lower levels of the hierarchy, but at the upper levels as well.

There are five guiding principles to be followed while preparing the development plan:

a. The number of works in the shelf of projects in a village should be much more than the estimated demand. 

b. The plot numbers of the sites where works are to be executed should be mentioned, so that each work has a unique location code. 

c. Outcomes expected from the works should be stated in terms of :

i. Estimated benefits in terms of employment generated measurable in persondays

ii. Physical improvement envisaged measurable in specific units 

iii. Benefits to the community

d. List of approved works with technical estimates should be displayed in the gram panchayat in simple local language 

e. Pre-Mid-Post Project condition of works to be recorded with photographs 

f. Each work taken up with unique number (irrespective of the implementing agency) has to be recorded in the works register to be maintained at GP to enable verification and prevent duplication

correct option is  c. i and ii

correct option is  a. Spacious

Correct option is C) am fond of

correct option is  c. i and iii

Correct option is A) use to

Four benefits and drawbacks of convenience food: 

Answer is a. i and ii

Correct option is B) goofy

Correct option: d. Cashew nut paste

Correct option: c. Dal Peetha

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom

The taxonomic unit ‘Phylum’ in the classification of animals is equivalent to Division hierarchical level in classification of plants

Homosapiens, Hominidae, Primata, Mammalia, Chordata.

(2) Adenylic acid, Cytidilic acid, Guanylic acid

(1) Goblet cells

Functions or advantages of manure: 

i. Manure helps in enriching the soil with nutrients and organic matter and increasing soil fertility. 

ii. The bulk of organic matter in manure helps in improving the soil structure. This involves increasing the water holding capacity in sandy soil. 

iii. Manures contain substances which act as stimulants for seed germination and plant growth. 

Manures make the clayey soil aerated because of their small pores and increase the water holding capacity of the sandy soil due to their large pore size.

∵ Reaction follow first order kinetics,

∴ t = 1/k ln (N₀/N_t)  ...(1)

Where,

t = time

k = first order rate constant

N₀ = initial concentration

N_t = after time 't', concentration.

After completing first order kinetic reaction —

N_t = 0

∴ from  equation (1)

t = 1/k ln (N₀/0)

= 1/k ln (∞) N₀/0 → ∞

= 1/k x ∞  ln (∞) → ∞

t = ∞

It mean, first order reaction never completed. Its life will be infinite years.

40,000 nucleotides would be present in it.

The leaves of C4 plants have a special anatomy called Kranz anatomy. This makes them different from C3 plants. Special cells, known as bundle-sheath cells, surround the vascular bundles. These cells have a large number of chloroplasts. They are thick-walled and have no intercellular spaces. They are also impervious to gaseous exchange. All these anatomical features help prevent photorespiration in C4 plants, thereby increasing their ability to photosynthesise.

Although we can't always see them, microorganisms are present in almost all environments. Many can be grown in the laboratory on plates containing a solid, nutrient-rich medium (agar plates). After several days, a single bacterial cell grows into a population of bacterial cells that is visible to the naked eye.

Chlorophyll-a molecules act as antenna molecules. They get excited by absorbing light and emit electrons during cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylations. They form the reaction centres for both photosystems I and II. Chlorophyll-b and other photosynthetic pigments such as carotenoids and xanthophylls act as accessory pigments. Their role is to absorb energy and transfer it to chlorophyll-a. Carotenoids and xanthophylls also protect the chlorophyll molecule from photo-oxidation.
Therefore, chlorophyll-a is essential for photosynthesis.
If any plant were to lack chlorophyll-a and contain a high concentration of chlorophyll-b, then this plant would not undergo photosynthesis.

1. K₍₅₎ C_1+2+(2) A_{(9) 1}G1 

2. Fabaceae

1. Solanaceae 

2. Androecium – Five stamens epipetalous

Gynoecium – bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary.

1. Fabaceae 

2. dye – Indigofera, fodder yielding – sesbania and Trifolium

1. Racemose: The axis or peduncle shows indefinite growth. Flowers are arranged in acropetal succession. 

Cymose: the axis or peduncle shows definite growth or ends in a flower. Flowers are arranged in basipetal succession. 

2. Fibrous: The primary root stops its growth and lateral roots arise from the base of the stem. 

Adventitious: The roots arise from the part of the plant other than the radicle.

3. Apocarpous: When the carpels of ovary are free. 

Syncarpous: When the carpels of ovary are fused.

zygomorphic bisexual pentamerous gamosepalous papilionaceous corolla diadelphous – Androecium. Gynoecium – superior.

1. Breathing 

2. Hydathode

1. Thom 

2. Epigynous

1. A – Taproot B – Adventitious root 

2. A – Storage B – Respiration