Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Osteoporosis 

2. reasons for the above disorder 

• Imbalance of hormones like thyrocalcitonin, parathyroid and sex hormones. 
• Deficiency of calcium and Vitamin D.

Statement 1 is incorrect. The number of cervical vertebrae is seven in all mammals including human beings.

Ribs are attached to llium

1. Knee joint, Hip Joint 

2. Hinge joint, Ball and Socket joint

1. Last 2 pairs of ribs are not connected ventrally to the sternum. There ribs are called floating ribs. 

2. First seven pairs of ribs are called true ribs. Dorsally, they pre attached to the thoracic vertebrae and ventrally connected to the sternum with the help of hyaline cartilage.

Muscle contraction begins when a nerve impulse reaches at the neuromuscular junction. During this time the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca²⁺ . The Ca²⁺ binds with the specific site of the troponin of the actin filament.

This causes a conformational change in the troponin molecule and expose the active site on the actin molecule. Myosin lament binds with the active site of actin and there is formation a cross bridge. By the movement of cross bridge contraction occurs.

The contraction is followed by relaxation and it occurs when Ca²⁺ in pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. As a result, the troponin molecules became free to mask the active site of the myosin head.

Ulna will happen

• Shoulder joint – Ball and socket joint 
• Elbow joint – Hinge joint

Amoeboid, ciliary and muscular and flagellar movement.

1. Flagellar movement 

2. Whip like movement of the tail and the middle piece of the sperm

Answer: Folic acid

Diagnosis is Gout .

In an infant, there are 33 vertebrae in the vertebral column. Five of these bones fuse to form the sacrum and four of other join to become the coccyx. As a result, an adult vertebral column has 26 vertebrae.

1. Skeletal muscle 

2. No. For muscle contraction to occur, presence of Ca⁺⁺ ions intracellularly is needed.

True. A band or anisotropic band is the region where both thick laments and thin laments are present. During muscular contraction, the length of thick lament or thin lament does not change.

(a) Axial 

(b) Vertebral column 

(c) 12 

(d) One

(c) Amoeboid movement

Muscle contraction is initiated by a signal sent by the central nervous system (CNS) via a motor neuron. A motor neuron along with the muscle fibers connected to it constitute a motor unit. The junction between a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of the muscle fibers is called the neuromuscular junction or motor end plate.

1. A neural signal reaching this junction releases a neurotransmitter (Acetylcholine) which generates an action potential in the sarcolemma. This spreads through the muscle fibers and causes the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm. 

2. Increase in Ca²⁺ level leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin. 

3. Utilising the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. This pulls the attached actin laments towards the centre of ‘A’ band. 

4. The 7’ line attached to these actions are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction. 

5. It is clear from the above steps, that during shortening of the muscle, i.e., contraction, the T bands get reduced, whereas the A’ bands retain the length. 

6. The myosin, releasing the ADP and PI goes back to its relaxed state. A new ATP binds and the cross-bridge is broken. The ATP is again hydroysed by the myosin head and the cycle of cross bridge formation and breakage is repeated causing further sliding. 

7. The process continues till the Ca²⁺ ions are pumped back to the sarcoplasmic cisternae resulting in the masking of actin laments. This causes the return of 7 lines back to their original position, i.e., relaxation.

(a) Light band

(b) Dark band 

(c) Sarcomere

(d) Atherosclerosis

1. They give a birds eye view of the entire data at a glance. 

2. They can be remembered for a longer period. 

Let A = {-18,-9,0,9,18,27}

= {x_n|x_n = x_n-1 + 9, x₁ = -18 & i ≤ n ≤ 6}

or

A = {x|x is a multiple of 9 }

= {9x |x∈ [-2,3]}

• Histogram 
• Frequency polygon
• Frequency curve 
• Ogives.

1. Regression coefficients are independent of the origin but dependent on the scale. 

2. The geometric mean of two regression co-efficients is numerically equal to the coefficient of correlation.

i.e. γ = ± √(bxy x byx).

1. Regression co-efficients are independent of the origin but dependent on the scale. 

2. The geometric mean of the two regression co-efficients is numericilly equal to the co-efficient of correlation ie, γ = ± √(bxy x byx).

Secondaty data are those which are collated already by some other persons and which are published in Journals, magazines, news papers etc.

• Secondary data mas be published unpublished. 
• Publisheds official publications of the state and Central Govt. 
• Foreign or international bodies sockets UNO, INF, etc. 
• Unpublished sources: Govt records, municipal offices, research records etc.

Number of classes (K) = 1 + 3.22 10g N. ; N – Number of observations.

Following are the causes of distrust of statistics : 

• Figures can easily be believed. 
• Quoting only figures for reference. 
• Ignoring the limitations of statistics. 
• Inadequate and improper samples for verification. 
• Untrained and lack of knowledge in statistics.

1. They can be remembered for longer period of time. 

2. They facilitates comparison.

Histogram is a pictorial representation of graphs of frequency distribution by means of adjacent rectangles, whose areas are proportional to the frequencies represented. 

Number assigned for every unit for identification of different categories is called nominal scale.

Let X is a discrete random variable with respective probability 

P(X): P(X=x), then P(X) is called p.m.f. if :

• P(x) ≥ 0 for all value of x
•  ΣP(X) = l

Index number is a statistical measure, designed to show an average change in a variable or group of related variables with respect to time, geographical area or income group etc.

Can be take 0,1.

The graph of actual values of time series is called Histogram.

P (getting anewen number) = m/n = 3/6 = 1/2.

Sales person can keep accounts alive by calling on existing customers and keeping in regular touch with them.

cov (x, y) = E(x y) – E(x). E(y) = 8 – 3.5 × 2 = 8 – 7= 1.

Functions to be performed by Taranjeet

• Long-term planning 
• Coordinating all functional areas 
• Controlling, to ensure achievement of targets

Minimum number of parties required for negotiation to take place is TWO.

AMC is an agreement signed between the organization and the customer where the organization promises to provide after sales services for certain duration at nominal costs.

The characteristics of statistis are : 

• Aggregates of facts 
• Affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes. 
• Numerically empressed.
• Enumerated or estimated according to a reasonable standards of accuracy. 
• Collected in a systematic manner 
•  Collected for predetermined purpose 
• Should be placed in relation to each other