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Loading : When the customer purchases thematerial from the retailer, he has to load the purchased material into the transportation vehicle. 

Unloading: When the finished goods is received from factory or wholesale dealer the retailer mustreceive these goods in his store/showroom. For doing this job he has to unload thematerial from the transport device.

To deliver the goods to the customer in a short time. 

To deliver the goods at a least cost.

Types of transportation: 

(A) Land Transport: Transport of people and goods by land vehicles is known as Land transport. It is also called as‘Surface Transport’.

• Pack Animals: Animals like horse, mule, donkey, camel, elephant etc., are used for carrying small loads in backward areas, hilly tracks, forest regions and deserts.
• Bullock Carts: It constitutes the predominant form of rural road transport in India for goods traffic and to some extent for passengers’ traffic.
• Road Transport: It is one of the most promising and potent means suitable for short and medium distances.
• Motor lorries and Buses: From the dawn of civilization, people have been endeavoring to form roads and use wheeled vehicles to facilitate transport of men and materials.
• Tramways: Tramways were initially horse drawn, later stearm powered and now they are electrically operated.
• Railway Transport: The invention of steam engine by James Watt, revolutionized the mode of transport all over the world.
• Recent Trends in Transport: Metro Rail, Monorail, Bullet train, Pipeline Transport, Conveyor Transport, Ropeway transport and Hyper loop transport.

(B) Water Transport:

1. Inland Waterways: Inland Waterways comprise of rivers, canals and lakes. It is also known as internal water transport. 

2. Ocean or Sea Transport: Ocean transport has been playing a significant role in development of economic, social and cultural relations among countries of the world.

• Coastal shipping 
• Overseas shipping: 
• Liner
•  Tramps

(C) Air Transport: Air transport is the fastest and the costliest mode of transport. Commercial air transport is now one of the most prominent modes of overseas transport. Domestic and International flights are the air travels.

1. Utmost Good Faith: According to this principle, both insurer and insured should enter into contract in good faith. Insured should provide all the information that impacts the subject matter. Insurer should provide all the details regarding insurance contract. 

2. Insurable Interest: The insured must have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance. Insurable interest means some pecuniary interest in the subject matter of the insurance contract.

3. Indemnity: Indemnity means security or compensation against loss or damages. In insurance, the insured would be compensated with the amount equivalent to the actual loss and not the amount exceeding the loss.

This principle ensures that the insured does not make any profit out of the insurance. This principle of indemnity is applicable to property insurance alone.

4. Causa Proxima: The word ‘Causa proxima’ means ‘nearest cause’. According to this principle, when the loss is the result of two or more cause, the proximate cause,i.e. the direct. The direct, the most dominant and most effective cause of loss should be taken into consideration. The insurance company is not liable for the remote cause.

5. Contribution: The same subject matter may be insured with more than one insurer then it is known as ‘Double Insurance’. In such a case, the insurance claim to be paid to the insured must be shared on contributed by all insurers in proportion to the sum assured by each one of them.

6. Subrogation: Subrogation means ‘stepping the shoes on others’. According to this principle, once the claim of the insured has been settled, the ownership right of the subject matter of insurance passes on to the insurer.

7. Mitigation: In case of a mishap, the insured must take off all possible steps to reduce or mitigate the loss or damage to the subject matter of insurance.

Correct option: c) Both the above

Hold Bill is a great feature to hold a particular bill and resume it after some time.

Correct option: d) Timely delivery to customer

The name of the transport is Tramps. They are a kind of ocean going ships. They are essentially cargo vessels. They have no set routes. They do not follow any timetable. They sail only when they get sufficient load.

The other name of the manager in the Joint Hindu family is ‘Karta’. The Karta is the senior most male member of the family. He controls and manages the business of the Joint Hindu family.

Income from the five heads, namely – Salaries, House Property, Profits and Gains of Business or Profession, Capital Gains, and Other Sources – is computed separately according to the provisions given in the Act. Income computed under these heads shall be aggregated after adjusting past and present losses and the total so arrived at is known as ‘Gross Total Income’.

LTTE is a Terrorist Organisation of  Sri lanka

The five heads of income are:

1. Income from ‘Salaries’ [Sections 15 – 17]; 

2. Income from ‘House Property’ [Sections 22 – 27]; 

3. Income from ‘Profits and Gains of Business or Profession’ [Sections 28 – 44]; 

4. Income from ‘Capital Gains’ [Sections 45 – 55]; and 

5. Income from ‘Other Sources’ [Sections 56 – 59]

(b) Group corpus fund

Purchasing and selling of goods through telephones are called Telemarketing. 

It is divided into two types.

1. Telephonic marketing: Potential customers are contacted through mobile to provide information about the products. Willing customers visit the office and place orders. 

2. Television marketing: In this method, customers are attracted by providing all information of product or service through TV demonstrations. Customers can contact through phone or website to place order.

Business refers to any human activity undertaken on a regular basis with the object to earn profit through production, distribution, sale or purchase of goods and services

Business activities are connected with raising, producing or processing of goods. Industry creates form utility to goods by bringing materials into the form which is useful for intermediate consumption or final consumption by consumers.

General Stores sell a wide variety of products under one roof, most commonly found in a local market and residential areas to satisfy the day – to – day needs of the customers residing in nearby localities. They remain open for long hours at convenient timings and often provide credit facilities to their regular customers.

1. The motto of every group members should be “saving first – credit latter”. 

2. Self Help Group is homogeneous in terms of economic status.

3. The ideal size of a Self Help Group ranges between 10 and 20 members.

(c) IDBI – Agricultural bank

(c) Reasonable pric

Examples of public corporation:

1. Life Insurance Corporation of India 

2. The Indian Airlines 

3. The Air India International 

4. Food Corporation of India

This policy is to provide financial support to fanners in case of a crop failure due to drought or flood. It generally covers all risks of loss or damages relating to production of rice, wheat, millets, oil seeds and pulses etc.

(C) Feedback 

Feedback is the final component in the process of communication as it defines the response given by the receiver to the sender.

(d) Wholesaler – Last middleman in the distribution

Correct option: d. Both i and iii

Correct option: c. Select storename, location, Opening Year from store where Opening Year =2015;

Correct option: a. Only i

i. DNS stand for Domain Name System

ii. DNS is a hierarchical naming system for domain services, or any resource connected with internet or private network.

iii. The DNS translate internet domain and host names to IP addresses.

A pointer variable stores the memory address of another variable while a variable simply stores some value.

United Nations

CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program). It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

Protecting sensitive or confidential data is paramount in many businesses. In the event such information is made public, businesses may face legal or financial ramifications. At the very least, they will suffer a loss of customer trust. In most cases, however, they can recover from these financial and other losses with appropriate investment or compensation.

The same cannot be said of the defense and related communities, which includes military services, intelligence organizations and some areas of police service. These organizations cannot easily recover should sensitive information be leaked, and may not recover at all. These communities require higher levels of security than those employed by businesses and other organizations.

Having information of different security levels on the same computer systems poses a real threat. It is not a straight-forward matter to isolate different information security levels, even though different users log in using different accounts, with different permissions and different access controls.

Some organizations go as far as to purchase dedicated systems for each security level. This is often prohibitively expensive, however. A mechanism is required to enable users at different security levels to access systems simultaneously, without fear of information contamination.

SELECT ename FROM emp WHERE YEAR(hiredate) = '1995';

CREATE TABLE DEPTP30 AS(SELECT EmpNo, EmpName, Job, Sal FROM EMP WHERE DeptNo=30);

SELECT empname FROM emp WHERE job NOT LIKE 'M%';

SELECT empname FROM emp WHERE(empname LIKE '%TH%' OR empname LIKE '%LL%');

SELECT ename,'WORKS IN DEPARTMENT', deptno FROM emp;

SELECT empname FROM emp WHERE mgr IS NULL;

SELECT * FROM emp WHERE((job LIKE 'clerk') AND (sal BETWEEN 1000 AND 2000));

SELECT count(empname) from EMP;

SELECT job FROM emp GROUP BY job HAVING MAX(salary)>=3000;

SELECT empname FROM emp A, salgrade B WHERE grade=3 AND A.empno=B.empno; 

CREATE TABLE EMP(EmpNo INTEGER(4), DeptNo INTEGER(2), EmpName CHAR(10), Job CHAR(10), Manager INTEGER(4), HireDate DATE, Salary DECIMAL(7,2), Commission DECIMAL(7,2));

CREATE TABLE PROJECT(ProjId INTEGER(4), ProjDesign CHAR(20), ProjStartDT DATE, ProjEndDT DATE, BudgetAmount INTEGER(7), MaxNoStaff INTEGER(2)); 

CREATE TABLE DEPT(DeptNo INTEGER(2), DeptName CHAR(12), Location CHAR(12));

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(EmpNo VARCHAR(10), Name CHAR(20), Skill CHAR(20), PayRate DECIMAL);

Modify an existing style

Select text in your document that has the style applied, such as Heading 1.

Format the selected text with the new attributes that you want.

On the Home tab, in the Styles group, right-click the style that you want to change, and then click Update [Style Name] to Match Selection.

From the 9^th century onwards, there used to be regional wars in Europe. The peasant soldiers were not competent enough to win these battles. There was a need for a good cavalry. This need resulted in the formation of a new group of people known as knights.

The knights were soldiers or warriors. They were related to the nobles. The noble gave the knight an area of land called fief and the knight pledged to protect it. Fief Gould be transferred hereditarily. A fief could be anything between 1000 to 2000 acres. It had a house in which the knight and family could live, a church, a watermill, and a vinery. The land was used by the knight and he promised to fight for the noble. To maintain their physical fitness the knights engaged in different kinds of training and sports. A knight could serve more than one noble. But his real loyalty was to his particular noble who had given him his fief.

There should be a supervisor for checking the loan activities of informal lenders. However, its task is quite difficult because informal sector constitutes many people who have different kind of businesses of their own, besides lending. They are not registered with the government.

(a) Rural Settlements derive their basic economic needs from land based primary economic activities whereas urban settlements depend on processing of raw materials and manufacturing of finished goods as well as a variety of services. 

(b) Cities act as nodes of economic growth, provide goods and services not only to urban dwellers, but also to the people of rural settlements in their hinterlands in return for food and raw materials. The functional relationship between the urban and rural settlements takes place through transport and communication network. 

(c) Rural and Urban settlements differ in terms of social relationship, attitude and outlook. Rural people are less mobile and therefore, social relations among them are intimate. In Urban areas, on the other hand, way of life is complex and fast with formal social relations.

Money can buy material things alone. Apart from these, we require non-material things like love, affection, care, freedom and concern, that form the basis of our life. Values reflected by these things are respect, cooperation, confidence, strong willpower, etc.

The statement is very much true because if we observe social division and politics together at first sight, it would appear that the combination of politics and social division is very explosive and dangerous. 

(a) Democracy involves competition among various political units/parties. Their competition tends to divide and if they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions it can make social division into political divisions and lead to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country. This has happened in many countries like India, Belgium, etc. 

(b) In the case of Northern Ireland, this region of the United Kingdom has been for many years the site of violent and bitter ethno-political conflict. All this shows that politics and social divisions, must not be allowed to mix’.

The subject matter of human geography continues to grow over the period. It has widened its scope considerably. In the early 20th century, several new branches emerged out of it such as population geography, political geography, agricultural geography, etc. Its aim was to study emerging issues and problems like political dimensions and social relevance. In doing so, human geography has not only become more integrative and interdisciplinary in nature but has also incorporated several new approaches into its field. It gives the necessary spatial and systematic view point to the other social sciences which they otherwise lack. At the same time, human geography draws on other sciences, the analysis and identifies with its sub-fields such as political, economic and social geography.