Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The answer is (D) All of these

The answer is (A) Fats

The answer is (D) Six

(a) A balanced diet is necessary for the growth and development of the body. A balanced diet provides raw materials and energy, in an appropriate amount, needed for the proper growth and functioning of the healthy body. It improves our immunity also. Lack of food in the form of a balanced diet makes us susceptible to diseases.

(b) Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially. These conditions depend upon the surrounding environmental conditions, e.g. if there are unhygienic conditions in the surrounding area, it is likely we might get infected or diseased. Similarly, a good social environment is needed for mental and social health.

The diseases which are caused due to improper functioning of the body organs e.g. diabetes, heart attack. They are not caused by germs and not transmitted from one to another.

Indirect methods of transmission of communicable diseases: 

1. Using items used by the infected persons: The healthy persons may be infected by using the articles like towel, hankey, utensils, bedding used by the patient infected by the communicable diseases. Diseases like tuberculosis, ring worm, common cold, influenza are transmitted by this method. 

2. Contaminated food and water: Diseases like dysentery, cholera spread through the contaminated food and water. Flies sitting on the food, if taken by a healthy person may be infected by the germs which may cause vomiting and loose motions. Similarly water and food infected by entamoeba may cause dysentery to persons who may take contaminated food. 

3. Vectors or carriers: Organisms like mosquitoes and house flies, ticks carry germs from the source of infection and pass on the germs to the normal persons and thus they are infected by diseases like malaria, cholera, plague. These organisms which cany the disease are called vectors and are not infected themselves. Mosquitoes suck blood and carry the disease causing protozoans from infected persons to healthy persons. Similarly houseflies carry the germs from garbage and sewage to the food. If this food is taken by the persons they become prey to typhoid and other diseases. 

4. Air: One sneeze from a person infected by cold may give billions of germs which are carried by air and may infect the healthy person. Tuberculosis passes from one person to other by coughing or sneezing of the infected person. These germs remain suspended in the air and persons may be infected by these spores or germs. Common cold, measles, diptheria, chicken pox.

Those disease which spread from one person to another by the entry of microorganisms are known as communicable diseases. The disease-causing germs are called Pathogens. These disease can be avoided by proper vaccination, healthy food and hygenic surroundings.

Communicable diseases are transmitted broadly by two modes: 

1. Direct transmission: It is by 

a. Direct contact: From skin to skin. Examples: eye infection (conjunctivitis), skin diseases, etc. 

b.  Droplet infection: From droplet of saliva or nose during cough, sneezing, speaking and spitting. Examples: Tuberculosis (TB), common cold, whooping cough, influenza. 

c.  Contact with soil. Example: mycosis, tetanus. 

d.  Inoculation into skin: Microbes may inoculate directly into skin. Examples: Rabies virus is inoculated by dog bite, hepatitis B virus is inoculated through contaminated needles and syringes. 

2. Indirect transmission: It is by 

a.  Transmission of microbes through water and food (vehicle borne transmission). Examples: typhoid, cholera, polio, food poisoning, diarrhoea etc. 

b.  Transmission by blood. Examples: Hepatitis B and malaria 

c.  Transmission of microbes by an arthropod/living carrier (vector borne). Examples: malaria, dengue are transmitted by mosquito, typhoid, cholera are transmitted by housefly, plague is transmitted by rat flea, etc. 

d. Transmission through fomites: Fomites include soiled clothes, towel, cups, spoon, toys, etc. Examples: diptheria, eye and skin infection. 

e. Transmission through unclean hands. Examples: typhoid, intestinal parasites. 

f. Air borne transmission. Examples: epidemic typhus.

1. Pathogen: The microbes that cause disease are called pathogens. Example : Bacteria, virus, etc. 

2. Vector: A vector is an organism that carries disease causing microbes (pathogens) from one host to another. They are the carriers of infection. Example: Mosquito, housefly, etc. 

3. Droplet infection: Droplet infection is an infection transmitted from one individual to another by droplets of saliva or nasal moisture during coughing, sneezing, speaking and spitting. 

4. Infectious diseases: The diseases which spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food, soil or physical contact are called communicable diseases. Example : Common cold, chickenpox, etc.

Diseases which spread from an infected person to a healthy person are called communicable or infectious diseases. These diseases are caused through infections by microbes called pathogens. 

Example: Cholera, typhoid, cold, malaria, AIDS.

1. Cholera — Bacteria 

2. Tuberculosis — Bacteria 

3. Common cold — Virus 

4. Chickenpox — Virus 

5. Typhoid — Bacteria 

6. Polio — Virus 

7. Rabies — Viru

cholera is a disease caused by bacteria.

Cataract is a disease of the 

 (b) eye

1. Over-eating causes a disease called obesity. 

2. Food poisoning is caused by bacteria. 

3. One of the diseases caused by protozoa is malaria.

Rabies is a viral disease caused by the bite of a rabid dog or monkey or rabbit. Saliva of the infected animal causes the rabies infection.

First-aid in case of second degree bums: 

1. Hold the burnt area under cold running water for 15 minutes. 

2. Do not break the blisters. 

3. Wash the area with mild soap and water. 

4. Dry and put an antibiotic oinment. 

5. If blisters have not broken open, leave the area uncovered. 

6. If blisters have broken open, bandage is needed.

Cataract eye lens and hence blindness.

A disease caused due to choking of coronary artery Atheraosclerosis.

A disease caused due to Plasmodium Malaria.

(a) Fever: Fever is the most common symptom of an infection in the human body. The body temperature rises above the normal i.e., 37°C (98.6°F). Fever might be associated with pain in the body, headache and tiredness. Rest, light diet, fluids and medicines help in reducing fever. 

(b) Allergy: Allergy is an excessive sensitivity of the human body to some substances which are otherwise harmless. The allergens include dust, pollen grains, spores, furs, etc. Asthma and hay fever are examples of allergies. Rashes, itching, wheezing and sneezing are common symptoms of allergy. 

(c) First-aid in case of cuts: Cut area should be cleaned and washed with warm water. Foreign matter, if any, should be removed. Wound area be raised above the heart level and bandage to be put after the blood flow stops.

1. First-aid in case of burns: Hold the burnt area under cold running water in first and second degree bums for 15 minutes. Wash with soap and leave uncovered. Give the tetanus injection. In case of third-degree bums, cover the burnt with dry, sterile dressing and contact the emergency medical services. 

2. First-aid in case of bites: Hold the bite area under cool running water for 15 minutes. Wash with soap and water. Rinse again. Dry the area, elevate the bite area above the heart level for 8 hours and give a tetanus injection. In case of a snake bite, run water over the bite, mb powdered potassium permanganate and put a piece of cloth tightly around the area to prevent the poison from reaching heart and other body parts. 

3. First-aid in case of stings: Remove the sting with tweezers. Wash the area with soap and cold water, apply oil or vaseline, cover with sterile gauze. If swelling, apply ice. Keep the stung area above the heart.

Prevention and control of diseases can be done by: 

1. Proper sanitation. 

2. Provision of safe and clean water supply in adequate quantity. 

3. Spray of insecticides to prevent mosquito breeding 

4. Personal hygiene which includes proper diet, sleep, regular exercise, cleanliness and healthy lifestyle. 

5. Immunisation (vaccination). 

6. Health education.

1. Malfunctioning of pancreas causes diabetes. 

2. Malfunctioning of eyes causes cataract. . 

3. Malfunctioning of bones cause arthritis. 

4. Malfunctioning of kidneys cause uremia. 

5. Malfunctioning of heart causes coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis

Personal hygiene is very important to lead a healthy life. It can be done by: 

1. Proper diet: Balanced diet is very important. 

2. Sleep: Adequate sleep of 6-8 hours a day. 

3. Regular exercise: Sufficient physical activity. 

4. Cleanliness: Keeping the body clean to prevent infections. 

5. Proper lifestyle: Junk foods, long hours of table work, late night sleeps etc. should be avoided to lead a healthy life.

Cataract is a disease of: 

 (iii) Eyes

Coronaiy heart diseases are diseases due to malfunctioning of heart wherein the blood supply to the heart muscles reduces leading to reduced supply of oxygen to it. This can lead to a temporary pain in the chest. Hardening of arteries which supply blood to the heart muscles cause this disease.

Conjunctivitis is a viral disease of the eye which is highly infections i.e., spreads from one person to another very fast.

We can control spreading of diseases by mosquitoes and houseflies by using repellants, throwing garbage in covered bins, avoiding stagnation of water and checking breeding of these insects.

1. Vitamin K 

2. Sodium 

3. Potassium 

4. Vitamin D and fluorine 

5. Vitamin B₂

Regular exercise keeps our body strong and immune to many diseases, rest refreshes our body.

Fast food like pizza, burger, patty, oily foods etc. have much carbohydrates and fats. Children eating these become more and more fat and gain weight soon as they do not do much of physical work.

A viral disease spread by the bite of a dog Rabies/ Hydrophobia