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Vitamin B₁₂ is synthesized by Bacteria only.

(C)  Thiamine 

Vitamin synthesized by bacterial in the intestine is K.

Vitamin C enhances the intestinal absorption of Iron. 

Vitamin B₁₂ has a complex ring structure (corrin ring) consisting of four Pyrrole rings.

Vitamin D absorption is increased in Acid pH of intestine.

Pyridoxal phosphate is a cofactor of L-histidine decarboxylase. 

The structure shown below is of Cholecalciferol.

Carr-Price reaction is used to detect Vitamin A.

Retinoic acid is involved in the synthesis of Glycoproteins.

Retinoic acid participates in the synthesis of Glycoprotein.

Vitamin A is stored in the body in Liver.

Retinal is a component of Rhodopsin.

On exposure to light rhodopsin forms All trans-retinal.

Folate deficiency causes Megaloblastic anemia.

Prosthetic group in cone cell photo treceptors is 11-cis-retinal.

Rhodopsin contains opsin and 11-cis-retinal.

Retina contains this photo sensitive pigment Rhodopsin.

Retina contains this photosensitive pigment Rhodopsin.

(B) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase

Thiamin is oxidized to thiochrome in alkaline solution by  Potassium ferricyanide.

Thiamin is heat stable in Acidic medium.

Correct option: All of these

Explanation:

The earliest symptoms of thiamin deficiency include constipation, appetite suppression, nausea as well as mental depression, peripheral neuropathy and fatigue. Chronic thiamin deficiency leads to more severe neurological symptoms including ataxia, mental confusion and loss of eye coordination. Other clinical symptoms of prolonged thiamin deficiency are related to cardiovascular and muscular defects. The severe thiamin deficiency disease is known as Beriberi.

Convulsions and delirium could be caused by a severe deficiency of Magnesium.

(C) Hypochromic microcytic anemia

(C) Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Convulsive episodes occur when there is a severe deficiency of Folic acid.

Pyridoxin deficiency may lead to convulsions as it is needed for the synthesis of GABA.

Pyridoxine deficiency may lead to convulsions as it is needed for the synthesis of GABA.

Metastatic classification is seen in hypervitaminos is A.

Hypervitaminosis K in neonates may cause Jaundice.

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide given in the treatment of tuberculosis may lead to a deficiency of Pyridoxin.

Metastatic calcification is seen in hypervitaminosis D.

Bowlegs and knock-knees can occur in Rickets.

Deficiency of vitamin D causes Ricket and osteomalacia.

Calcification of soft tissues can occur in Hypervitaminosis D.

Correct option: (D) Both (A) and (B)

Explanation:

The main symptom of vitamin D deficiency in children is rickets and in adults is osteomalacia. Rickets is characterized by improper mineralization during the development of the bones resulting in soft bones. Osteomalacia is characterized by demineralization of previously formed bone leading to increased softness and susceptibility to fracture.

Folic acid deficiency can be diagnosed by increased urinary excretion of Figlu.

(C) Methyl malonic acid

Correct option: Night blindness

Explanation:

Deficiency in Vitamin C leads to the disease scurvy due to the role of the vitamin in the post translationa modification of collagens. Scurvy is characterized by easily bruised skin, muscle fatigue, soft swollen gums, decreased wound healing and hemorraging, osteoporosis and anemia.

Correct option: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Explanation:

The liver can store up to six years worth of vitamin B₁₂, hence deficiencies in this vitamin are rare. Penicious anemia is a megaloblastic anemia resulting from vitamin B₁₂ deficiency that develops as a result a lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach leading to malabsorption of the vitamin.

(C) Methylmalonic acid

Deficiency of thiamine causes Beri beri.

(A)  Taurine

In pernicious anemia, Urine contains high amounts of  Methyl malonic acid.

Deficiency of vitamin C causes Scurvy.

Taurinuria may be encountered in Pernicious anemia.

Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C.

A deficiency of vitamin B₁₂ causes Pernicious anemia.

Taurinuria may be encountered in Permicious anemia.