Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(C) Marginal Revenue

(b) Marginal revenue

Correct answer is (C) 1929

(b) Investment

1. Fixed Cost does not change with the change in the quality of output. 

2. Fixed Cost is also called as “Supplementary Cost “or Overhead Cost”. 

3. All payments for the fixed factors of production are known as Total Fixed Cost.

There are two basic approaches, namely: 

1. Utility approach

1. The utility approach involves the use of measurable (cardinal) utility to study consumer behaviour. 

2. Marshall is the chief exponent of the utility approach to the theory of demand. It is known cardinal utility analysis or marginal utility analysis or marshallian utility analysis.

2. Indifference curve approach: The indifference curve approach was the idea of comparable utility [ordinal utility] J.R. Hicks and R.G.D. Allen introduced the indifference curve approach.

(B) Investment

(i) Problem of choice

(ii) Wages

(iii) Perfect 

(iv) Final

(v)1^st April, 31^st March

Scarcity of resources gives raise to Problem of choice.

(a) Medium of exchange – Money acts as a medium for the sale and purchase of gods and services. 

(b) Measure of value – Money serve as a measure of value in term of unit of account.

(a) Land-Rent 

(b) Labour-Wages 

(c) Capital-Interest 

(d) Entrepreneur-profit

The following conditions needed for profit by a firm under perfect competition: 

The Price P must be equal to MC. 

Marginal cost must be non-decreasing at q₀.

The firm to continue to produce, in the short run, price must be greater than the average variable cost and in the long run, price must be greater than the average cost.

e_p = ∆q/∆p x p/q

= 500/4 x 10/1000

= 1.25.

(i) GNP_mp = (1) + (4) + (6) = 370 + 60 + (–30) 

= Rs. 400 crores.

(ii) Private income = (2) + (3) + (5) + (6) 

= 290 + 50 + 35 + (–30) = Rs. 345 crores.

(iii) Personal income = Private income – (7) – (8) 

= 345 – 25 – 5 = Rs. 315 crores.

Expenditure method

GDP_fc = (2) + (3) + (5) + (6) + (10) – (9) 

= 11041 + 71366 + 21001 + 5143 + (–1478) – 12203 

= Rs. 94870 crores.

Income method

GDP_fc = (1) + (4) + (7) + (8) 

= 35290 + 15794 + 37135 + 6651 

= Rs. 94870 crores.

• First, find the true bias of the fabric by folding fabric with lengthwise grain parallel to the crosswise grain. The fold edge is the true bias. 
• After locating the true bias, draw the width and the number of strips needed for the required length and then cut it. 
• Many times the bias stripes are not long enough to complete a continuous sewing step. Adequate number of strips must be joined before starting to sew bias binding or facing. 
• Now place the cut out bias strips at right angles, right side facing right side. 
• Stitch bias strips with a ¼” seam allowance at angles.
• Continue to join bias strips as needed for the desired length.

double toned mil, skimmed milk, full cream milk and standardized milk

Major classes of seed are: Nucleus seed, Breeder’s seed, Foundation seed & Certified seed.

Major oils seed crops grown in India: Mustard, groundnut, soybean and sunflower 

Cultivation of mustard 

Soil and Climatic requirements: Mustard is basically cultivated in temperate region, require an annual precipitation of 40-100 cm. Soil sandy loam with no water-logging. 

Varieties: Some promising varieties of mustard are as under:

Seed and sowing method: For irrigated condition, 3-4kg seed is sufficient for sowing of one ha area whereas, the seed rate can be increased to 5 kg/ha under rainfed condition. 25^th September to the first fortnight of October is the most appropriate time of sowing mustard crop in conserved moisture.

Nutrient requirements: Forrainfed crop, apply 40kg N and 20kg P₂O₅/ha. In irrigated areas apply 60kg N, 20kg P₂O₅ and 25kg K₂O/ha

Major diseases and management 

White rust Downy mildew and Alternariablight are major diseases of mustard. For the control of white rust, Alternaria and downy mildew spray Mancozeb 1.5 kg/ha at initial appearance of white rust or Alternaria and repeat the spray 1-3 times after 15 days.

Pest management 

Mustard aphidis major pest of mustard. Spray the crop with 625 to 1000 ml oxydemeton methyl (Metasystox 25E C) or dimethoate (Rogor) 30 EC after diluting it in 625 to 1000Lwater/ha.

Harvesting, threshing and yield 

Usually rapeseed-mustard crops are harvested as soon as 75% of the pods turn yellow and moisture content of the seed is around 30 to 40%. Under normal

Major oils seed crops grown in India: Mustard, groundnut, soybean and sunflower 

Cultivation of mustard

Soil and Climatic requirements: Mustard is basically cultivated in temperate region, require an annual precipitation of 40-100 cm. Soil sandy loam with no water-logging. 

Varieties: Some promising varieties of mustard are as under:

Seed and sowing method: For irrigated condition, 3-4 kg seed is sufficient for sowing of one ha area whereas, the seed rate can be increased to 5 kg/ha under rainfed condition. 

25^th September to the first fortnight of October is the most appropriate time of sowing mustard crop in conserved moisture.

Nutrient requirements: For rainfed crop, apply 40 kg N and 20 kg P2O5/ha. In irrigated areas apply 60 kg N, 20 kg P2O5 and 25 kg K2O/ha

Major diseases & management

White rust Downy mildew and Alternaria blight are major diseases of mustard. For the control of white rust, Alternaria and downy mildew spray Mancozeb 1.5 kg/ha at initial appearance of white rust or Alternaria and repeat the spray 1-3 times after 15 days.

Pest management 

Mustard aphid is major pest of mustard. Spray the crop with 625 to 1000 ml oxydemeton methyl (Metasystox 25 EC) or dimethoate (Rogor) 30 EC after diluting it in 625 to 1000 L water/ha.

Harvesting, threshing and yield 

Usually rapeseed-mustard crops are harvested as soon as 75% of the pods turn yellow and moisture content of the seed is around 30 to 40%. Under normal conditions, rapeseed yields about 1.4-2.0 t/ha of seed, while mustard may give 2.0-2.5 t/ha.

Bitter pit : Major disorder of apple….due to Ca deficiency….development of shunken pits during storage…..preharvest sprays of Ca salts…..for reducing its incidence….. 

Fruit cracking: problem in many fruits….citrus, pomegranate….moisture stress……sudden irrigation…..maintain uniform supply of water….Ca and B sprays…GA₃ sprays….for management

Major diseases of cole crops: Alternaria Spot (Fungal), Black Leg (Fungal), Black Rot (Bacterial), Club Root (Fungal), Downy Mildew (Fungal), and Rhizoctonia Disease (Fungal)

a. Khadi- Gandhi's call for complete independence in the 1940s had the objective of uniting the entire country and manifested itself by the burning of all foreign materials/clothes. It was a significant gesture that 'khadi'- traditional, rough, hand spun, woven on charkha. It was not just a fabric but also a symbol of the self reliance, nationalism and resistance to British rule.

b. Post independence & 1950’s.

• Indian style statement was expanded by India's first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He consistently exhibited an inimitable style with his well stitched churidar-kurtas, Gandhi to pi and a 'bandh gala' band-collar jacket with a red rose pinned on the lapel. The 'Nehru jacket' as it was known, gave a new direction to menswear fashion in India. 
• The length of the blouse became shorter. The 'cup' could now be cut as a separate piece with darts and seams. Embellishment though embroidery, mirror work, beads and sequins made blouses more decorative. 
• Indian women now had the dual responsibility of balancing the household and work outside the home. Optimizing time, she found the 'salwar-kameez' very convenient. Originating from Punjab, this ensemble was adopted as a natural choice irrespective of local and provincial influences. It was initially worn with a short jacket or 'bundi' and a 'dupatta'.

The economic thresholds for fruit pests are likely to Decrease. 

Age period from 1 month to 2 years of a children is called Babyhood.   

1. Lack of coordination among staff members. 

2. Overload on Staff at the workplace. 

3. Staff members criticize each other on performance of work. 

4. Poor Communication.

Important species of Honey Bee of India like the rock bee, India hive bee and European & dormer bee are good features of all for honey bee.

Weight of 1 year child is 3 times of birth weight.

Family of the Emmalocera deprcsella Pyralidae.

Vitamin A is given to child to save from Night blindness.  

The two most important structural insect pests in urban situations are Termites and ants.

The meaning of Diet is Food. 

To save the patient suffering from dehydration is given ORS solution.   

First grade preservative- 

Like common salt, vinegar, sugar, natural preservatives (3/2 marks) 

Second grade- 

Chemically synthesiszed products like Sodium Meta Bisulphite, Sodium Benzoate

Food should be protected from fly.

Earthworm species : 

Eisenia foetida, Eudriluseuginae

It increases individual’s energy and activity.

It directs an individual towards specific goals.

It results in initiation and persistence of specific activities, thus keeps him/her active. It affects cognitive processes and learning strategies used by individual for completing similar tasks.

Major functions of N in plants are: 

• It makes plant dark green & succulent. 
• It promotes vegetative growth. 
• It is a major component of chlorophyll, which helps in food making by photosynthesis. 
• It is also a major component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.

Scheme Important government schemes for food sector: 

• Mega food parks 
• Cold chain 
• Agro processing cluster 
• Food safety and quality assurance infrastructure etc.

Process :

• Puffing 
• Flaking 
• Fermentation 
• Baking 
• Extrusion

Concept of safe food and important food regulations: 

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have been created under Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006; for laying down science based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption.

Food Safety and Standards Act (FSS), 2006 is the primary law for regulation of food products. This act also sets up the formulation and enforcement of food safety standards in India.

Ghaziabad (UP)

Vegetable and food/fruit produces like Jam, Jelly and sauce are marked with FPO. 

Beekeeping: Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of honey-bee colonies/ hives for honey, beeswax, propolis and royal jelly, etc. besides to pollinate the crops/fruits.