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Physical maps represent the physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, etc.

The total number of lines of longitude are 360

The total number of lines of latitude are 181

Following are the major characteristics of latitudinal lines: 

1. Latitudinal lines are horizontal drawn on the globe from the east towards the west. 

2. These are parallel lines. 

3. Their length decreases from the Equator towards the poles. 

4. Even the poles are depicted by a point. 

5. These fines determine various temperate zones.

Brown colour represents hills or lower parts of mountains.

Index or key symbol used to represent any feature is called index. The index is an important component and represents all the features shown on a map. Various colours and symbols are used in the index, e.g. blue colour for water bodies, green for lowlands, etc.

1. The Earth cannot be compared with any other geometrical shape as it has a very unique shape.

2. Hence, its shape is called a geoid (earth shaped)

The sun is overhead on a line of longitude only once a day.

(c) Both the statements are correct

(c) 1 and 2 are correct

Distribution maps are used to show the distribution of definite features such as land use, temperature, rainfall, population, soils, natural vegetation, crops, minerals, industries, railways, roads, waterways etc.

1. The International Date line is not straight.

2. If the line is drawn straight, two places in the same country world have different dates.

3. So the International Date line is found zigzag in certain places to avoid confusion.

1. All nations of the world agreed to have the Greenwich Meridian as the international Standard Meridian (0°).

2. This line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian and it is also known as the Greenwich Meridian because it passes through Greenwich

1. Northern Hemisphere,

2. Southern Hemisphere,

3. Eastern Hemisphere and 

4. Western Hemisphere

1. The imaginary lines that run east and west direction on the Earth are called lines or parallels of latitude

2. The imaginary lines drawn vertically connecting the North pole and the south pole are called lines or meridians of longitude

1. The time in a particular region or area expressed, with reference to the meridian passing through it. (or)

2. When the sun is overhead on a particular line of longitude, it is 12 noon at all the places located on that line of longitude. This is called local time.

1. The globe is useful to know the shape of the Earth 

2. It helps us to understand the position, shape and size of the continents, oceans and seas.

The Earth is Geord in shape and is represented by a ‘GLOBE’ which is the miniature model of the Earth.

North pole (90° N), The Arctic circle (66° 1/2 N), the Tropic of Cancer (23° 1/2 N) are the important latitudes in the Northern hemisphere.

Basing on the equator the Earth was divided into two equal spheres. They are Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. 

Northern hemisphere: The hemisphere that lies north of the equator is the Northern hemisphere. 

Southern hemisphere: The hemisphere that lies south of the equator is the Southern hemisphere.

The imaginary lines that are drawn parallel to the Equator are called latitudes.

The imaginary line that divides the globe into two spheres is called the Equator. It is 0° latitude.

Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the Sun as the South Pole tilts towards the Sun. As the Sun rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn, a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light. So, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. As Christmas is celebrated on December 25 it is summer in Australia.

A lunar eclipse occurs commonly than a Solar eclipse.

The lines drawn perpendicular to latitudes on the globe are called longitudes. These longitudes connect the North pole and South pole.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind Earth and into its shadow, This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are exactly or very closely aligned With Earth between the other two. During a toted lunar eclipse, Earth completely blocks direct sunlight from reaching the Moon. Lunar eclipses occur only on a full moon day. But lunar eclipse does not occur on all full moon days.

Because of rotation we experience day and night. If the earth doesn’t rotate there would be no day and night. The eastern hemisphere is always in the day and the western hemisphere is always in the night. The eastern hemisphere is hot as it experiences always day and cold in the western hemisphere. So it would make the planet uninhabitable.

On 21st March and 23rd September, the sun-rays fall directly on the equator. At this time the climate in both hemispheres is almost same. It means neither much heat nor much cold. This situation is called Equinox.

On 21st March and 23rd, September Sun’s rays fall directly on the Equator. So we experience equal day and night on both these days. This is called equinox. On 21st March it is autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere. Because of Earth’s rotation, half portion of the Earth receives Sun’s rays and the remaining half remains in darkness. So we find changes on Earth because of Earth’s rotation and revolution.

The time of places at same longitude is always the same, so when we proceed towards 1° east to know the time of a place, 4 minutes are added to the local time of that place. In the same way, when we move towards 1° west, we subtract 4 minutes from the local time of that place.

The latitude which divides the Earth into two halves Equator