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This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
........ is the stage where programming errors are discovered and corrected. |
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Answer» Debugging or compiling |
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| 2. |
List the two approaches followed in problem solving or programming. How do they differ? |
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Answer» Approaches in problem solving: (a) Top down design: Larger programs are divided into smaller ones and solve each tasks by performing simpler activities. This concept is known as top down design in problem solving (b) Bottom up design: Here also larger programs are divided into smaller ones and the smaller ones are again subdivided until the lowest level of detail has been reached. We start solving from the lowest module onwards. This approach is called Bottom up design. Phases in Programming 1. Problem identification: This is the first phase in programming. The problem must be identified then only it can be solved, for this we may have to answer some questions. During this phase we have to identify the data, its type, quantity and formula to be used as well as what activities are involved to get the desired out put is also identified for example if you are suffering from stomach ache and consult a Doctor. To diagnose the disease the Doctor may ask you some question regarding the diet, duration of pain, previous occurrences etc, and examine some parts of your body by using stethoscope X-ray, scanning etc. 2. Deriving the steps to obtain the solution. There are two methods, Algorithm and flowchart, are used for this. (a) Algorithm: The step-by-step procedure to solve a problem is known as algorithm. It comes from the name of a famous Arab mathematician Abu Jafer Mohammed Ibn Musaa Al-Khowarizmi. The last part of his name Al-Khowarizmi was corrected to algorithm. (b) Flowchart: The pictorial or graphical representation of an algorithm is called flowchart. |
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| 3. |
Match the following1. Problem identificationa. Flowchart2. Steps to obtain the solutionb. Syntax Error3. Codingc. Runtime Error4. Translationd. COBOL5. Debugginge. X-ray6. Execution & Testingf. Compiler |
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Answer» 1 – e 2 – a 3 – d 4 – f 5 – b 6 – c |
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| 4. |
What are sequential constructs, selective construct an iterative construct? |
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Answer» 1. Sequential construct: The ability to execute the program statements one after another in sequence is called sequential construct. 2. Selective construct: It is the process of selecting certain set of statements based on a requirement for execution. 3. Iterative construct: It is the process of the execution of certain set of statements repeatedly until a requirement is satisfied. |
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| 5. |
An ATM cell has the payload field of __________(a) 32 bytes(b) 48 bytes(c) 64 bytes(d) 128 bytes |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) 48 bytes For explanation: An ATM field contains a header and a payload. The header is of 5 bytes and the payload is of 48 bytes. The size of the header remains fixed. |
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| 6. |
Packet sniffers involve ____________(a) Active receiver(b) Passive receiver(c) Legal receiver(d) Partially-active receiver |
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Answer» Right option is (b) Passive receiver The best explanation: The function of packet sniffers is to just silently receive the packets flowing in the channel. If they inject any packets into the channel, they might alert the other users about the intrusion. |
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| 7. |
Firewalls are often configured to block ___________(a) UDP traffic(b) TCP traffic(c) Sensitive traffic(d) Best-effort traffic |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) UDP traffic Explanation: UDP is more vulnerable to attacks, so firewalls are often configured to block suspicious UDP traffic. |
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| 8. |
Sniffers can be prevented by using _______________(a) Wired environment(b) WiFi(c) Ethernet LAN(d) Switched network |
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Answer» Correct choice is (d) Switched network Easiest explanation: Switches make sure that the packet is sent to the intended receiver and no one else, thus preventing Sniffers to perform their function. Intelligent switches are hence used preferably for the network. |
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| 9. |
What does administrative distance rank?(a) Metrics(b) Sources of routing information(c) Router reliability(d) Best paths |
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Answer» Right answer is (b) Sources of routing information For explanation I would say: Sources of routing information is the administrative distance rank. It is used by routers to select the best path when there are different routes to the same destination. It’s used only two different routing protocols are being used. |
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| 10. |
Effective Storage management does not include __________(a) security(b) backups(c) reporting(d) connection |
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Answer» Correct choice is (d) connection The best I can explain: Connection is the responsibility of the connection manager. Storage management includes management of all necessities such as security, backups and reporting facilities. |
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| 11. |
Task of Distributed Management Task Force is not ________(a) to promote interoperability among the management solution providers(b) b to act as an interface between the various budding technologies and provide solution to manage various environments(c) to track the operation of the different management solution providers(d) to manage the facility by itself if one of the management solution providers fail |
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Answer» Correct choice is (d) to manage the facility by itself if one of the management solution providers fail Best explanation: The Distributed Management Task Force is used just to simplify the overall management of the network. It cannot manage a network facility by itself in case one of the management solution providers fails. It provides an interface for promoting interoperability among management solution providers. |
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| 12. |
Which is a reason for avoiding doing route redistribution on two routers between the same two routing domains?(a) Higher cost of two routers(b) Routing feedback(c) Cisco IOS incompatibility(d) Not possible to use two routers |
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Answer» The correct option is (b) Routing feedback Explanation: Routing feedback is an anomaly in which the routing protocols go back and forth between one route and another. Routing feedback is a reason for avoiding doing route redistribution on two routers between the same two routing domains. |
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| 13. |
Expansion of SMTP is ________(a) Simple Message Transfer Protocol(b) Simple Mail Transmission Protocol(c) Simple Message Transmission ProtocolI had been asked this question during an interview. |
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Answer» Correct choice is (a) Simple Message Transfer Protocol To elaborate: SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is an application layer protocol used to transport e-mails over the Internet. Only 7-bit ASCII codes can be sent using SMTP. |
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| 14. |
Which of the following is true regarding RIPv2?(a) It has a lower administrative distance than RIPv1(b) It converges faster than RIPv1(c) It has the same timers as RIPv1(d) It is harder to configure than RIPv1 |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) It has the same timers as RIPv1 For explanation I would say: RIPv2 is pretty much just like RIPv1. It has the same administrative distance and timers and is configured just like RIPv1. |
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| 15. |
Which of the following routing algorithms can be used for network layer design?(a) shortest path algorithm(b) distance vector routing(c) link state routing(d) all of the mentioned |
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Answer» Right option is (d) all of the mentioned For explanation I would say: The routing algorithm is what decides where a packet should go next. There are several routing techniques like shortest path algorithm, static and dynamic routing, decentralized routing, distance vector routing, link state routing, Hierarchical routing etc. The routing algorithms go hand in hand with the operations of all the routers in the networks. The routers are the main participants in these algorithms. |
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| 16. |
What is route poisoning?(a) It sends back the protocol received from a router as a poison pill, which stops the regular updates. The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted(b) It is information received from a router that can’t be sent back to the originating router.RIPv2 supports classless routing(c) It prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that has just come up(d) It describes when a router sets the metric for a downed link to infinity |
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Answer» The correct option is (d) It describes when a router sets the metric for a downed link to infinity Easy explanation: When a network goes down, the distance-vector routing protocol initiates route poisoning by advertising the network with a metric of 16, or unreachable. |
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| 17. |
In SMTP, the command to write receiver’s mail address is written with the command _______(a) SEND TO(b) RCPT TO(c) MAIL TO(d) RCVR TO |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) RCPT TO For explanation: RCPT TO command is followed by the recipient’s mail address to specify where or to whom the mail is going to through the internet. If there is more than one receiver, the command is repeated for each address continually. |
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| 18. |
Which one of the following is an SMTP server configured in such a way that anyone on the internet can send e-mail through it?(a) open mail relay(b) wide mail reception(c) open mail reception(d) short mail reception |
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Answer» Correct answer is (a) open mail relay For explanation I would say: Anyone can send an e-mail through an Open Mail Relay server so it acted like a free relay for email agents to forward their mails through. Open Mail Relays are now unpopular because they can be used by attackers to perform man-in-the-middle attacks. |
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| 19. |
If you have to send multimedia data over SMTP it has to be encoded into _______(a) Binary(b) Signal(c) ASCII(d) Hash |
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Answer» Right option is (c) ASCII Best explanation: Since only 7-bit ASCII codes are transmitted through SMTP, it is mandatory to convert binary multimedia data to 7-bit ASCII before it is sent using SMTP. |
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| 20. |
TCP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, POP etc. are examples of ___________(a) Socket(b) IP Address(c) Protocol(d) MAC Address |
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Answer» The correct choice is (c) Protocol The best explanation: TCP, FTP, Telnet, SMTP, POP etc. are examples of Protocol. Out of them, TCP is a transport layer protocol and FTP, TELNET, SMTP and POP are application layer protocols. |
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| 21. |
An SMTP session may not include _______(a) zero SMTP transaction(b) one SMTP transaction(c) more than one SMTP transaction(d) one HTTP transaction |
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Answer» Right answer is (d) one HTTP transaction To explain I would say: An SMTP session can only include SMTP transactions regardless the number. Any other protocol’s transaction is not included in an SMTP session. |
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| 22. |
Which protocols are used for Storage management?(a) SNMP(b) LDAP(c) POP3(d) MIB |
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Answer» The correct choice is (a) SNMP To explain: Simple Network Management Protocol is used for storage management. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol is used to access or locate information about directories and other resources on a network. Post Office Protocol 3 is used for e-mailing on the internet. Management Information Base is a part of SNMP and contains hierarchically organized information. |
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| 23. |
Which of the following protocols is used in the internet?(a) HTTP(b) DHCP(c) DNS(d) DNS, HTTP and DNS |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) DNS, HTTP and DNS Easy explanation: HTTP is used to browse all the websites on the World Wide Web, DHCP is used to allot IPs automatically to the users on the internet, and DNS is used to connect the users to the host servers on the internet based on the Domain Name. |
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| 24. |
Which of the situations might not require multiple routing protocols in a network?(a) When a new Layer 2-only switch is added to the network(b) When you are migrating from one routing protocol to another(c) When you are using routers from multiple vendors(d) When there are host-based routers from multiple vendors |
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Answer» Right choice is (a) When a new Layer 2-only switch is added to the network The best I can explain: Multiple routing protocols are required only when we need to migrate from one routing protocol to another, or when we are using routers from multiple vendors, or when there are host-based routers from multiple vendors. Routing is not a layer-2 function so we don’t require multiple routing protocols when new layer-2 switch is added. |
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| 25. |
Which statement is true regarding classless routing protocols?(a) The use of discontinuous networks is not allowed(b) The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted(c) RIPv1 is a classless routing protocol(d) RIPv2 supports classless routing |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) The use of variable length subnet masks is permitted Easy explanation: Classful routing means that all hosts in the internetwork use the same mask. Classless routing means that you can use Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs) and can also support discontinuous networking. |
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| 26. |
The structure or format of data is called ___________(a) Syntax(b) Semantics(c) Struct(d) Formatting |
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Answer» Right option is (a) Syntax To explain: The structure and format of data are defined using syntax. Semantics defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on that interpretation. In programming languages, syntax of the instructions plays a vital role in designing of the program. |
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| 27. |
According to the ring algorithm, links between processes are ____________(a) bidirectional(b) unidirectional(c) both bidirectional and unidirectional(d) none of the mentioned |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) unidirectional Easy explanation - None. |
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| 28. |
Which layer 3 protocols can be transmitted over an L2TP VPN?(a) Only IP(b) Only IPX(c) Only ICMP(d) IP and IPX |
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Answer» The correct option is (d) IP and IPX The explanation is: L2TP stands for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. It is used to tunnel all the L2 traffic on an IP network and is able to transmit network layer’s IP and IPX protocol data. |
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| 29. |
Which one of the following is not correct?(a) Application layer protocols are used by both source and destination devices during a communication session(b) HTTP is a session layer protocol(c) TCP is an application layer protocol(d) All of the mentioned |
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Answer» Correct option is (d) All of the mentioned Best explanation: HTTP is an application layer protocol. Whereas TCP is a transport layer protocol. |
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| 30. |
Servers handle requests for other domains _______(a) directly(b) by contacting remote DNS server(c) it is not possible(d) none of the mentioned |
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Answer» The correct answer is (b) by contacting remote DNS server The best I can explain: Whenever a request is received at server from other domains, it handles this situation by contacting remote DNS server. |
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| 31. |
Configuration management can be divided into which two subsystems?(a) Reconfiguration and documentation(b) Management and configuration(c) Documentation and dialing up(d) Configuration and dialing up |
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Answer» The correct option is (a) Reconfiguration and documentation Easiest explanation: The best current practices report is created by a management group to ensure the most effective configuration management. The group also makes a MIB (Management Information Base) module to help with the configuration management. |
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| 32. |
Full duplex mode increases the capacity of each domain by ________(a) 10 to 20 mbps(b) 20 to 30 mbps(c) 30 to 40 mbps(d) 40 to 50 mbps |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) 10 to 20 mbps Easiest explanation: In full duplex mode, both endpoints share a single channel bandwidth to achieve two-way transmission. This results in complete utilization of the band capacity increasing the capacity by 10 to 20 mbps than half-duplex mode. |
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| 33. |
If we want that a character be interpreted by the client instead of server _________(a) interpret as command (IAC) escape character has to be used(b) control functions has to be disabled(c) it is not possible(d) cli character has to be used |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) interpret as command (IAC) escape character has to be used Best explanation: The client must look at each byte that arrives and look for IAC escape character. If IAC is found, the client moves on to look for any other code or IAC. If the next byte is IAC – a single byte is presented by the client to the terminal. If IAC is followed by any other code than IAC, the client interprets this as a command. |
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| 34. |
Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) utilizes _________ as the transport layer protocol for electronic mail transfer.(a) TCP(b) UDP(c) DCCP(d) SCTP |
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Answer» The correct choice is (a) TCP Explanation: Since TCP is a reliable protocol, it’s more efficient to use TCP protocol for e-mail transfer. TCP also provides more security than other transport layer protocols. |
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| 35. |
The domain name system is maintained by _______(a) distributed database system(b) a single server(c) a single computer(d) none of the mentioned |
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Answer» Right answer is (a) distributed database system Explanation: A domain name system is maintained by a distributed database system. It is a collection of multiple, logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. |
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| 36. |
Which protocol is a signaling communication protocol used for controlling multimedia communication sessions?(a) session initiation protocol(b) session modelling protocol(c) session maintenance protocol(d) resource reservation protocol |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) session initiation protocol To explain I would say: SIP is a signaling protocol in which its function includes initiating, maintaining and terminating real time sessions. SIP is used for signaling and controlling multimedia sessions. |
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| 37. |
Which operating mode of telnet is full duplex?(a) default mode(b) server mode(c) line mode(d) character mode |
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Answer» Right answer is (c) line mode To elaborate: In line mode, terminal character processing is done on the client side but editing is enabled on the server side. Line mode reduces the number of packets and is useful for long delay networks. |
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| 38. |
Wildcard domain names start with label _______(a) @(b) *(c) &(d) # |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) * Easiest explanation: A wildcard DNS record matches requests to a non existent domain name. This wildcard DNS record is specified by using asterisk “*” as the starting of a domain name. |
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| 39. |
The ASCII encoding of binary data is called(a) base 64 encoding(b) base 32 encoding(c) base 16 encoding(d) base 8 encoding |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) base 64 encoding Explanation: Base64 is used commonly in a number of applications including email via MIME, and storing complex data in XML. Problem with sending normal binary data to a network is that bits can be misinterpreted by underlying protocols, produce incorrect data at receiving node and that is why we use this code. |
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| 40. |
The right to use a domain name is delegated by domain name registers which are accredited by _______(a) internet architecture board(b) internet society(c) internet research task force(d) internet corporation for assigned names and numbers |
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Answer» Correct answer is (d) internet corporation for assigned names and numbers Easy explanation: The ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) deals with IP address space allocation, protocol identifier assignment, generic and country code Top Level domain name system management (gTLD and ccTLD). |
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| 41. |
Which one of the following is not an application layer protocol?(a) media gateway protocol(b) dynamic host configuration protocol(c) resource reservation protocol(d) session initiation protocol |
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Answer» Right option is (c) resource reservation protocol The explanation is: Resource reservation protocol is used in transport layer. It is designed to reserve resources across a network for quality of service using the integrated services model. |
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| 42. |
The probability of the error in a transmitted block _________ with the length of the block(a) Remains same(b) Decreases(c) Increases(d) Is not proportional |
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Answer» Correct answer is (c) Increases To elaborate: Probability of the error in a transmitted block increases with the length of the block. Hence, the blocks should be as short as possible for ideal transmission with low possibility of an error. |
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| 43. |
The main contents of the routing table in datagram networks are ___________(a) Source and Destination address(b) Destination address and Output port(c) Source address and Output port(d) Input port and Output port |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) Destination address and Output port Explanation: Routing table contains destination address and output port to route the packets to their destinations. The port address specifies the particular application that the packet has to be forwarded to after it has reached the destination. |
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| 44. |
Which of the following remains same in the header of the packet in a datagram network during the entire journey of the packet?(a) Destination address(b) Source address(c) Checksum(d) Padding |
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Answer» Correct answer is (a) Destination address To explain I would say: Destination address remains same in the header during the entire journey of the packet. There is no pre-decided route for the packets so each datagram/packet is treated as an individual entity and routed independently through the network. |
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| 45. |
The ______ field is used to detect errors over the entire user datagram.(a) udp header(b) checksum(c) source port(d) destination port |
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Answer» The correct choice is (b) checksum The explanation is: Checksum field is used to detect errors over the entire user datagram. Though it is not as efficient as CRC which is used in TCP, it gets the job done for the UDP datagram as UDP doesn’t have to ensure the delivery of the packet. |
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| 46. |
DNS database contains _______(a) name server records(b) hostname-to-address records(c) hostname aliases(d) all of the mentioned |
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Answer» Correct option is (d) all of the mentioned The explanation is: Domain Name system not only deals with mapping IP addresses with the hostname but also deals with exchange of information in the server. |
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| 47. |
If a server has no clue about where to find the address for a hostname then _______(a) server asks to the root server(b) server asks to its adjcent server(c) request is not processed(d) none of the mentioned |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) server asks to the root server Easy explanation: Root name servers are actually very important and critical as they are the first step in translating human readable hostnames into IP addresses for carrying out communication. |
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| 48. |
User datagram protocol is called connectionless because _____________(a) all UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer(b) it sends data as a stream of related packets(c) it is received in the same order as sent order(d) it sends data very quickly |
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Answer» Correct answer is (a) all UDP packets are treated independently by transport layer Best explanation: UDP is an alternative for TCP and it is used for those purposes where speed matters most whereas loss of data is not a problem. UDP is connectionless whereas TCP is connection oriented. |
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| 49. |
Which of the following is false with respect to the datagram networks?(a) Number of flows of packets are not limited(b) Packets may not be in order at the destination(c) Path is not reserved(d) Delay is the same for all packets in a flow |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) Delay is the same for all packets in a flow The best I can explain: The delay of each packet in a datagram network is different as each packet might take a different route to the destination. This happens because there is no pre-decided route for the packets. |
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| 50. |
In OSPF header, which field is used to detect errors in the packet?(a) Type(b) Area ID(c) Authentication type(d) Checksum |
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Answer» The correct answer is (d) Checksum To elaborate: Checksum field is used to detect errors. It makes sure that the data portions that are being sent are all in integrity. It can detect duplicated bits. Once an error is detected, the sender has to re-transmit the data as it won’t receive an acknowledgement. |
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