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Almost all halogens are coloured. This is because halogens absorb radiations in the visible region. This results in the excitation of valence electrons to a higher energy region. Since the amount of energy required for excitation differs for each halogen, each halogen displays a different colour.

Option : (b) slightly less than 109°28'.

Due to presence of lone pairs of electrons on oxygen atom, the C-O-H bond angle decrease from 109°28'. because of lone pair and bond pair repulsions.

[Hint : Almost same ionization enthalpy of oxygen and Xe.]

[Hint : HClO₄ is more acidic than HIO₄. Because Cl is more electronegative than Br, due to which ClO₃ group have more tendency to withdraw electrons of
O – H bond towards itself as compared to BrO₃ group.]

Because it involves weak van der Waals’ forces.

Froth Floatation Method or Process.

The cyclic movement of rain is brought out in the poem such that the rain drops in the form of water vapour, rise up to the sky from the land and the oceans to form clouds. It then returns to the earth in the form of rain and provides relief to the drought-ridden areas and infuses life into the unborn and latent seeds. The rain renders the earth with beauty and purity.

Gatterman – Koch reaction.

Argon is most abundant in air.

BOB was Called " Silky " Bob by the police because that was the only name they knew him by. If the wire from Chicago had contained Bob's real last name , then Jimmy would know in advance that his old friend was the wanted criminal.

Pent–2–ene or 2–Pentene

Jimmy called as a kind of plodder.

Payment is lump sum or any ether one.

Capital reserve.

The major relationship between Federal and State Governments and Local Governments are summarized below: In a Federal and State, all the government activities are being coordinated together, yet they are independent of one another. The component states of the federation are created out of a single country. There are powers sharing in the federation. There is the duplication of government departments at the federal, state and local levels. The country’s resources are kept in the national treasury and shared among the 3 levels (tiers) of government every month. Regular council of states meetings bring the Federal and state governments together to discuss national problems and issues of economic development. The federal government represents the entire nation in external affairs. All the levels of government are under the operation of the same constitution to form a united government.

[d] All of the above

Ca (s) + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂\(\uparrow\) 

From the above balance chemical equation. we can conclude that.

2 moles of HCl react with one mole of Ca to produce one mole CaCl₂ and one mole of hydrogen gas.

\(\therefore\) 0.750 mole HCl on reaction with Ca can produce

 = \(\frac12\times0.750\) mole H₂ gas

 = 0.375 mole H₂ gas.

False: Accumulated profits are transferred to all partners’ capital account including new partner.

Government grant is treated as Revenue Receipt receipt.

• A value for securities can be established. 
• Increased access to capital-raising opportunities (both public and private financings) and expansion of investor base. 
• Liquidity for investors is enhanced since securities can be traded through a public market.

There are different rules on finding the oxidation number for different compound. These are as follows

1.oxidation number of element is zero i.e. either mono-atomic or di atomic e.g. Na, H₂, Cl₂ ,Al etc.

2. Oxidation number of ion is charge present on it e.g Al⁺⁺⁺ means oxidation number of aluminium is 3.

3. Sum of oxidation number of neutral compound is always zero.

4. Oxidation number of alkali metal is +1 and alkaline earth metal is +2 . In oxygen generally oxidation state is -2 but contain limitation on peroxide and super oxide.

5 Oxidation of halogen is generally -1 but with Chlorine and Bromine contain exception when they formed the compound with Florine.

6. Hydrogen also give the oxidation state of +1 but some exception with metal hydride.

The highest oxidation state of a metal exhibited in its oxide or fluoride only since fluorine and oxygen are the most electronegative elements. The highest oxidation state shown by any transition element is +8.

Major problems of Indian Jute Industries :

• High cost of production.
• Storage of raw Jute.
• Shortage of Power Supply.
• Growth of Jute mills in Bangladesh and loss of foreign marke.
• Emergence of substitute goods against gunny bags and loss of demand for jute goods both at home and abroad.

Chemiosmosis requires a membrane, a proton pump, a proton gradient and ATPase. Energy is used to pump protons across a membrane, to create a gradient or a high concentration of protons within the thylakoid lumen. ATPase enzyme catalyses the formation of ATP, along with the NADPH produced by.the movement of electrons, the ATP will be used immediately in the biosynthetic ’ reaction taking place in the stroma, responsible for fixing CO₂ and synthesis of sugars.

Government grant is treated as Revenue receipt receipt.

Partners current account is prepared when the partners maintain their capital under Fixed Capital Method.

Current liabilities → Creditors, Bills payable, Short term provisions, Short term borrowings.

Lanthanoids: 

1. 4f–orbital is progressively filled 

2. Magnetic properties are complex 

Actinoids: 

1. 5f–orbital is progressively filled 

2. Magnetic properties are more complex