Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Major steps that were taken towards decentralisation in 1992 were:

• It was made obligatory to hold elections for choosing members of local governmental institutions

• Seats were reserved for people belonging to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and other backward classes in local bodies.

• One-third of the seats are reserved for women.

• State Election Commission was constituted in the states for holding elections in government bodies.

• It was made mandatory for the State Governments to share powers and revenues with local bodies.

 A systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns is Table 

Correct option is (d) One-way

(b) Tabulation 

(b) Tabulation 

In binomial system of nomenclature, the generic name of a species always starts with a capital letter whereas the specific name starts with a small letter. Therefore, the correct scientific name of Mango is Mangifera indica.

(a) Frequency distribution 

(d) Discrete distribution

(a) Frequency distribution

Correct option is (d) ∑f

Correct option is (c) ∑f 

Correct option is C) generator

(c) Inclusive classification

(a) Exclusive classification 

(b) Exclusive classification 

(a) Less than cumulative frequency distribution 

(b) Bivariate frequency distribution 

Height of the pea plant was considered as the trait in this experiment.

a) Crossing over and mutations. 

b) When a part of a particular DNA become the part of another DNA, the sequencing of nucleotides in the DNA become differs and hence variation may occur in the offsprings. 

c) Mutation may occur due to chemicals and radiations.

During fertilization alleles from the chromosomes of gametes segregate and causes change in the allele combination. This change causes variations in the offsprings. So offsprings of the same parents also show differences.

Mutation is a sudden heritable change in the genetic constitution of an organism.

(c) More than cumulative frequency distribution 

Mutation is a sudden heritable change occur in the genetic material (chromosomes)

(chromosomes)

Reasons: – Radiations, chemicals, changes in the replication of DNA.

Correct option: c. Allele

Correct option: b. Gregor Johann Mendel

Correct Answer is : (a) 3

Coconut : Budrot Fungus.

 www.nta.ac.in is the official website of NTA.

A. False Albumin, which is manufactured in the liver tends to fall relative to globulin in plasma. 

B. True Due to loss of the liver’s ability to conjugate oestrogens and progestogens. 

C. True The liver normally conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid. 

D. True Due to reduced synthesis of clotting factors such as prothrombin by the liver. 

E. True Due to the liver’s reduced ability to store and mobilize glycogen.

d) All of the above

A. True When blood glucose falls, liver glycogen is broken down to form glucose; when glucose levels rise above normal, glucose is taken up by the liver and stored as liver glycogen. 

B. False The NH₄⁺  is converted into urea and excreted in the urine; NH₄⁺  is toxic. 

C. False Cholecalciferol in produced in skin by the action of sunlight; the liver converts it to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and the kidney completes its activation by further hydroxylation. 

D. False They manufacture most of the plasma proteins but lymphocytes manufacture immune globulins. 

E. True The failure to inactivate oestrogens in men with liver failure can lead to breast enlargement.

A. True Being proteins, enzymes are digested by proteolytic enzymes as they pass down the gut. 

B. False It is absorbed mainly in the terminal ileum. 

C. True Water is absorbed passively down the osmotic gradient set up by active sodium and glucose absorption. 

D. False It occurs mainly in the duodenum. 

E. True Sodium is required at the luminal surface for glucose to be absorbed by an active carrier-mediated process.

A. True This is complete when the bowel below the block is empty. 

B. True Intermittent colic is typical of early obstruction. 

C. True This may be severe when the obstruction is in the lower gut. 

D. True Due to hypovolaemia as secretions accumulate in the lumen of the intestines above the obstruction. 

E. False Vomiting is worse with high obstruction since the copious upper alimentary secretions cannot be absorbed from the intestines below the obstruction where most absorption normally takes place. 

A. True Due to loss of gastric acid which reduces ferric to the ferrous iron, the form in which it is absorbed. Another problem affecting iron absorption is rapid intestinal transit. 

B. False The size increases to cause ‘goitre’ due to increased TSH stimulation. 

C. True The unabsorbed disaccharides such as lactose cause osmotic diarrhoea. 

D. False Calcium is absorbed mainly in the duodenum. 

E. True The terminal ileum is the main site of bile salt absorption.

Potassium, silicon and calcium belong to third period. For elements of same period size decreases while going from left to right in a period due to increase in Z-effective. Increase in Z-effective results in contraction of size. While going down the group, size of element increases due to addition of a shell. Thus, size of potassium is greater than that of sodium. So, potassium has the largest radius.

A. Option 2 Distension of the viscus wall. For this reflex, the distension of the stomach wall following ingestion of a meal is thought to stimulate colonic motility that results in defaecation. 

B. Option 2 Distension of the viscus wall. When food is ingested, the smooth muscle in the stomach wall relaxes so that the added bulk can be accommodated without much increase in intragastric pressure. 

C. Option 2 Distension of the viscus wall. When a bolus of food distends a hollow viscus it sets up a wave of contraction preceded by a wave of relaxation that carries the bolus along the viscus. Though peristalsis can be modified by autonomic nerves, the mechanism is based on local nerve networks in the wall of the viscus. 

D. Option 4 Release of gastrin. Gastrin secreted in response to a meal increases tone in the cardiac sphincter and so prevents regurgitation of gastric contents into the oesophagus during stomach contractions. 

E. Option 5 Release of CCK-PZ. CCK-PZ released from the bowel wall when fat enters the duodenum causes the gall bladder to contract to empty its contents into the second part of the duodenum. It also inhibits gastric emptying.

A. Option 5 Intestinal secretion. Intestinal juice contains the enzymes maltase, lactase and sucrase that split maltose, lactose and sucrose respectively. 

B. Option 3 Pancreatic secretion. Pancreatic lipase splits neutral fat into glycerol and fatty acids. 

C. Option 2 Gastric secretion. Gastric juice contains the intrinsic factor needed for the absorption of Vitamin B₁₂. 

D. Option 4 Bile. Bile salts help to emulsify fat so that the fat droplets offer a large surface area to the action of lipases. 

E. Option 3 Pancreatic secretion. Nucleic acids are split by pancreatic nucleases in the small intestine.

A. Option 2 Upper small intestine. About four fifths of intestinal water is absorbed by the osmotic gradient created by glucose and sodium absorption in the small intestine, the remaining fifth is absorbed in the colon. 

B. Option 2 Upper small intestine. Most sodium is absorbed by active transport in the upper small intestine but some is also absorbed in the lower small intestine and in the colon. 

C. Option 2 Upper small intestine. Iron is absorbed in the ferrous state using an intracellular iron carrier mainly in the upper small intestine but some is also absorbed in the lower small intestine. 

D. Option 3 Lower small intestine. Vitamin B₁₂ is absorbed complexed with intrinsic factor in the terminal ileum. 

E. Option 3 Lower small intestine. Like Vitamin B₁₂, bile salts are reabsorbed in the lower small intestine to be returned to the liver as part of the enterohepatic circulation. 

A. True The high-pressure zone indicates the ‘cardiac sphincter’. 

B. True It prevents reflux of acid into the oesophagus. 

C. False It is decreased and heartburn is common in pregnancy. 

D. True This prevents reflux during gastric contractions. 

E. False These reduce tone, suggesting that cholinergic nerves have a role in maintaining normal tone.

A. Option 4. Secrete serotonin. Certain duodenal cells called enterochromaffin cells contain serotonin and the polypeptide ‘motilin’ that are thought to influence smooth muscle motility in the gut. 

B. Option 2 Secrete alkaline mucus. Brunner’s glands in the duodenum secrete a thick alkaline mucus that protects the duodenal mucosa against acid when gastric juice enters the duodenum. 

C. Option 1 Fat transport. Micelles are complexes of lipids and bile salts. The complexes are water-soluble and this aids their take up by the enterocytes lining the intestinal mucosa. 

D. Option 5 Ingest bacteria. Kupffer cells are macrophages in the capillary sinusoids of the liver; when they are deficient due to liver disease there is increased risk of organisms passing from the gut to the systemic circulation via the portal circulation. 

E. Option 3 Activates enzymes in pancreatic secretion. Trypsinogen is a proenzyme secreted by the pancreas that is activated in the lumen of the small intestine by the enzyme enterokinase secreted by the intestinal mucosa.

(1)  Violet precipitate

Kinetic theory of gases is a theoretical model that describes the molecular composition of the gas in terms of a large number of submicroscopic particles which include atoms and molecules. Further, the theory explains that gas pressure arises due to particles colliding with each other and the walls of the container. 

A. False Forced expiratory efforts by skeletal muscles in the presence of a closed glottis and pylorus are responsible for compressing the stomach. 

B. False It is coordinated by a vomiting centre in the medulla oblongata. 

C. True Bile pigments enter the gut in the duodenum. 

D. True This is one of several types of associated autonomic disturbance. 

E. False It is more marked in high obstruction because the copious digestive secretion cannot be absorbed by the gut below the obstruction.

On boiling Benedict’s solution is not reduced by Sucrose.

(3) Digestion of disaccharides

There are bisexual flowering plants and unisexual flowering plants. They are separate from bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers.

Bisexual flowers:  Lily, Rose, Sunflower, Tulip, Daffodil, Mustard, Brinjal, Hibiscus, Tomato, Long bean, Chile, Country bean, mango.

Unisexual flowers:  Coconut flowers, Papaya, Watermelon, Cucumber, Maize, White mulberry, Muskmelon, Castor bean, Marrow, Luffa, Snake gourd, Bitter gourd, Tapioca, Pumpkin, American holly, Birch, Pine, Gopher purge, Tung oil bean. 

Bisexual flowers:  Lily, Rose, Sunflower, Tulip, Daffodil, Mustard, Brinjal, Hibiscus, Tomato, Long bean, Chille, Country bean, mango.
Unisexual flowers:  Coconut flowers, Papaya, Watermelon, Cucumber, Maize, White mulberry, Musk melon,Castor bean, Marrow, Luffa, Snake gourd, Bitter gourd, Tapioca, Pumpkin, American holly, Birch, Pine, Gopher purge, Tungoil bean.