Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

•  Endoplasmic reticulum 
•  Golgi bodies 
•  Lysosomes 
•  Vacuole

The Calvin cycle can be described under three stages: carboxylation, reduction and regeneration.

1. Carboxylation – Carboxylation is the fixation of CO₂ into a stable organic intermediate. Carboxylation is the most crucial step of the Calvin cycle where CO₂ is utilised for the carboxylation of RuBP.

This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase which results in the formation of two molecules of 3-A. Since this enzyme also has an oxygenation activity it would be more correct to call it RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase or RuB is CO.

2. Reduction – These are a series of reactions that lead to the formation of glucose. The steps involve utilisation of 2 molecules of ATP for phosphorylation and two of NADPH for reduction per CO₂ molecule fixed. The fixation of six molecules of CO₂ and 6 turns of the cycle are required for the removal of one molecule of glucose from the pathway.

3. Regeneration – Regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor molecule RuBP is crucial if the cycle is to continue uninterrupted. The regeneration steps require one ATP for phosphorylation to form RuBP.

• Long day plants – the plants in which the flowering requires the exposure of light for a period exceeding a well defined critical duration 
• Short day plants – the flowering in plants require the exposure of light for a period less than a well defined critical duration 
• Day-neutral plants – the flower induction occur in these plants irrespective of the critical duration of light exposure

A. True Both are around 5 mmol/litre. 

B. True The urinary concentration of urea is many times that in plasma. 

C. False 50 per cent of the filtered urea is passively reabsorbed; the rise in tubular concentration can be explained by the reabsorption of water. 

D. False It rises but would not double in concentration. 

E. True It causes an osmotic diures is. 

A. False The reflex centres are in the sacral cord; their activity is modulated by higher centres. 

B. True This breaks the reflex arc. 

C. False Parasympathetic nerves are motor to the detrusor muscle. 

D. False Valves where the ureters enter the bladder do not allow such reflux. 

E. True During ejaculation, sympathetic activity constricts the bladder neck sphincter and prevents retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder.

1. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

2. The pituitary gland release the hypothalamic hormone ADH and its is transported to the kidney. The presence of ADH makes the tubules permeable to water. Thus the water is conserved or excreted according to the presence of fluid level in the body.

1. Diabetes insipidus

2. ADH

1. Amount of water in the body is low in summer season and increase its quantity in winter season. In summer season water lose is very high due to various reasons like evaporation. So body eliminate less amount of water through urine to conserve water in the body 

2. ADH or vasopressin

Male and female cockroach can be identified with the help of following differences:

D. A is false, but R is true.

Selected Index property is used to set for specifying the contents of the list.

Haemodialysis. The haemodialyser has a cellophane tube bathed in a fluid with ionic concentration similar to that of plasma. The process of separation of small solutes from macromolecular colloids is done hereby the process of diffusion. So the blood will be free from urea, uric acid and creatinine.

In ureotelic animals, urea is produced in Liver

1. Thalamus 

2. Sedative pills work in the Thalamus and prevent the transmission of impulses to cerebrum. Depress brain activity produce feelings of calmness, relaxation, drowsiness and deep sleep.

1. True 

2. More intelligent forms like mammals especially primates have more convolutions than lower forms

1. ADH 

2. Gout 

3. Aldosterone 

4. Hemodialysis

1. Sino-atrial node (SAN) 

2. Cardiac impulse originates from SAN. 

3. AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers. 

4. SAN → AVN → Bundle of His→ Purkinje fibers→ Ventricle

1. False – Flame cells are the excretory structures in at worms. 

2. True 

3. False – Blood is present in cockroach. It is colourless. 

4. True

(b) Vasopressin

(c) CO₂ and H₂O 

The pH of human urine is approximately 6

1. Flame cells

2. Nephridia 

3. Protonephridia

(c) Ammonotelic ____ Tadpole

(b) Inside the kidney the cortical region extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal pelvis.

TSH: all others are the hormones regulate urine formation.

The citric acid cycle (CAC) – also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A script is a list of commands that are embedded in a web page and are interpreted and executed by the scripting engine. The process of creating and embedding scripts in a web page is known as web scripting.

A Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit organization created for the purpose of supporting free software movement.

A computer exclusively reserved for server’s job and its only job is to help workstations to access data, software and hardware resources. The term “dedicated server” can also mean a single computer within a network that is reserved for a specific purpose.

Correct option is D) idea

EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Environment) is a faster version of GSM designed to deliver data at rates up to 384 Kbps and enable the delivery of multimedia and other broadband applications to mobile phone and computer users.

The new operator in C++, allocates memory dynamically.

The array of class type is known as array of objects.
For example:
classname object[5];

The NOR (Not OR) gate has two or more input signals with one output. If all the inputs are 0, then output is 1 in NOR gate.

The expansion of POST is Power On Self Test.

Network security refers to any activities designed to protect the network and related. activities. It protects the usability, reliability, integrity, and safety of network and data. Good network security identifies variety of threats and stops them from entering or spreading on network.

The network security concerns with allowing only legal or authorized users and programs to gain access to information resources like databases. It also ensures that properly authenticated users get access only to those resources that they are supposed to use.

Many network security threats today are spread over the Internet. The most common include:

• Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses
• Spyware and adware
• Zero-day attacks also called zero-hour attacks
• Hacker attacks
• Denial of service attacks
• Data interception and theft
• Identity theft

A network security system usually consists of many components. Ideally, all components work together, which minimizes maintenance and improves security.

Network security components include:

• Anti-virus and anti-spyware
• Firewall, to block unauthorized access to your network
• Intrusion prevention systems (IPS), to identify fast-spreading threats, such as zero-day or zero-hour attacks
• Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), to provide secure remote access
  The network security make use of variety of resources like user name, password, encrypted smart cards, biometrics, and firewalls to protect resources.

The built-in functions associated with GROUP functions in SQL are

1. COUNT function:
returns the count of records that satisfies the condition for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, COUNT(*)FROM employees WHERE salary > 25000 GROUP BY department;

2. MAX function:

returns the maximum values from the column for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, MAX(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department;

3. MIN function:

returns the lowest values from the column for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, MIN(salary)FROM employees GROUP BY department;

4. AVG function:

returns the average values from the column for each group of records. SELECT AVG(cost) FROM products WHERE category = ‘Clothing’;

5. SUM function:

returns the total values from the column for each group of records.
Example:
SELECT department, SUM(sales)FROM order_details GROUP BY department;

DISTINCT function:

returns the once occurrence of many repeated values from the column for each group of records.
SELECT AVG(DISTINCT cost)FROM products WHERE category = ‘Clothing’;

Getters are the methods which extract some information from the object and return it to the program. 

Setters are the methods which set some properties of the object so that the object's appearance changes.

It is a special function used to release the memory space allocated by the object.

• Name of the Destructor is similar to the class, which it belongs.
• It does not have argument(s) and doesn’t return any value (no return type)
• Destructor is preceded by ~ (tilde) sign.
  Following points should be kept in mind while defining and writing the syntax for the destructor:
• A destructor function must be declared with the same name as that of the class too. which it belongs.
• The first character of the destructor name must begin with a tilde (~).
• A destructor function is declared with no return types specified (not even void).
• A destructor function must have public access in the class declaration.

General Syntax of Destructors:
~ classname();
The above is the general syntax of a destructor. In the above, the symbol tilde ~ represents a destructor that precedes the name of the class.

The basic functions are essential to the existence of the office. These include collecting, processing, recording, storing and furnishing information. The administrative functions are organisation of office activities, control of stationery, purchase of equipment, safe guarding of assets, management of personnel etc

The column Name has NOT NULL constraint

NUMBER OF ROWS IN A TABLE

1. Inheritance:

Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived class, from existing or base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class. Using Inheritance some qualities of the base classes are added to the newly derived class, apart from its own features. Inheritance permits code reusability. The different types of inheritance are single inheritance, multilevel inheritance, multiple inheritance, hierarchical inheritance, and hybrid inheritance.

2. Polymorphism:

The polymorphism is ability of an object to take more than one form in different instances. For example, one function name can be used for different purposes. Similarly, same operator can be used for different operations. There are of two types one is the “compile time polymorphism” and other one is the “run-time polymorphism”. The polymorphism is implemented using function overloading and operator overloading in C++.

Web hosting means to put web-site content on a Web server and provide fast connection to the internet.

The different type of web-hosting are:

1. Free Hosting
2. Virtual or Shared Hosting
3. Dedicated Hosting
4. Colocation Hosting