Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Pachytene 

2. The exchange of genes takes place between homologous chromosomes.

1. Crossing over 

2. Equatorial

In-plant cell cytokinesis occurs by cell plate formation while in the animal cell it occurs by cell furrow formation.

• Promotes adequacy of underground water and water conservation.
• Mitigates the effect of drought. 
• Improves groundwater quality and water table / decreases salinity.
• Reduces soil erosion as surface run-off water is reduced.

(a)G₁ 

(b) S 

(c)G₂ 

G₁ – Interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication. 

S – DNA synthesis or replication of DNA occurs.

G₂ – In this phase proteins are synthesised for mitosis.

(1) Provides self sufficiency to water supply. 

(2) Conserves valuable ground water. 

(3) Reduces cost for pumping ground water. 

(4) Reduces local flooding and drainage problems.

(4) In group 13 due to transition contraction [Al > Ga]

Ga is slightly smaller than Al due poor shielding of d e^– so Z_eff. increasing. 

Atomic size : B < Ga < Al < In < Tl 

Yes. Meiosis takes place in diploid cell or meiocyte to form four haploid cells. These cells contain 8 chromosomes each.

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis

1. phase of DNA synthesis 

2. stages of the cell cycle 

• Pachytene 
• Zygotene 
• Metaphase

1. (a) – Gametic meiosis 

2. (b) – Nuclear division 

3. (c) – Zygotic meiosis 

4. (d) – Cytoplasmic division 

5. (e) – Meiocytes 

6. (f) – Plant cells

1. Telophase 

2. Anaphase 

3. Interphase

1. Metaphase 

2. Anaphase

3. Pachytene

The actual reduction of chromosome number occurs in meiosis at Anaphase 1

Mitosis and meiosis

1. Metaphase 

2. Anaphase 

3. Metaphase I of meiosis 

4. Prophase I of meiosis

i) Oxidation reaction:

CH₃CH₂OH + 2[O] \(\overset{Alkane}{\underset{KMnO_4}{\longrightarrow}}\) CH₃COOH + H₂O

ii) Addition reaction:

CH₂ = CH₂ + H₂ \(\overset{Na}{\underset{KMnO_4}{\longrightarrow}}\) CH₃ - CH₃

iii) Substitution reaction:

CH₄ + Cl₂ \(\overset{Sunlight}{\longrightarrow}\) CH₃Cl + HCl

It is the reaction that forms soap when an ester reacts with water in the presence of base a salt of carboxylic acid and an alcohol are produced. Such a reaction is called saponification.

For example: When ethyl ethanote is heated with a solution of sodium hydroxide sodium ethanote and ethanol are produced.

CH₃COO C₂H₅ + NaOH → CH₃COONa + C₂H₅OH

Mitosis cell divisions occur in meristematic cell of root apex.

• Organ system level of organization 
• Bilaterally symmetrical 
• Triploblastic 
• Segmented body 
• Body is divisible into head,thorax and abdomen 
• Jointed appendages 
• Respiratory organs- gills,book gills,book lungs or tracheal systems 
• Circulatory system- open 
• Body cavity- haemocoel

Cells which are not dividing are likely to be at G₀.

Digestion of fats takes place in the small intestine the fats are digested by the digestive enzymes. The fats are present in the from of large globle in the small intestine. Bile juice secreted by the liver is produced in the intestine along with pancreatic juice. The bile salts present in the bile juice emulsify the large globles of fats.

So by emulsification large globles breakdown into fine globules to provide large surface area to act upon by the enzymes. Enzyme present in the pancratic juice cause breakdown of emulsified fats. Glands present in the wall of small intestine secretes intestinal juice which contains lipase enzyme that converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

D) Certain fungi and bacteria.

(c) Four chromatids and two centromere

B) Soft iron

(b) Equal division

(a) Sexual reproduction

The space surrounding a magnet in which magnetic force is exerted is called a magnetic filed. Magnetic field lines are the lines that are drawn at every point indicating the direction in which a north pole would move if placed at that point. They are determined by placing an imaginary hypothetical north pole at that point and finding the direction in which it would move due to the magnetic filed at that point of a compass needle gets deflected when placed near a magnet due to the magnetic force exerted by the magnet on it.

Some important properties of magnetic field lines are:

(i) The tangent drawn at any point on the field line indicates the direction in which a north pole would move if placed at that point

(ii) The relative strength of the field is proportional to the degree of closeness of the lines. The more clustered they are the stronger the field in the region.

(iii) The magnetic field lines never intersect. This is because a pole can move only in zone direction and if the lines intersect they would have to move in two direction simultaneously which is impossible.

D) Zinc blende.

(a) Homologous chromosomes separate

a) Collagen-inter cellular ground substance 

b) Trypsin- Enzyme 

c) Insulin- Hormone 

d) Antibody- Fight against microbes 

e) Receptor- Sensory

• The mechanism used for the translocation of sugar from source to sink end is called pressure flow or mass flow. 
• Glucose converted into sucrose then moved into the companion cells and then to sieve tube cells of phloem. 
• This process of loading at the source form the hypertonic condition in the phloem. 
• Water from the adjacent xylem moves into the phloem by osmosis. Osmotic pressure builds up in the phloem sap moves to area of lower pressure. 
• At the sink osmotic pressure must be reduced. The movement of sugar in the phloem begins at the source, where sugars are loaded into a sieve tube. 
• Loading of phloem set up a weaker potential gradient that facilitates the mass movement in the phloem. As hydrostatic pressure increased in the sieve tube, pressure flow begins and the sap moves through the phloem. Mean while at the sink incoming sugars are actively transported out of the phloem. The loss of solute reduces a high water potential in the phloem and water passes out returning eventually to xylem. 

DNA replication is necessary for cell division, and cell division cannot happen without DNA replication.

In anaphase of mitosis chromatids separate while in anaphase 1 of meiosis homologous chromosomes separate.

• Nodule formation involves a sequence of multiple interactions between Rhizobium and roots of the host plant. 
• Rhizobium bacteria contact a susceptible root hair, Divide near it. 
• Upon successful infection of the root hair cause it to curl. 
• Infected thread carries the bacteria to the inner cortex. The bacteria get modified into rod shaped bacteroids and cause inner cortical and pericycle cells to divide. Division and growth of cortical pericycle cells lead to nodule formation. 
• A mature nodule is complete with vascular tissues continues with those of the root.

A) I Guard cell, II stomatal pore, III chloroplast.

There cannot be mitosis without DNA replication in 5 phase of interphase because the trigger for mitosis is disturbance of nucleocytoplasmic ratio caused by DNA replication in S phase.

Mitosis restores the quantity of genetic material to the species-specific level.

The four whorls are -calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium.

The animals in which body cavity is absent are called acoelomates. 

Example: Tapeworm, Liver fluke.

Let n=number of cells in each row,
m=number of rows joined in parallel,
Therefore, mn=24  ..............(1)
Power output across load is maximum when R=nr/m
or 10=[n/m x 2]
or n=5m  ...........(2)
From (1) and (2), we get
m x 5m = 24
5m²=24

m² = 24/5

Now find the value of m and n you will get the answer.

According to NaCl structure  

so 'A' occupies 8 corners of the cubic unit cell which contribute 1/8 each to this cube  

 therefore 8*1/8 = 1   

also 6 face centered atoms contribute 1/2 to this cube   

therefore 6*1/2=3   

Therefore total contribution of atom'A' is 4   

Now B occupies octahedral voids(NaCl structure) which contribute 1/4  

 therefore 1+12*1/4 = 4   

So the formula is A4B4 or AB   

Now you are removing all the face centered atoms along one axis(any axis origin atcentre of cube)   

so the number of atoms removed from cube are 2   

so contribution from 'A' remains 8*1/8(corner atoms) + 4*1/2(facecentered atoms) = 3   

so the resultant becomes A3B4

Electrocardiograph.

Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dead plants and animals into ammonia is called ammonification.

2123 / 2123  .

When a plant cell kept in hypertonic solution the water moves out of the cell as a result cell membrane (protoplast) shrinks is called plasmolysis.

• GH- induces growth and protein metabolism 
• TSH- regulates thyroid gland function 
• ACTH- regulates adrenal gland functions. 
• FSH- stimulates oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
• LH – regulates ovulation 
• CSH – regulates secretion of androgen. 
• MSH – regulates pigmentation. 
• ADH or Vasopresin – regulates water balance. 
• Oxytocin – controls uterine contraction and milk ejection.

Genus is a group of related species which has more common characters in comparison to species of other genera.

Answer is 166.16 mins.

Explanation:

we have the relation between the half life and the rate constant as half life 

t_1/2=.693/k 

k is the rate constant 

or k=.693/t_1/2 =.693/25 min^-1 

=2.772*10^-2 min^-1  

time required for 25% completion 

k=2.303/t x log (initial conc/final conc) 

2.772*10^-2=2.303/t x log (100/1) 

t=166.16 min