Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Captain Smith, the commander of the ship was called, ‘brave’ because for not even for one moment he thought of saving his life when he knew the ship was sinking. He stood on the bridge and told his crew that they were British and they should remember their country and should do their duty. They should save the passengers first.

Women and children got the top priority to be rescued from the sinking Titanic.

The ‘ominous form’ that loomed out of the darkness was the huge iceberg that would collide with the Titanic and break it up.

According to the poet the ‘awfully grand’ scene was the courage displayed by those who were left out in the sinking ship. One of them could have saved his life but he offered his place to his friend and willingly accepted death. Definitely that was ‘awfully grand’.

Correct option is A) will

1. (b) may

2. (c) used to

3. (a) Could

4. (c) can’t

5. (c) must

6. (b) should

7. (c) needs

8. (a) would

9. (b) May

10. (a) should

11. (b) could

12. (b) shall

The people on board felt that they were very safe and they would not meet any danger.

Correct option is B) is receiving

I have read about one such person. He is Sydney Carton in the novel ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ by Charles Dickens. In the end we see Sydney Carton willingly dying in place of Charles Darnay, who was the husband of Lucie Manette. Sydney Carton had loved Lucie before she married Charles. Charles was to be guillotined. Sydney, who had some resemblance to Charles, saves him from the prison and dies on his behalf.

The story of the Titanic would be remembered always because of two reasons. First, it was the greatest maritime tragedy ever occurred in world history. Second, the sacrifice one sailor made by sending another person in his place, accepting death voluntarily, will be remembered always. There is no sacrifice greater than giving up one’s life one’s friend.

What were the bandsmen doing when the Titanic was sinking?

Stanza 1: 

From Southampton, the Titanic started her voyage. She was a poem of iron and steel. She was a sea dream. Thousands of people standing on the shore watched her steaming away. She was the largest and the grandest of all the ships made until then.

Stanza 2: 

There were thousands on board. They felt very secure. Nobody thought of any danger, as the captain stood at the wheel. He was directing the course of the ship. This would be her (the ship’s) first and the last trip as she will never reach a port again.

Stanza 3: 

She was the best shipman had made. She was speeding on her first voyage when suddenly, out of the darkness, in the night, a ghostly white form appeared.

Stanza 4: 

It was a huge mountain of ice. Such a huge iceberg was never seen ^n the North Atlantic. It hit the ship, sending a shiver throughout the entire length of the ship. It soon began to sink and people knew it was sinking.

Stanza 5: 

Captain Smith was the commander of the ship. He was brave. Not even for one moment, he thought of saving his life. He stood on the bridge and told his crew that they were British and they should remember their country and should do their duty.

Stanza 6: 

England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales proved to the world that their courage never fails. They said that the women and children should go in the lifeboats. All the crew stood by and watched.

Stanza 7: 

The lifeboats were lowered and the women and children were sent away to safety. The crew had no hope of saving themselves. The Titanic sank from sight, as the band played ‘Nearer my God to Thee’.

Stanza 8: 

Was there ever a scene gander than this? The ship was sinking but the band was playing. Al credit goes to Smith and the men of Titanic. Once again they bring to memory the heroes of Trafalgar. (There the Royal Navy of England fought against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies.)

Stanza 9: 

It also brings to memory the thrilling story of the Alamo (The Texians defeated the Mexican Army, ending the revolution). It also brings to memory the battle of Waterloo (where Napoleon was defeated). It also reminds us of the charge of. The Light Brigade’ (the English forces fighting against the Russians in 1854) and also Jim Bludso’s courageous act (He was an engineer who died while saving the lives of the passengers on a boat named Prairie Bell sinking in the Mississippi river).

Stanza 10: 

Along with all these stories of bravery and courage, the story of the crew of Titanic will be remembered forever. They had showed such courage and nobility during that great tragedy.

1. a) Receiving 

b) countryside 

c) sunny 

d) hot

2. a) slowly 

b) dreadful 

c) terribly 

d) drink

The Titanic called ‘a poem of iron and steel’ because it was grand and beautiful like a poem.

1. a) despair b) doubtful c) sick d) hatred

2. a) departed b) unsurprised c) silence d) pleasant

3. a) scarcity b) modestly c) distasteful d) tiny

4. a) noisy b) gloomy c) closing d) unsafe

1. Karthick told his parents that he wanted to pursue agriculture.

2. Meena told her brother not to use her mobile phone.

3. Gomathi exclaimed that it was a lovely painting.

4. The science teacher said that the humming bird is the smallest bird in the world.

5. The postman asked Kalpana if she could send her brother the next day to collect the passport

6. A popular proverb says not to cast pearls before swines

7. The cook told the customer that they cooked all items with refinded groundnut oil.

8. The teacher asked Radha whether she could give a reason for poor marks in math.

9. The teacher told the students that truth always triumphs

10. The professor asked the students who would cooperate with him in that project.

2. Analaysis the spatial relationship of surface features. 

3.Represent geographical features spatially 

4. Update and incorporate data easily and with less expense

(include other valid points also)

(b) being enthusiastic

1. a) ways b) activity of fighting a war c) war d) defective

2. a) in a bad way b) hurt c) arrest d) courageous

3. a) afraid b) win c) declined d) obey e) timid

4. a) a wrong doing b) disagree c) suggestion d) a subordinate king

5. a) quietly b) realty c) understand d) legitimate

6. a) noble b) accept

Correct option is D) before you leave home

Correct option is A) I was talking

Correct option is A) when the eight o’clock news started

1. Not seeing the other person. 

2. Noise in the background or on the line 

3. Distractions by others while on the phone. 

4. Language problems or unfamiliar accent.

Queen: Major work is to lay eggs for new colonies. It is all time protected by workers.

Drone: Major work is to mate the queen. Only one drone is required for mating. Otherwise drones have no other work.

Workers: All work in a colony is done by the workers. They collect nectar, protect queen and hive.

Paneer, Dahi, Shrikhand, butter, Khoa, ghee are major products of milk. Preparation of Dahi: Dahi is prepared by….boiling milk…cool it…put bacterial culture of Lactobacillus lactus culture. Keep overnight

Different processed milk products are - Cheese, ice cream, milk powder, paneer, ghee, dhahi etc.

Ghee 

Ghee is 99.5 per cent milk fat…. manufactured by either cream or butter. Cream from milk is churned into butter followed by conversion into ghee. The cream is placed in a metal vessel and melted at low heat. Then it is boiled to about 110 to 120°C with constant stirring over a low fire to evaporate the moisture and prevent scorching. The clear fat is filtered into glass bottles or plastic pouches containers. The colour of cow ghee is deep yellow while that from buffalo milk is white. The taste is usually characteristic of the milk fat.

It is a process in which waste product is reusable as a raw material to be used in some other process, called a ‘waste exchange’

Correct option is A) No

Advantages of facial waxing are:

1. Hairless effect lasts for 2 or more weeks 

2. It leads to greater precision over other methods. 

3. It has an exfoliating effect as it removes dead cells along with unwanted hair. 

4. Works on all types of skin as it is equally effective for fine as well as coarse hair.

Bio fertilizer are called bio base organism use to improve soil fertility e.g. Azotobacter, vamp, microrizha and blud green alagae and other bacteria culture.

Apiculture is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made hives by humans it called Apiculture. The status in India currently exhibited strong growth during from 2015 to 2020.

1. Bruising in or around the area to be treated. 

2. Blood diseases like HIV, Hepatitis.

This allows eyeliner to be applied deep into the lash line for a richer and more distinct eye. Gently brush upwards to soften and blend the line for a Smokey eye.

The next phase of the hair growth cycle is called as ‘Catagen’. During this cycle, hair follicle undergoes a period of change and do not grow. This phase lasts for about 2 weeks. New cells are formed. At any time only about 1% of follicles are in the Catagen stage.

1. Position the client according to the area being waxed, taking into account the mobility and comfort of the client. 

2. Protect the client’s clothes with towels and disposable paper. 

3. When waxing the eye brows, you may apply eye pads to protect the eyes and petroleum jelly to control the amount of hair being removed. 

4. Remove all Jewellery in the areas to be waxed.

Absorption coefficient = IR value for 60 seconds / IR value for 15 seconds  = 1.3 (minimum recommended value)

Tips: 

a. IR value decreases some what with an increase I applied voltage. However for machines in good condition substantially the same IR is obtained for any test voltage up to the peak value of the rated operating voltage. 

b. If the IR value decreases significantly with an increase in applied voltage it is an indication of imperfections or fractures of the insulation aggravated by the presence of dirt or moisture or may be due to the effects of dirt or moisture alone, or may result from numerous other phenomena not necessarily associated with any defect or weakness. 

c. IR value for good dry winding continue to increase for hours with constant test voltage continuously applied, however a fairly steady value is usually reached in 10 to 15 minutes. If the winding is wet or dry or dirty the steady value is usually reached in 1 or 2 minutes after the test voltage is applied. 

d. The recommended minimum IR value for AC and DC machines is determined by the following empirical relationship.

IR = kV + 1 

Where IR = recommended minimum IR in mega ohms at 40°C of the entire machine winding and kV = rated machine voltage in kilo volts.

Temperature correction is to be applied, if winding is not at a temperature of 40°C

e. IR of the one phase of three phases winding with other two phases earthed, is approximately twice that of the entire winding. Therefore when the three phases are tested separately, the observed insulation resistance of each phase should be divided by two to obtain a value which after correction for temperature, may be compared with the recommended minimum value of IR. 

Following minimum recommended PI values criteria is to be followed. 

a. 1.5 for class – A insulation. 

b. 2.0 for class – B insulation. 

c. 2.5 for class – F insulation. 

Bearing oil analysis is a useful tool in determining bearing performance and possible deterioration. Periodic checks for oil colour, viscosity and acidity can aid in preventing or anticipating bearing failure.

This test gives distinct wave forms giving indications of various defects such as, 

a. Turn to turn short in same phases. 

b. Coil to coil short in same phases. 

c. Partial phase to phase short. 

d. Complete phase to phase short. 

e. Improper coil connections. 

f. Reverse coil connections. 

g. Open coil connections. 

h. Short to ground partial. 

i. Short to ground complete. 

If the measured insulation resistance of the motor is less than 1 MΩ / kV with a minimum of 1MΩ, when the machine is cold it is to be dried out before full voltage is applied to the terminals of the motors and the drying out is to be continued as long as the insulation resistance rises or until a sufficiently high value that is not less than 1 MΩ / kV with minimum of I MΩ at 75°C is reached.

While proceeding for point as above said, following factors are to be kept in mind which affect the insulation resistance measurement. They are, 

a. Surface condition. 

b. Moisture. 

c. Temperature. 

d. Magnitude of test voltage. 

e. Duration of application of test voltage. 

f. Residual charge in the winding. 

g. Ageing of the insulation. 

h. Mechanical stresses. 

Based on the recommendations given in IS: 4029:1977 decided DC test voltage 

= (2E+1kV) 1.6 * M 

Where E = rated voltage.

 2.6 = AC to DC conversion factor.

M = derator factor which is a function to be decided on the basis of the age and condition of equipment. 

The DC voltage applied in steps and the leakage current recorded at each step. A plot leakage current Vs test voltage is to be plotted as the test progress. 

Some recommendations of IS : 4029 : 1977. 

a. The HV test made on the windings on acceptance shall as far as possible not be repeated. If however a second test to be made at 80% of the voltage given by the empirical formula given above. 

b. Test voltage for completely rewound motor = full test voltage for new motor. 

c. Partially rewound or overhauled motor = 75% * full test voltage for a new motor. 

d. Before the test for the old parts of the winding shall be carefully cleaned and dried. 

e. Before attempting of HV DC test a minimum PI value of motor should be obtained. 

Following may the possible reasons for motor to take long acceleration time. 

a. Excess loading. 

b. May be rewound motor with poor quality of winding conductor having high resistance. 

c. Defective squirrel cage rotor. 

d. Applied voltage is too low. 

Temperature of bearing should not be more than 90°C. In case temperature is higher than the 90°C the following could be the possible reasons.

a. Inadequate lubricants inside the bearing. 

b. Faulty bearing. 

c. Bearing is jammed. 

d. Over greasing. 

e. Improper grade of lubricant.

Generally even harmonics are not expected to be present in three phase motors. Triple-n harmonics like 3^rd, 9^th, 15^th etc. are also not expected. The dominant odd harmonics expected are 5^th, 7^th, 11^th and 13^th etc. 

Presence of strong 2^nd harmonics indicates unbalance voltage, unbalance winding impedance, rotor defects, magnetic imbalance, faulty rotor skewing etc.

Very strong 3^rd harmonics indicates magnetic saturation, ground leak currents, overloads etc. Overloading causes overheating, resulting in non-linear magnetization

which gives high 3^rd harmonic winding faults, short circuits. Hot spots in rotor or stator also may indicate higher harmonics. 

Motors in general should run very quietly and no abnormal noise is desired. However if noise is there, it could be because of following reasons. 

a. Windage noise – the noise due to ventilating system, (whistling noise). 

b. Bearing noise – the noise due to its rolling contact. 

c. Unusual noise – some defects inside the motor (example – motor bar failure). 

d. Deep heavy growling noises – some electrical fault. 

For permissible limits of noise levels for rotating electrical machines IS: 12065:1987 is being reffered. 

For motors having class – B insulation the temperature should not be more than 110°C and for motors having class – F insulation the temperature should not be more than 130°C. In case temperature is more, then the following could be the possible reasons. 

1. Electrical overloads. 

a. Over and under voltage. 

b. Over and under frequency. 

c. Voltage unbalance. Voltage unbalance create unbalance of currents and increase in temperature which will be 2*(% voltage unbalance)* (% voltage unbalance)*.

(% Voltage unbalance) = 100 * maximum deviation from average voltage / average voltage.

For instance if voltages are 390V, 410V & 440V,

% Voltage variation = 100*(440-390+410+440) / 3. / (440-390+410+440) = 6.45%.  / 3

Therefore increase in temperature rise = 2*(6.45)*(6.45) = 83°C (approximately). 

d. Voltage transients and interruptions. 

e. Loose connection at motor terminals. 

f. Unbalance current. 

g. Single phasing (if OLR protection is not working). 

h. Long acceleration cycle. 

i. Unusual system grounding conditions.

2. Mechanical overloads. 

a. Locked rotor. 

b. Heavy starting. 

c. Bearing problem. 

d. Overload in continuous duty and intermittent duty. 

3. Environmental overloads. 

a. Excessive temperature of cooling medium or ambient temperature. 

b. Restricted flow of cooling. 

c. Reduction in the density of cooling medium. 

d. Heat transfer from machine parts connected to the motor. 

4. Others. 

a. Excessive number of switching operations. 

In case motor does not come to its rated speed then following could be the probable causes. 

a. Starting load is too high. 

b. Broken rotor bars (look for cracks near rings). 

c. Open primary circuit. 

d. Voltage is too low. 

Vibration could be because of mechanical faults and electrical faults. 

1. Mechanical faults. 

a. Wrong alignment of the motor on foundation. 

b. Wrong installation. 

c. Improper fitting of bearing and cooling fans. 

d. Periodic impulse loads such as reciprocating compressors. 

e. Pulley of heavy weight which cause bending of motor shaft resulting in non uniform air gap. 

f. Damage of bearing or bad bearing. 

g. Bad coupling. 

h. If the axial alignment of the motor and the driven machine is incorrect and rotor is allowed to contact its axial stops, high axial vibrations may occur, together with high bearing temperature high and even bearing failure. 

i. Machine base and foundation problem. 

j. Under sized bearing.

2. Electrical faults. 

a. Air gas dissymetry. 

b. Broken rotor bars. 

c. Slackened stator core. 

d. Slackened rotor core. 

e. Interturn short in the rotor winding in the two-pole machine. 

f. Unbalance in rotor winding. 

g. Unbalance power supply voltages. If the vibration is because of electrical fault, de-energise the machine and watch the vibration as it runs down.

The possible vibration frequencies observed are 

a. Twice the power supply frequency – it indicates that the vibration is developed by unbalanced power supply voltages, unbalanced air gap, unbalance in rotor winding, slackened stator core etc. 

b. Multiple of power frequency – the stator and rotor slots co-ordinate to develop radial lines of force to deform and pulsate the cores. 

c. Twice the slip frequency – magnetic unbalance due to unbalance air gaps, slackened rotor core, interturn short in the rotor-winding etc. of two-pole machine. 

d. Beat (Humming) – in case of two-pole machine the beat is developed when the vibration of twice as much as power frequency developed between the stator and rotor is superimposed on the vibration of twice the slip frequency developed due to irregular air gap.