Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Personal: Different prices are charged for different individuals. 

For example, the railways give tickets at concessional rate to the ‘Senior citizens’ for the same journey. 

2. Geographical: Different prices are charged at different places for the same product. 

For example, a book sold within India at a price is sold in a foreign countiy at lower price.

Correct option: a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Correct option: c) A is correct but R is incorrect

During the cold-weather season of India, low pressure systems develop over the Mediterranean sea and travel towards east under the influence of jet streams and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North plains, especially in Punjab. This is known as western disturbance. This is most suitable for the cultivation of rabi crops like wheat and barley.

• Winter 
• The low pressure originating over the Mediterranean Sea moves eastwards due to the jet streams and reaches India. This causes rainfall in the northern plains, especially in the Punjab region.

Total revenue is equal to total output sold multiplied by Price.

The northeast monsoon season is a transition period between rainy season and the forthcoming winter season. This season experienced in the months of October and November makes the days unbearable due to high temperature and humidity.

The high temperature and humidity experienced all over India during this time make the daytime very uncomfortable or sultry. This phenomenon is called October heat.

Correct option: b) Factory overheads

(b) Very low

During the cold-weather season of India, cyclones originating in the Mediterranean sea shift towards east under the influence of jet streams and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North plains, especially in Punjab. This is known as western disturbance. This is much beneficial for the cultivation of rabi crops like wheat and barley.

The Correct Answer is Nickel, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium.

• Non-ferrous metal is a metal that does not contain iron in appreciable amounts.
• Non-ferrous metals include aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, and tin, as well as precious metals like gold and silver.
• Non-ferrous metals have low weight (e.g. aluminum), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property, or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc).
• Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries.
• For example, bauxite is used as a flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite, and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys.

• Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel.
• Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content from about 0.05% up to 3.8% by weight. 
• Carbon steel contains iron.

(c) Sunk cost

Alfred Marshall defines consumer’s surplus as “the excess of price which a person would be willing to pay a thing rather than go without the thing, over that which he actually does pay is the economic measure of this surplus satisfaction. This may be called consumers surplus”.

Cyclones originating in the Mediterranean sea shift towards east.

The correct answer is Gujarat.

• Hazira is a suburb and a transshipment port in the Surat City in the Gujarat state of India.

• Some famous ports of Maharashtra are Mumbai Port and Jawaharlal Nehru Port both are located in Mumbai.
• Some famous ports of Andhra Pradesh are Vishakhapatnam Port in Vishakhapatnam District and Kakinada Port in Eat Godavari District.
• Some famous ports of Kerala are Cochin Port and Vizhinam Port.
• There are 42 ports  (operational and commercial cargo ports) in Gujarat. 
• Some of the Major ports in Gujarat are Mundra, Jamnagar (Sikka), Okha (Porbandar), Bhavnagar, Hazira, etc.

Jarvis is the Mark Zuckerberg's artificial intelligence imbued butler who now even plays with his family.

The "Iron Man" film inspired Mark Zukerberg to take on this personal project to which he devoted around 100 hours.

1. Opportunity cost refers to the cost of next best alternative use. In other words, it is the value of the next best alternative foregone. 

2. For example, a farmer can cultivate both paddy and sugarcane in a farm land.

3. If he cultivates paddy, the opportunity cost of paddy output is the amount of sugarcane output given up. 

4. Opportunity Cost is also called as “Alternative Cost” or Transfer cost.

Kavaratti

Kavaratti is the capital of Lakshadweep.

Causes for Rural Poverty: 

1. Unequal distribution of Land: The distribution of land is highly skewed in rural areas. Therefore, majority of rural people work as hired labour to support their families.

2. Lack of Non – Farm Employment: Non – farm employment opportunities do not match the increasing labour force. The excess supply of labour in rural areas reduces the wages and increases the incidence of poverty.

3. Lack of public sector Investment: The root cause of rural poverty in our country is lack of public sector investment on human resource development.

4. Inflation: Steady increase in prices affects the purchasing power of the rural poor leading to rural poverty.

5. Low productivity: Low productivity of rural labour and farm activities is a cause as well as the effect of poverty.

6. Unequal Benefit of Growth: Major gains of economic development are enjoyed by the urban rich people leading to concentration of wealth. Due to defective economic structure and policies, gains of growth are not reaching the poor and the contributions of poor people are not accounted properly.

7. Low Rate of Economic Growth: The rate of growth of India is always below the target and it has benefited the rich. The poor are always denied of the benefits of the achieved growth and development of the country.

8. More Emphasis on Large Industries: Huge investment in large industries catering to the needs of middle and upper classes in urban areas are made in India. Such industries are capitalintensive and do not generate more employment opportunities. Therefore, poor are not in a position to get employed and to come out from the poverty in villages.

9. Social evils: Social evils prevalent in the society like custom, beliefs, etc., increase unproductive expenditure.

1. Marginal Revenue [MR] is the addition to the total revenue by the sale of an additional unit of a commodity. 

2. MR can be found out by dividing change in total revenue by the change in quantity sold out. 

3. MR = ∆TR/∆Q where MR denotes Marginal Revenue, ∆TR denotes change in Total Revenue and ∆Q denotes change in total quantity.

4. The other method of estimating MR is:

MR = TR_n – TR_n-1 (or) TR_n+1 – TR_n

Where, MR denotes Marginal Revenue,

TR_n denotes total revenue of n^th item

TR_n-1 , denotes Total Revenue of n – 1^th item and

TR_n+1 denotes Total Revenue of n + 1^th item

If TR = PQ , MR = dTR/dQ = P, which is equal to AR.

The correct answer is A.

• Every year on 4 February, World Cancer Day is celebrated.
• The theme of 2021 World Cancer Day is I Am and I Will.
• It is celebrated to raise awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment.
• World Cancer Day is led by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) to support the goals of the World Cancer Declaration, written in 2008. 
• The primary goal of World Cancer Day is to significantly reduce illness and death caused by cancer.

Some important days of February are -

1. World Wetland day - 2 February.
2. World Cancer Day - 4 February.
3. International Mother language Day - 21 February.
4. World NGO Day- 27 February.
5. National Science Day - 28 February.
6. Rare Disease Day - 28/29 February.

Real Cost refers to the payment made to compensate the efforts and sacrifices of all factor owners for their services in production. Real Cost includes the efforts and sacrifices of landlords in the use of land, capitalists to save and invest, and workers in foregoing, leisure. Real cost are considered pains and sacrifices of labour as real cost of production.

The correct answer is Agartala.

• The Ujjayanta Palace located in Agartala,Tripura.
• Ujjayanta Palace is a museum that was constructed between 1899 and 1901.
• Maharaja Raja Kishore Debabarma had built this palace.
• The palace was inspired by the European style.
• The palace is surrounded by gardens.
• The seat of the ruling Malikya dynasty was in this palace until Tripura was not merged into India in 1949.
• The government of Tripura had purchased the palace from the royal family in the amount of 2.5 million rupees.
• The art, culture, tradition and crafts of people of north-east India is shown by this museum now.

Disinvestment means selling of government securities of Public Sector Undertakings [PSUs] to other PSUs or Private Sectors or banks. This process has not been fully implemented.

The correct answer is Shipra.

• Kaliadeh Palace is located on the banks of the Shipra river in Ujjain.
• The palace was built by the Sultan of Mandu in 1458 A.D.
• The palace was damaged by Pindaris during the Pindari war but was restored by Maharaja Sir Madho Rao Scindia of Gwalior in 1920.

Shipra

• The Shipra is a river in Madhya Pradesh.
• The river rises in the North of the Dhar district and flows north across the Malwa Plateau to join the Chambal River at the MP-Rajasthan boundary in the Mandsaur district.
• Ujjain is situated on its east bank.

Narmada river

• Narmada river forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India.
• Narmada river originates near the Amarkantak hill in the Anuppur District of eastern Madhya Pradesh.
• The basin covers large areas in the states of Madhya Pradesh (86%), Gujarat (14%), and a comparatively smaller area (2%) in Maharashtra.
• The Bhimbetka caves are located in a dyke of the Narmada valley at about 45 km northeast of Bhopal.

Ken

• The Ken River originates near village Ahirgawan on the north-west slopes of Kaimur Range in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
• It travels a distance of 427 km, before merging with the Yamuna at Chilla village, near Fatehpur in Uttar Pradesh.

Chambal

• The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River.
• The river flows through Madhya Pradesh, running for a time through Rajasthan, then forming the boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh before turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.

(c) Getting new slide

Real Cost refers to the payment made to compensate the efforts and sacrifices of all factor owners for their services in production. Real Cost includes the efforts and sacrifices of landlords in the use of land, capitalists to save and invest, and workers in foregoing leisure. Real cost are considered pains and sacrifices of labour as real cost of production.

The port of London situated on the banks of the River Thames from the capital to the North Sea.

1. Labour is the active factor of production. 

2. In common parlance, labour means manual labour or unskilled work. But in Economics the term ‘labour’ has a wider meaning. 

3. It refers to any work undertaken for securing an income or reward. Such work may be manual or intellectual. 

For example, the work done by an agricultural worker or a cook dr rickshaw puller or a mason is manual.

4. The work of a doctor or teacher or an engineer is intellectual. 

5. In short, labour in economics refers to any type of work performed by a labourer for earning an income.

1. Land 

2. Labour 

3. Capital and 

4. Organisation

1. Land: In Economics, land means all gifts of Nature owned and controlled by human beings which yield an income. 

2. Labour: Labour means manual labour or unskilled work. 

3. Capital: “Capital consists of all kinds of wealth other than free gifts of nature, which yield income”. Bohm – Bawerk defines it as ‘a produced means of production’. 

4. Organisation: The man behind organizing the business is called as ‘Organizer’ or ‘Entrepreneur’.

(d) All the above

Oceanica is a region located in South Pacific, which consists of sub-regions of Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia.and Australasia including countries Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, etc. The primary continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. Oceania consists of 14 countries ( UN Members ), 2 not UN Member Countries and 27 other territories.

The PQLI was developed by Morris .

The correct answer is Savitribai Phule.

• Savitribai Phule was born on 3 January 1831 at Naigaum (Satara, Maharashtra).
• She was married to Jyotiba Phule at the age of nine.
• Savitribai received early education from her husband and started teaching other women in society.
• After completing her teacher's training, she along with her husband established the first women's school in 1848.
• She worked against gender and caste-based discrimination and was a great advocate of women's education. 
• She became a prolific writer and published two books:

1. Kavya Phule (1854)
2. Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar (1892).

• She also wrote the poem entitled, 'Go, Get Education' to inspire the oppressed section of the Indian population to obtain a basic formal education.

The Correct Answer is Wood Pigeon.

• State Bird of Andaman and Nicobar is Wood Pigeon.
• Andaman Wood Pigeon is an endemic bird, which is found only in the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands.
• This bird is of the size of a domestic pigeon with a longer tail
• This bird has a whitish head with a checkerboard pattern on the neck.
• The upperparts are dark slate grey in color and the underparts are pale blue-grey 
• The metallic green sheen on the upper side and reddish bill with yellowish tip and purplish-red orbital skin are identification characters.
• The bird lives in a dense broadleaved evergreen forest.

The Correct Answer is Dugong.

• State Animal of Andaman and Nicobar is Dugong.
• Dugong, an endangered marine mammal, also known as Sea Cow, is only a strictly marine mammal, which is herbivorous.
• It mainly feeds on sea-grass and other aquatic vegetation.
• The dugong is distributed in shallow tropical waters in Indo-Pacific Region.
• The animal is about the three-meter length and weighs about 400 kg.
• In India Dugong is reported from the Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Mannar, Palk Bay, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. 
• Within A&N Islands Dugong has been reported from Ritchie”s Archipelago, North Reef, Little Andaman, and parts of Nicobars.

The Correct Answer is Khajuraho.

• The Kandariya Mahadeva Temple "the Great God of the Cave" is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh.
• Kandariya Mahadeo temple at Khajuraho is the epitome of temple architecture in Central India.
• The Kandariya Mahadeva temple was built during the reign of Vidyadhara (r. c. 1003-1035 CE).

• Khajuraho’s temples are also known for their extensive erotic sculptures.
• The Lakshmana temple of Khajuraho, dedicated to Vishnu, was built in 954 by the Chandela king, Dhana.
• It is a nagara temple placed on a high platform accessed by stairs.

The Correct Answer is 572.

• At the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India comprising 572 islands, 37 of which are inhabited.

The Correct Answer is 3.

• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are divided into three districts:-
• South Andaman
• North and Middle Andaman. 
• Map of Andmana and Nicobar:-

Peshwa Baji Rao II

Union Finance Secretary signature is found on a Rs One currency note.

Andhra Pradesh is historically called the “Rice Bowl of India”, although the same term is also used for Chhattisgarh.

One Hundred Rupee bears the Reserve Bank of India Governor's Signature.

Sir Cyril Radcliffe

(a) India and China

The correct answer is 1 - iv, 2 - iii, 3 - ii, 4 - i.

• Nilgiri Hills are situated in Tamil Nadu.
  • Doddabetta is the highest peak of the Nilgiri hills.
  • Nilgiri hills are a part of the Western Ghats.
  • The hills are located at the tri-junction of the states Karnataka, Kerela, and Tamil Nadu.
  • These mountains are named after the Neelakurunji flowers (purplish-blue flowers) found in the Shola forests of Nilgiri hills.
  • Nilgiri Hills are known as the Blue Mountains.
• Satpura range comprises Satpura, Mahadeo hills, and Maikala hills.
  • Dhoopgarh is the highest peak of Mahadeo hills (Satpura ranges) located in Madhya Pradesh.
  • The Satpura range rises in eastern Gujarat running east through the border of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and ends in Chhattisgarh.
• Mount Abu is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan state in western India. 
  • It is located in the Sirohi district.
  • The highest peak on the mountain is Guru Shikhar, at 1722 meters above sea level.
  • It is referred to as ‘an oasis in the desert, as its heights are home to rivers, lakes, waterfalls and evergreen forests.
• Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the world with a height of 8840 meters above the mean sea level.
  • It is known as Sagarmatha in Nepal and Chomolungma in Tibet.
  • It is named after a Surveyor General of India George Everest.
  • The peak is located in the Mahalangur sub-range of the Himalayas.

(c) Cyril Radcliffe