InterviewSolution
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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Transcription, Translation, Translocation, transpiration. |
| Answer» Transpiration - Others are processes of complex protein synthesis | |
| 2. |
Complete the statements by choosing correct options from bracket. (Gene, Mutation, Translocation, Transcription, Gradual development, Appendix) Evolution means…………….. . |
| Answer» Gradual development | |
| 3. |
Mutation is generally ____ to animals. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - beneficial | |
| 4. |
Who gave the first modern theory of organic evolution ? |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Darwin | |
| 5. |
Allele is another name of ____ |
| Answer» Correct Answer - gene | |
| 6. |
Human evolution began approximately 7 corre years. Ago. |
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Answer» (i) Last dinosaurs disappeared approximately seven crore years ago. (ii) At that time, monkey like animals were said to be evolved from some ancestors who were more or less similar to the modern lemurs. (iii) Thus, human evolution began approximately seven crore years ago. |
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| 7. |
About ………… years ago, wise-man started to practice agriculture. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - 10 thousand | |
| 8. |
………………… is a pioneer of the modern genetics. |
| Answer» Johann Gregor Mendel | |
| 9. |
First record of human-like animal as in the form of ………………ape from East Africa. |
| Answer» Ramapithecius | |
| 10. |
If the fossil of an oganism is found in the deeper laryer of earth, them we can predict that.A. the extinction of organism has occurred recentlyB. the extinction of organism has occurred thousands of years agoC. the fossil position in the layers of earth is nat related to its time of extinctionD. time of extinction cannot be determined |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Fossils refer to the petrified remains of organisms that lived in the past and get preserved in rocks. The fossil position in the layer of earth relates to the time of extinction of organisms. If the fossil of an organism is found in the deeper layers of earth, then it is predicted that extinction of organism has occurred thousands of years ago. Whereas the fossils tound closer to the surface are more recent. |
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| 11. |
The human species has genetic roots in :A. AmericaB. AfricaC. AustraliaD. Antarctica |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 12. |
One pair of organs in the following animals are not homologous. This is :A. forelimbs in humans and lizardB. forelimbs in lizard and frogC. wings in butterfly and batD. wings in bat and bird |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 13. |
Evolution is a gradual change occuring in living organisms over a long duration. |
| Answer» Correct Answer - True | |
| 14. |
……………….. Is a gradual change occuring in living organisms over a long duration.A. EvolutionB. MutationC. VariationD. Heredity |
| Answer» Correct Answer - Evolution | |
| 15. |
Which of the following gas was not present in early earth atmosphere ?A. AmmoniaB. OxygenC. Hydrogen sulphideD. Methane |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 16. |
Vertebrates have slowly originated from ………………. |
| Answer» invertebrates | |
| 17. |
According to scientists, aves have evolved from :A. mammalsB. amphibiansC. reptilesD. arthropods |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 18. |
Who was not involved in the study of the origin of life ?A. MillerB. UreyC. MorganD. Oparin |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 19. |
A gradual change, over a long period, in a form of life is known as :A. erosionB. evolutionC. revolutionD. evaluation |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 20. |
Scientists believe that all life originated in :A. the seaB. the soilC. the groundD. the air |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 21. |
When does duplication of DNA take place ? |
| Answer» Just before cell division | |
| 22. |
variations may be due toA. mutationB. environmental factorsC. cell divisionD. all of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 23. |
Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not? |
| Answer» We agree with the statement that Only variations that confer an advantage to an indiviadual organism will survive in a population. All the variaions do not have an equal chance of surviving in the environment in wich they find themselves. The chances of surviving depernd on the nature of variations. Different individual would have different kind of advantages. A bachteria that can withstand heat will survive better in a heat wave. Selection of variants by environmental factors form the basis for revolutionary process. | |
| 24. |
Which of the following statement is incorrect with respect to variations ?A. all variations in a species have equal chance of survivalB. change in genetic composition results in variationsC. selection of variations by environmental factors forms the basis of evolutionary processD. variations are the minimum in asexual reproduction |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 25. |
Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships. |
| Answer» The importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships is that they provide evidence that the present animals (and plants) have originated from the previously existing animals (and plants) through the process of continuous evoltion. For example, a fossil bird called Archaeoptinryx looks like a bird but it has many other features which are found in reptiles. This is because Archaeopteryx has feathered wings like those of and birds, but teeth and tail like those of reptiles. Archaeopteryx is , therefore a connenting link between the reptiles and birds, and hence suggests that the birds have evolved from the reptiles. | |
| 26. |
Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self- pollinating plant species? Why or why not? |
| Answer» Geographical isolation can precent the transfer of pollens among different plants. However, since the plants are self-pollinating, which means that the pollens are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower of the same plant, geographical cannot prevent speciation in this case. | |
| 27. |
If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier? |
| Answer» Trait B becuause in asexual reproduction traits which are present in the previous generation are carried over to next generation with minimal variations. Trait B have higher percentage so it is likeliy to have arisen earlier. | |
| 28. |
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive? |
| Answer» The trait which appears in all the members of `F_(1)` generation and also in 75% numbers of `F_(2)` generaion obtained by self fertilization of `F_(1)` generation is dominant character. The trait which does not appear in F generation but after selfetilization of `F_(1)` generation, reppeears in 25% of `F_(2)` generation is known as recessive. | |
| 29. |
Fossils |
| Answer» Fossils are remnants and impressions of organisms that remain preserved underground. | |
| 30. |
How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival? |
| Answer» Variations occur due to secul reprodution and also due to inaccurate copying of DNA. Depending on the neture of variations, different individuals would have different kinds of advantages. For example, bectraria variants which can withstand heat have better chances to survive in a heat wave non-variant becteria having no capacity to tolerate heat wave. Thus, variations in a populaion of a species help in survival of a species. | |
| 31. |
Mention three important features of fossils which help in the study of evolutions |
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Answer» Three important of fossile which help in the study of evolution are (i) Fossile represents mode of preservation of ancient species. (ii) Fossils help in establishing evolutionary relationship betweem organsisms and their ancestors. ltbregt (iii) fossils help in establishing the time period in which organisms lived. |
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| 32. |
What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution |
| Answer» The remains (or impressions) of dead animals or plants that lived in the remote past are known as fossils . The fossils provide evidence for evolution. For example, a fossil bird called Archaeopteryx looks like a bird bot it has many other features which are found in reptiles. This is because Archaeopteryx has feathered wings like those of birds but teeth and tail like those of reptiles. Archaeopteryx is, therefore, a connecting link between the reptiles and birds, and hence suggests that birds have evolvel from the reptiles. Thus, fossils provide the evptilce that tha present animals (and plants) have originated from the previously existing ones through the process of continuous evolution. | |
| 33. |
Two pink coloured flower on corssing resulted in 1 red,2 pink and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the cross will beA. double fertilisationB. self pollinationC. cross ferstilisationD. no fertilisation |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C The nature of the cross will be cross fertilisation. Fertilising a plant using pollen from another plant of the same species is cross-fertilisation. Double fertilisation is a complex fertilisation mechanism of flowering plants. It involves fusion of a male and female gamete. Self-pollination is a form of pollination that occur in a flower that has both stamen and carpel. |
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| 34. |
Does the occurrence of diversity of animals on earth suggest their diverse ancestry also? Discuss this point ih the light of evolution. |
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Answer» Since animals shows a vast diversity in their structures, they probably ancestry. Because common ancestry may greatly limit the extent of diversity are closely related, they have common ancestors but birds and reptiles are also related. We can thus build up small gruop of species with recent common ancerstors, then super-groups of these gropus with more distance common ancestors, and so on . In theory, we can keep going backwards like this until we come to the notin of a single species at the very beginnig of evolutionary time. As may of these divese animals are inhabiting the same habitat, their evolution by gerographical isolation and speciation is also not likely to occur. Thus, occurrence of diversity of animals on earth suggest their diverse ancestry also. |
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| 35. |
The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on :A. copies of the same chormosomeB. two different chromosmesC. sex chromosomesD. any chromosome |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A The two versions of a trait are situated on copies of same chromosome. Each parent contributes one copy of the gene for a particular character. In the gamete however, only one copy is present due to reduction division At the time of fusion, the diploid Gondition is maintained. Sex chromosomes carry genes for sexual characters. |
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| 36. |
The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on :A. copies of the same chromosomeB. sex chromosomesC. two different chromosomesD. any chromosomes |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 37. |
For his experiments on heredity, Mendel used :A. papaya plantsB. potato plantsC. pea plantsD. pear plants |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 38. |
Given reason why acuired characters are not inherited. |
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Answer» Acquired characters do not produce change 1n the genes (or DNA) of germ cells, so they cannot be inherited. e.g., If tails of mice are cut in first generation, and them breeding is done , the new mice born will have full tails. The cut tail of mice is an acquired trait which is never passesd on their reproductive cells. |
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| 39. |
In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/these unpaired chromosomes is/are : (i) large chromosome (ii) small chromosome (iii) Y chromosome (iv) X chromosomeA. (i) and (ii)B. (iii) onlyC. (iii) and (iv)D. (ii) and (iv) |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 40. |
In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/these unpaired chromosomes is/are : (i) large chromosome (ii) small chromosome (iii) Y chromosome (iv) X chromosomeA. (i) and (ii)B. (iii) onlyC. (ii) and (iv)D. (iii) and (iv) |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C In human males, one pair called the sex chromosomes are unpaired. Here, one is a normal-sized X-chromosome while other is a short Y-chromosome. Wornen have aperfect pair of sex chromosomes, both called X. |
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| 41. |
What does a dominant character mean ?A. It is expressed firstB. It suppresses the recessive character.C. It remains unaffected by the recessive character.D. all of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 42. |
Branch of biology dealing with heredity and variation isA. palaeontologyB. geneticsC. embryologyD. phylogeny |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 43. |
Inheritance of acquired characters refers toA. inheritance of adaptive and nonadaptive charactersB. inheritance of somatic characters as wellC. inheritance of germinal variationsD. None of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - B | |
| 44. |
What do we call to the process of transfer of physical and mental characters from parents to the progeny? |
| Answer» The process of transfer of physical and mental characters from parents to the progeny is called heredity. | |
| 45. |
Given the basic features of the mechanism of inheritance. |
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Answer» Inheritance is the transmission is the transmission of genetically controlled characteristic (traits) from one generation to the next. The basic features of mechanism of inheritance are following. (i) Characters are controlled are controlled by genes. Each gene control called allele one character. (ii) There may be two or more forms of a gene. One form may be dominant while other is recessive. (iii) Genes are present on charomosomes. (iv) Each parent possesses a pair of genes for each characteristic on a chromosomes. (v) When a male gamete fuses with the female gamete during fertilisation, they make a new cell called zygote with full set of genes. This zygote carries characteristics of both the parents which are inherited through the genes. (vi) The offspring inherit tow genes (or a pair of genes) for each trait form its parents characters. The traut shown by the offspring in first of enation dominat. |
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| 46. |
Struggle for existence was explained byA. LamarckB. Hugo de VriesC. Charles DarwinD. None of the above |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 47. |
(a) What is the picture about? (b) What does the picture of the last man indicate to us and what was he called? (c ) How did the change happen from first man to the last man as shown in the figure? |
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Answer» (a) It is about the changes in the development of Human brain. (b) The picture of the last man indicates that the man is wisest of all as his brain is most developed. He ws called as Homo sapiens. ( c) Evolution of the upright man continued in the direction of developing its brain 20 lakh yers age upto this age. Many discoveries were made like fire, practice of agriculture, rearing cattleherds, establishing cities, etc. About 10000 years ago. Cultural development and art of writing developed about 5000 years ago. Modern sciences and industrial society developed in recent 200-400 years. |
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| 48. |
(a) Observe the picture and identify each organisms. (b) Explain their role in proving the process of evolution. |
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Answer» (a) (i) 1-Duckbill platypus, 2- lungfis,3-Peripatus (b) (i) Duckbill platypus lays eggs like reptiles and has hair and mammala glands like mammals and therefore it is a link between reptiles and mammals. (ii) Lungfish is a fish but breathes with lungs therefore it is a link between amphibians and pisces. (iii)Peripatus is a connecting link between Phylum Annelida and Arthropoda withh segmented body, parapodia-like appendages and thin cuticle (Annelida) and breathes through trachea with open circulatory system (Arthropoda). |
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| 49. |
Evolution |
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Answer» (i) Evolution is a gradual change occuring in living organisms over a long duration. (ii) This is a very slow- going process through which development of organisms is achieved. (iii) All the stages in changes occurred in various components ranging from stars and planets in space to the biosphere present on the earth should be included in the study of evolution. (iv) Formation of new species due to changes in specific characters of several generations of living organisms as a response to natural selection is called as evolution. (v) Different theories about origin and evolution of life have been proposed till today of which theory of gradual development of living organisms is accepted. (vi) According to this theory, first living material (Protoplasm) has been formed in the ocean. In due course of time, unicellular organism was formed. (vii) Gradual changes took place in unicellular organism from which larger and more complex organisms were formed. Duration of all these changes is about 300 crore years. (viii) Changes and development in living organisms has been all round and multi-dimensional and this led to evolution of different types of organisms. Hence, this overall process is called as evolution which is organizational. (ix) Progressive development of plants and animals from the ancestors having different structural and functional organization is called evolution. |
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| 50. |
Speciation |
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Answer» (i) Formation of new species of plants and animals through the effect of evolution is called as speciation. (ii) Species is the group of organisms that can produce fertile individuals through natural reproduction. (iii) Each species grow In speciefic geographical conditions. Their food, habitat, reproductive ability and period is different. (iv) Genetic variation are responsible for formation of new species from earlier one. (v) Besides, geographical and reproductive changes are also responsible. (vi) Similarly, geographical or reproductive isolation also leads to speciation. |
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