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The INTRONS-late theory portrays introns as molecularparasites, mildly DELETERIOUS in that they consumemetabolic RESOURCES of organisms that MUST removethem from their transcripts.

The introns-late theory portrays introns as molecularparasites, mildly deleterious in that they consumemetabolic resources of organisms that must removethem from their transcripts.

complete SET off genes in an ORGANISM is CALLED GENOME.

complete set off genes in an organism is called genome.

The proteome is the complement of proteins EXPRESSED by an organism, tissue or cell type. PROTEOMICS, the study of proteomes, CHARACTERISATION of patterns of gene expression at the PROTEIN level or defined more widely as the link between proteins and genomes. 

Importance of proteomics is to identify proteins with altered levels of expression. 

Changes in protein expression levels are ASSOCIATED with disease states, drug treatment, cellular stress, genetic manipulation or changes in metabolism.

The proteome is the complement of proteins expressed by an organism, tissue or cell type. Proteomics, the study of proteomes, characterisation of patterns of gene expression at the protein level or defined more widely as the link between proteins and genomes. 

Importance of proteomics is to identify proteins with altered levels of expression. 

Changes in protein expression levels are associated with disease states, drug treatment, cellular stress, genetic manipulation or changes in metabolism.

If the breeding is done in between the plant SPS whose parents ae identical such type of breeding is called inbreeding.Due to inbreeding internal resistance developes and desirable CHARACTERS will INCREASES.

If the breeding is done in between the plant sps whose parents ae identical such type of breeding is called inbreeding.Due to inbreeding internal resistance developes and desirable characters will increases.

In SEX linked DISEASES the defeceted GENES are PRESENT on the sex chromosomes attached to them whereas in Sex influenced diseases defective genes are present on the other chromosomes but affects the sex chromosomes.

In Sex linked diseases the defeceted genes are present on the sex chromosomes attached to them whereas in Sex influenced diseases defective genes are present on the other chromosomes but affects the sex chromosomes.

co-dominance means there are ALWAYS two alleles for any character. If the two alleles are equally dominant over one another and neither of them exprasses to outside is called codominance.Here neither of the character appares in offspring.This PHENOMENON can be CLEARLY EXPLAINED by taking the example of DROSOPHILA.

co-dominance means there are always two alleles for any character. If the two alleles are equally dominant over one another and neither of them exprasses to outside is called codominance.Here neither of the character appares in offspring.This phenomenon can be clearly explained by taking the example of drosophila.

SUDDEN HERITABLE CHANGE in dna or chromosomes is called mutation. There are agents which cause mutations called mutagens. DUE to mutations many abnormalities will appear in new GENERATIONS which may be useful or harmful.

Sudden heritable change in dna or chromosomes is called mutation. There are agents which cause mutations called mutagens. Due to mutations many abnormalities will appear in new generations which may be useful or harmful.

These are specific sequences in DNA of all oranisms ,viruses which can get inserted to any other DNA. 

So called as jumping genes DISCOVERED by by Barbara MC clintosh.They may be replicative /non replicative.They are CLASSIFIED as composite ,Is Cut &paste .Retroposons etc.They bring about MUTATION (frame shift )& also oncogenic .some of the egs are LINES ,SINES In humans ,gal genes in drosophila.

These are specific sequences in DNA of all oranisms ,viruses which can get inserted to any other DNA. 

So called as jumping genes discovered by by Barbara Mc clintosh.They may be replicative /non replicative.They are classified as composite ,Is Cut &paste .Retroposons etc.They bring about mutation (frame shift )& also oncogenic .some of the egs are LINES ,SINES In humans ,gal genes in drosophila.

Dyslexia is an unexpected impairment in reading and SPELLING DESPITE a normal intellect.

Dyslexia RESULTS from a disfunction in visual memory and visual perception due to a delayment in maturation. Most dyslexics also display poor writing ability.

Dyslexia is a classical primary reading disorder and should be DIFFERENTIATED from secondary disorders such as mental retardation, educational or environmental deprivation, or physical/organic diseases.

The disorder results as a combination of genetic and environmental causes, which can induce VARIATIONS in the behavioral, cognitive, and physiological measures related to reading disability. Dyslexia was previously called congenital word blindness.

Dyslexia is an unexpected impairment in reading and spelling despite a normal intellect.

Dyslexia results from a disfunction in visual memory and visual perception due to a delayment in maturation. Most dyslexics also display poor writing ability.

Dyslexia is a classical primary reading disorder and should be differentiated from secondary disorders such as mental retardation, educational or environmental deprivation, or physical/organic diseases.

The disorder results as a combination of genetic and environmental causes, which can induce variations in the behavioral, cognitive, and physiological measures related to reading disability. Dyslexia was previously called congenital word blindness.

With the largest sample from a SINGLE population of the same ethnicity in the field of LINKAGE studies for complex TRAITS, our CURRENT study, together with two previous ones, provided overwhelming evidence substantiating 9q22 and Xq24 for height VARIATION.

With the largest sample from a single population of the same ethnicity in the field of linkage studies for complex traits, our current study, together with two previous ones, provided overwhelming evidence substantiating 9q22 and Xq24 for height variation.

The genetic BASE fora SPECIES is CODON which has THREE nitrogen bases.

The genetic base fora species is Codon which has three nitrogen bases.

The BEST plant as far as i know for genetic STUDY is Neurospora crassa and pisum sativum and MIRABILIS JALAPA on these plants ALSO expts are being done normally.

The best plant as far as i know for genetic study is Neurospora crassa and pisum sativum and Mirabilis jalapa on these plants also expts are being done normally.

SUDDEN CHANGE in the structure and composition of a chromosome or genes is called mutation.If mutation occurs at genetic level these mutations are called point mutations.

if any nitrogen base in a gene is added or DELETED that leads to many chromosomal aberrations LADING to many phenotypical and genetical DISORDERS.

Sudden change in the structure and composition of a chromosome or genes is called mutation.If mutation occurs at genetic level these mutations are called point mutations.

if any nitrogen base in a gene is added or deleted that leads to many chromosomal aberrations lading to many phenotypical and genetical disorders.

"O" blood GROUP was DISCOVERED by decastello and sturli."O" Blood group is having no antigens and having both "a"&"b" antibodies in the plasma.It can give blood to all blood groups .It is called as "UNIVERSAL donor".

"O" blood group was discovered by decastello and sturli."O" Blood group is having no antigens and having both "a"&"b" antibodies in the plasma.It can give blood to all blood groups .It is called as "universal donor".

Women have two X chromosomes, one of which is "switched off". The INACTIVATION of the X chromosome OCCURS randomly throughout the EMBRYO, resulting in CELLS that are mosaic with respect to which chromosome is ACTIVE.

Women have two X chromosomes, one of which is "switched off". The inactivation of the X chromosome occurs randomly throughout the embryo, resulting in cells that are mosaic with respect to which chromosome is active.

In PROTEIN SYNTHESIS after the transcription TNE translation taking place which MEANS MRNA converted in to protein.

In protein synthesis after the transcription tne translation taking place which means mRNA converted in to protein.

Condition is 44+xxy SYMPTOMS are RUDIMENTARY testis,no sperm production,small degree of breast DEVT,FEMININE behaviour.

Condition is 44+xxy SYMPTOMS are rudimentary testis,no sperm production,small degree of breast devt,feminine behaviour.

Allopatric POPULATION is when two RELATED populations occupy GEOGRAPHIC seperated areas,they are CALLED allopatric population.

Allopatric population is when two related populations occupy geographic seperated areas,they are called allopatric population.

RECENTLY DISCOVERED SPS of MONKEY is Macaaca munjala.

recently discovered sps of monkey is Macaaca munjala.

The APPROXIMATE NUMBER of GENES in the HUMAN GENOME is 30,000.

The approximate number of genes in the human genome is 30,000.

• NULLISOMIC CONDITION is (2N-2)
• DOUBLE MONOSOMIC condition is (2n-1-1)

point mutations are SUDDEN changes occuring in one geneamino ACID SEQUENCE. They are BASE substitution, base deletion,base INSERTION.

point mutations are sudden changes occuring in one geneamino acid sequence. They are base substitution, base deletion,base insertion.

50% CHANCES of B 
50% chances of 0 
0% chances of A 
0% chances of AB

50% chances of B 
50% chances of 0 
0% chances of A 
0% chances of AB

Genetic disorders r nothing but malfunctioning of GENES DUE to some changes in their arrangement brought by mutations. OFTEN these disorders r CHARACTERIZED by ABSENCE or inactive protein products.

Genetic disorders r nothing but malfunctioning of genes due to some changes in their arrangement brought by mutations. Often these disorders r characterized by absence or inactive protein products.

Genetic testing is a type of medical TEST that IDENTIFIES changes in CHROMOSOMES, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a SUSPECTED genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of DEVELOPING or passing on a genetic disorder.

Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person’s chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.

Genetic TESTING is ANALYZING an INDIVIDUAL's genetic MATERIAL to determine predisposition to a particular health condition or to confirm a diagnosis of genetic disease.

Genetic testing is Analyzing an individual's genetic material to determine predisposition to a particular health condition or to confirm a diagnosis of genetic disease.

NORMALLY on peas because they have;

1. a wide VARIETY
2. not DIFFICULT to COME by
3. there are no ethical restrictions.

normally on peas because they have;

Yes,The gene for Haemophilia is carried on the X sex CHROMOSOME (FEMALES are XX; males are XY). A man with Haemophilia PASSES the faulty gene to his daughters who then carry this gene and MAY pass the condition onto their sons. A man with Haemophilia does not pass the faulty gene onto his sons because they receive a copy of his Y chromosome (their X chromosome comes from the mother).

Yes,The gene for Haemophilia is carried on the X sex chromosome (females are XX; males are XY). A man with Haemophilia passes the faulty gene to his daughters who then carry this gene and may pass the condition onto their sons. A man with Haemophilia does not pass the faulty gene onto his sons because they receive a copy of his Y chromosome (their X chromosome comes from the mother).

Back cross is the cross between progeny of 1st FILIAL generation with any of its parent.

TEST cross is a part of back cross between F1 individuals with homozygous recessive parent. and it is done to know the unknown genotype(whether it is homozygous or HETEROZYGOUS)

Back cross is the cross between progeny of 1st filial generation with any of its parent.

Test cross is a part of back cross between f1 individuals with homozygous recessive parent. and it is done to know the unknown genotype(whether it is homozygous or heterozygous)

Colchicine is a CHEMICAL substance which causes mutations. colchicine is usually used to obtain POLYPLOIDS. polyploid MEANS each CELL consists of more than two sets of CHROMOSOMES.

Colchicine is a chemical substance which causes mutations. colchicine is usually used to obtain polyploids. polyploid means each cell consists of more than two sets of chromosomes.