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The statements (b) and (d) are false about globalisation.

(d) Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

D) 20^th century

C) Greater choice and high quality

The given paragraph is about developments in technology especially with regard to information and communication technology. It has various effects on society and made the task of many people easy. 

In the fast-growing world, every field is being updated and upgraded. There are so many reasons for these changes in technology. Due to globalization, getting and sending information should be fast. Email, Google, Internet, Wikipedia all these made our task easy. People also changed their lifestyles. Even in mobile phones various activities like e-banking, different payments like electricity bill, phone bill are paid. Many of the GOs and Memos are sent by mail. 

It has negative effects also. Some youth are attracted by absence films and pornographic videos are watched. Students can utilise it for their study. The government should take necessary action.

1. Economic globalization generates great or economic growth and well being for the larger section of a population when there is deregulation.

2. Economic globalization gives opportunities to countries to do best in their economy.

3. Moderate supporters of globalization view it as a challenge to be responded intelligently without accepting it uncritically.

B) Globalisation

Advantages and disadvantages of Multinational Companies : 

Advantages: 

1.  Competition among countries increased. 
2.  Quality improvement. 
3.  The decrease in prices. 
4.  Increase in production. 
5.  Increase in access of goods and services. 
6. Development in research and technology. 
7. Increase in employment opportunities. 

Disadvantages: 

1. The decline in small scale industries. 
2. No employment opportunities for unskilled labourers. 
3.  Agriculture is affected. 
4. The environment is affected. 
5. The exploitation of natural resources.
6. Value of currency is determined internationally. 
7. Indigenous languages and culture is affected.

Correct option: (c) nuclear power plant

1. Positive Economic Consequences 

(a) It involves greater economic flows among various countries. 

(b) It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries, 

(c) The restrictions on the imports and the movement of capital have also been reduced. 

2. Negative Economic Consequences 

(а) It has created diverse opinion all over the world so as to benefit only a small section of society. 

(b) It does not have equality at par the movement of people across the globe i.e. Developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure job security to their own citizens.

Political consequences are positive and negative both as: 

Negative Aspects 

1. Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is the ability of government to do what they do. 

2. The old welfare state is now giving way to more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens. 

3. Sometimes state withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at the economic and social well being. 

4. The market becomes a prime determinant to settle down social and economic priorities in place of welfare. 

Positive Aspects 

1. The primary status remains the unchallenged basis of political community. 

2. To some extent developing countries have received a boost to become more powerful and strong.

More products will be available if globalization process is continued and spread. Quality of goods will be increased prices come down. Foreign investment is increased. Many new jobs will come up. IT services will be increased. Technology will be more used. Small scale industries will be closed. Culture and nationalism are also affected. Soil lose its fertility.

A) Multi National Company

The flow of capital, people, technology is supposed to have created a borderless world

1. Globalisation has started, thus, it will continue in the future. 

2. From 20 years now, the world would be a better one. 

3. The developed countries continue to expand their MNCs. 

4. They will try to capture the market of developing countries. 

5. The developing countries in turn, fight for a better deal. 

6. Over a period of time, they develop their economy and demand better place along with developed countries. 

(OR) 

1. Globalisation has started, thus it will continue in the future: 

2. After 20 years, the native companies have no capacity to compete with MNCs and they will close. 

3. People also will attract to foreign goods. 

4. In health and education also MNCs will enter. Even though in Indian Railways also MNCs will enter. 

5. Totally, the Indian people lost their culture and tradition.

Multi-National Company is not only selling its finished products globally but more importantly, the goods and services are provided globally

World Trade Organisation with 150 member countries aimed at liberalization of International trade. (164 members as of 29th July 2016)

1. Economic Consequences 

(a) It has involved greater trade in commodities across the globe. 

(b) The restrictions imposed by other countries on allowing imports have been reduced. 

2. Cultural Consequences 

(a) The rise of uniform culture called as cultural homogenization. 

(b) Global culture is the imposition of western culture on the rest of the world. 

3. Political Consequences 

(а) In place of welfare state it is the market to become the prime determinant of economic and social priorities. 

(b) The entry and an increased role of MNCs all over the world lead to the reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on their own. 

4. Others 

(а) The left-wing protests against economic liberalization. 

(b) Indian social forum also raised voices against globalization.

The impact of changing role of the state in developing countries in the light of globalization can be summed up as follows: 

1. Globalisation reduces state capacity i. e. the ability of governments to do what they do. 

2. The market becomes the prime determinant to down economic and social priorities. 

3. Multinational companies effect on the decision taken by governments because their own interest fulfillment depends on government policies.

4. The old Welfare state is now giving way to more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as maintenance of law and order and the security.

Correct option is C) Vehicles

A) 1 – c, 2 – a, 3 – b

D) Closure of small units

In the above conversation we can see some results of globalization. Globalization influences our homes, food, clothes, water, and even thoughts. Often globalization can be a threat to our culture. Globalization paves the way for a unicultural world. The Western civilization will spread to other countries. The conversation shows that we may have to stand helpless before the onslaught of Western civilization.

But this does not mean Ramu’s argument is entirely true. He has looked only at the wrong aspects of globalization. All cultures have accepted new and good things from other cultures. Globalization has good aspects, too. Only rarely can foreign cultures influence us negatively. Actually things from outside enrich our culture and that is what Geeta thinks.

D) Retaining trade barriers

C) Priya foods

A) Tata Motors

C) Ford Motors

Manufacturing (not from primary sector)

1. MNCs such as Ford Motors tap the large markets in India by setting up their plants here. 

2. They also lower their cost of production.

3. It is estimated that 50%-60% money they have saved on production by producing in India. 

4. As labour is cheap here, other resources are also cheap. So they are producing goods at lower cost. 

5. Apart from this, they are provided with educated youth in employment for lesser wages compared to other countries.

6. As the population in India and China alone accounts to 30% of the world population and Forbes surveys show that numbers of millionaires are increasing in these countries. 

7. So MNCs have concentrated on tapping the markets here.

The impact of changing role of the state in developing countries in the light of globalization can be summed up as follows: 

1. Globalisation reduces state capacity i. e. the ability of governments to do what they do. 

2. The market becomes the prime determinant to down economic and social priorities. 

3. Multinational companies effect on the decision taken by governments because their own interest fulfillment depends on government policies.

4. The old Welfare state is now giving way to more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as maintenance of law and order and the security.

1. The company Ford Motors wants to develop India a base for manufacturing car components for its global operations. 

2. In India the cost of labour is cheap. 

3. The costs of other resources is also cheap in India. 

4. India thus provides the advantage of being a cheap manufacturing location. 

5. Another reason is that in India the presence of several local manufacturers who supply auto parts to Ford Motors. 

6. It is another reason that in India and China there is presence of buyers in large numbers.

The company is making engines and body at its plant. It is processing other components from various suppliers which operate in India. Even designing some of the new models has been done in India. So India is providing a perfect base for all the operations related to productions of cars for the Ford Motor. Hence it can be said that proper interlinking of production is happening in India for this company.

Globalisation and expansion of foreign trade have resulted in the emergence of highly integrated and united markets. Some decades ago restrictions were placed on foreign trade and foreign investment. This was to protect the domestic producers from foreign competition as the competition from imports would not have allowed these industries to develop. 

Globalisation and development of trade have resulted in the availability of a greater choice of goods in the market for the consumer. Globalisation is the interconnection between counties through the expansion of foreign trade and foreign investment. It helps in the integration of the markets in different countries. It will give a lot of opportunities and openings for domestic consumers to reach out beyond the domestic market. Consumers also have the choice to select commodities produced beyond the domestic markets. The prices tend to be equal in both the markets gradually. Thus, foreign trade widens the markets for consumers and helps in connecting the markets worldwide. 

Globalisation has resulted in greater competition among the producers. Producers in the home countries compete with the foreign producers and products thus improving the quality of the goods and services produced. This greater competition has resulted in the improved standards of the products produced at a lower price. This increased quality of products at lower prices has raised their standard of living significantly.

Ford Motors came to India in 1995 and spend ` 1700 crore to set up a large plant near Chennai.

Chennai toys are more popular in the Indian markets because of the cheaper prices and new designs.

Globalisation and development of trade have resulted in increased competition. It has resulted in the availability of a greater choice of goods in the market for the consumer. Globalisation is the interconnection between counties through the expansion of foreign trade and foreign investment. It helps in the integration of the markets in different countries. 

Globalisation has resulted in greater competition among the producers. The growth of MNCs has increased the competition very rapidly. Producers in the home countries compete with the foreign producers and products thus improving the quality of the goods and services produced. This greater competition has resulted in the improved standards of the products produced at a lower price. This increased quality of products at lower prices has raised their standard of living significantly. Consumers also have the choice to select commodities produced beyond the domestic markets. The prices tend to be equal in both the markets gradually. Thus, foreign trade widens the markets for consumers and helps in connecting the markets worldwide.

The development of the transportation network is responsible for the faster delivery of goods across the world in recent times. The transport system is the service by which persons and goods move from one place to the other using humans, animals or vehicles. Transport system establishes the links between producing centres and consuming centres. Transport provides the link through which trade takes place. Transport system also acts as an artery for communication within the nation and among the nations. The principal modes of transportation are land ways, waterways, airways and through pipelines. To be established as a major trading centre, the country must have a well-connected transit network. The integrated operation of all the means of transportation is essential for its effective functioning. Thus the development of transport is very important for a country’s progress.

The movement of people and human settlements from one area to the other more developed areas is known as migration. Employment opportunities, higher standard of living, higher income, better facilities and infrastructure force people to migrate from less developed countries to a more developed country.

Foreign trade or international trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. It is an important component of the economy. The basic function of international trade is the integration of markets in different countries. It will give a lot of opportunities and openings for the domestic producers and consumers to reach out beyond the domestic market. Producers can sell their commodities to buyers from around the world. Consumers also have the choice to select commodities produced beyond the domestic markets. The prices tend to be equal in both the markets gradually. Thus, foreign trade widens the markets for both produces and consumers and helps in connecting the markets worldwide.

Foreign trade creates an opportunity for the producers to reach beyond the domestic markets, i.e., markets of their own countries