Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The scientific study of soil is known as Pedology. 

The disintegration of rocks caused by plants, animals and human beings is called “Biological Weathering”.

(a) Plants: The roots of the plant grow through soil and in the cracks of rocks to find water and minerals. As the roots grow deep in the rock they widen and disintegrate the rocks. This process is most prominent in thick forests and vegetative regions. 

(b) Animals: The burrowing animals like rats, rabbits, ants, earthworms and termites influence in the breaking up of rocks and make passages below the ground. The seepage of air and water through these passage results in rapid weathering of rocks.

(c) Human beings: Human beings play an important role weathering of rocks, through activities like agriculture, mining quarrying, oil drilling, deforestation etc.

The tides which occur when the earth, sun and moon are more or less in a straight line

The scientific study of water bodies (Sea, Oceans) is called ‘Oceanography’.

Floods are caused by both natural and man-made factors. They are:

(a) Natural factors 

• Continuous rainfall for a long period 
• Cyclones 
• Obstruction on flow of river water.

(b) Man made factors: 

• Deforestation 
• Unscientific Agricultural practice 
• Urbanizatio

India is a peninsular country because it has water bodies on its three sides. The Indian ocean lies in the south, Arabian sea lies in the west and Bay of Bengal lies in the east. 

The Earth’s axis is not at right angle (perpendicular) to the plane of the elliptical orbit. The axis is inclined at an angle of 66 1/2° to the plane of the orbit. This is known as ‘Inclination of the Earth’s axis’.

A prominent break in the continuity of the Sahyadris is Palghat Gap.

The important hills stations are Shimla, Mussorie, Raniket, Nainital, Almora, Chakrata, Darjeling etc. 

1. The Luni 

2. The Sabarmati 

3. The Narmada 

4. The Sharavathi

Various gases, water vapour and dust particles

The point in the interior of the Earth from where the earthquake tremors originate is called the seismic focus. Earthquake tremors move from the focus in all directions. The point o the Earth’s surface vertically above the focus is called the epicenter. The Earthquake is felt first at the epicenter. 

(d)  Deodar.

• Shimla 
• Mussorie
• Darjeling 
• Nainital 

The Sutlej, Ravi, Jhelum, Chenab and the Beas are the major tributaries of Indus river.

Deep valleys with step, almost vertical walls are called canyons Waterfall: A vertical drop of water from a great height along the course of a river is called a waterfall.

(d)   Deodar.

It refers to the proper balance between the different organisms and their physical environment in the biosphere.

a. Brahmaputra : 

• Has a length of about 2900 km. 
• Joins the Bay of Bengal.

b. Godavari :

• Originates from Western Ghats – Nasik district of Maharashtra 
• Flows through Maharashtra, Telengana and Andhra.

• Pakistan and Afghanistan in the Northwest. 
• China, Nepal and Bhutan in the North. 
• Myanmar in the west, Bangladesh in the Northeast. 
• Srilanka and Maldives are in the South Oceanic Zone.

Weather is the average condition of the atmosphere at a particular place for short period. But climate is the average condition of the atmosphere over an area over a long period of time. Weather is described as sultry, cloudy, stormy, chilly, fine or mild etc. Climate is described as hot, cold, dry, humid and wet. 

8°4′ North to 37°6′ North latitude. 

68°7′ East to 97°25! east longitude. 

1. Tides helps fishing and other aquaculture activities. 

2. Tides promote salt production in the coastal areas. 

3. Tides promote the generation of tidal energy 

4. Tidal clean the entrance points, harbours and river mouths.

Weather: Frequent variation in the atmospheric condition can be called weather force. For Example: Changes taking place in a day. 

Climate: Long term variation in the atmospheric condition can be called climate. 

For example: Seasons.

In algebra, the greatest common divisor (frequently abbreviated as GCD) of two polynomials is a polynomial, of the highest possible degree, that is a factor of both the two original polynomials. 

1. Sodium chloride 

2. Magnesium chloride 

3. Magnesium Sulphate 

4. Calcium Sulphate

The total amount of dissolved solids in the ocean water is called salinity. The ocean’s salinity consists of various elements. They are Sodium chloride, Magnesium chloride, Magnesium sulphate, Calcium sulphate, potassium sulphate, Calcium carbonate, Magnesium bromide etc.

Brahmaputra flows through Tibet first and enters India and flow 725KM through India and enters Bangladesh Ganga is the longest river flowing through India. It joins Brahmaputra after entering Bangladesh.

1. Physical Geography. 

The field of physical geography is wide as it includes the study of the entire surface of the earth and also its physical and biological process as well as their morphology. Modern geography has witnessed the development of many branches and some of them even grown into separate disciplines.

Some of the important branches of physical geography are as follows:

• Geomorphology: It is a systematic study of landforms, such as mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, etc. 
• Climatology: Climatology encompasses the study of structure of atmosphere and elements of climates and climatic types and regions. 
• Meteorology: The scientific study of atmosphere condition is called meteorology. 
• Pedology: It is the scientific study of soil formation, structure, texture, chemical composition and their influence on plant growth.
• Hydrology: Hydrology studies the realm of water over the surface of the earth including oceans, lakes, rivers and other water bodies and its effect on different life. 
• Seismology: It is the study of Earthquakes, their effects and distribution. 
• Astronomical Geography: It is the study of heavenly bodies of the space like planets, satellites, stars etc in relation to the earth. 
• Volcanology: It is the scientific study of tectonic process of volcanoes. 
• Astronomical geography: It is the study of heavenly bodies of the space like planets, satellites, stars etc in relation to the earth.
• Bio-geography: It is the systematic study of the distribution of plants and animals. 
• Hydrology: The study of water on the earth’s land is known as hydrology. 
• Oceanography: The study of waves, tides and currents and the other characteristics of oceans, known as oceanography.

2. Human geography: It deals with man and his activities particularly cultural environment factors on man made factors, Important among them are culture, Society, agriculture, mining, industry, transport forming trade population etc.

Some of the important grander of Human geography are as fallows:

(1) Political geography: It deals with spatial unit, people distribution, political behavior, political divisions etc.

(2) Economic geography: It refers to basic attributes of the economy such as production, distribution exchange of goods and consumption. It deals with the spatial aspects of production, distribution and consumption and also helps on understanding the most proper location for establishing different human activities.

(3) Commercial Geography: It deals with the spatial distribution of trade and commercial practices etc.

(4) Population Geography: It helps to understand the distribution, growth density, migration and various other components of population.

On the basis latitude and temperature two types of ocean currents are identified. They are:

• Warm Currents: These are the high temperature ocean currents flowing from the equatorial regions to Polar Regions. 
• Cold currents: These are the cool ocean currents flowing from Polar Regions to equatorial regions.

South-west monsoon winds enter the Indian subcontinent after bifurcating due to the peculiar shape of peninsular India. The Arabian sea branch enters the western coast and brings rainfall to the western coasted area. The Bay of Bengal branch enters India through odishe and Sudarban delta and again bifurcates and brings rainfall to northeastern.

Karakoram range, Ladakh range and Zaskar range.

Madhya Pradesli (44.8%) is the highest and Haryana state 2.6% is the lowest forest areas in the country.

(d) the mountain stages of these rivers lie in India

Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area 
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation. 
• Rainfed only

The Luni, Sabarmati, Tapi, Kali, Sharavathi, Netravati, Peryiar are the major west flowing rivers.

(a) Subarnarekha, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Pennar, Cauvery and Vaigai

The average forest cover of the country is 22.50%

The Temperate zone: In between the Torrid and the frigid zones i.e., between 23Y20N and South and 66V20N and S lies the Temperate Zone. ¡n this zone the sun’s rays fall obliquely and hence the region experiences a moderate climate. 

Equatorial diameter of the Earth is 12,75tton and Polar diameter of the Earth is 12,714km

Marble, Diamond, Quartzite, Ruby, Emerald are the examples of metamorphic rock.

The highest peak of Penisular plateau is Anaimudi (2695m) situated in Annamalai hills of Kerala.

Earth’s Interior : 

The Earth is divided into three main layers. The dense, hot inner core (yellow), the molten outer core (orange), the mantle (red), and the thin crust (brown), which supports all life in the known universe.

A volcano is an opening in the crust of the Earth through which heated materials consisting of gases, hot water, lava and fragments of rocks are ejected from the interior of the Earth.

The distribution maps, where the dot method is applied to show the distribution of economic phenomena e.g. population, agricultural crops, industries etc. Dots of uniform size are used where each dot represents a certain number or quantity.

Narcondam in Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

The whole sum of surrounding external conditions within which an organism, a community or an object exists is called Environment.

Carbonation is very active in limestone regions.

Geographical Information System.