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Correct OPTION is (c) Secretion of vas efferens

To explain: SEMINAL plasma helps in the motility and maturation of SPERM. SECRETIONS produce it from vas deferens, epididymis, seminal vesicle and PROSTATE.

The correct answer is (c) Acrosome

The BEST I can explain: Acrosome is the cap-like structure present on the anterior-most end of the sperm head. It is filled with numerous enzymes like hyaluronic acid which are released upon encounter of egg in female oviduct. These enzymes FUNCTION by digesting the membrane, thus allowing penetration of head and further RELEASE of MALE nuclei.

Correct OPTION is (b) Infertility

The explanation: Low sperm count leads to lesser amount of sperms entering the genital TRACT and passing successfully before encountering the egg in the oviduct. Thus less sperm count leads to lesser CHANCES of fertilization and MIGHT RESULT in infertility.

The CORRECT choice is (d) seminiferous TUBULES

The best I can explain: Seminiferous tubules are lined by SPERMATOGONIA and Sertoli CELLS. Spermatogonia undergo meiosis to produce sperm that are NOURISHED by Sertoli cells.

The correct choice is (b) Head

For explanation: Spermatids are produced by meiosis from primary spermatocytes. These spermatids then transform into sperms which ATTACH to Sertoli cells for NOURISHMENT and further DEVELOPMENT VIA their heads. They are then released by the process of spermiation.

Right answer is (b) cell MEMBRANE

Explanation: As in the case of any other cell, SPERMS are enveloped by a phospholipid bilayer, which is ALSO called as PLASMA membrane or cell membrane.

The correct answer is (a) TESTOSTERONE

The BEST explanation: GnRH released by the hypothalamus and FH and LSH released by the anterior pituitary are gonadotrophins. Testosterone, on the other hand, belongs to the CLASS of hormones CALLED androgens.

Correct answer is (d) Follicle STIMULATING Hormone: Sertoli CELLS

Best explanation: Gonadotrophic Hormone is released by Hypothalamus and ACTS on Anterior Pituitary. Anterior pituitary RELEASES Luteinising Hormone which acts on Leydig cells. Leydig cells release Androgens which act on a variety of TARGETS to initiate Spermatogenesis. Anterior Pituitary also releases Follicle Stimulating hormone which acts on Sertoli cells to release various factors that promotes spermatogenesis.

The correct option is (c) Sertoli cells

To explain: The primary spermatocytes UNDERGO meiosis to produce HAPLOID spermatids. These spermatids attach to Sertoli cells (also called as nurse cells) to get nourishment while they mature to produce functional sperms which are RELEASED via the PROCESS of SPERMIATION.

Right choice is (b) Androgens

Easiest EXPLANATION: Androgens are a class of hormones that are lipid in nature. In MALES, TESTOSTERONE is the PRIMARY ANDROGEN while in females it is estrogen.

The correct option is (a) GONADOTROPHIN Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

The explanation: GnRH is the hormone RELEASED by the Hypothalamus which acts on the ANTERIOR pituitary gland to RELEASE LH and FSH which in turn LEADS to the onset of Spermatogenesis.

Right OPTION is (c) diploid

The explanation: Spermatogenesis produces haploid spermatids from diploid spermatogonia. A tetraploid person will have tetraploid spermatogonia which upon UNDERGOING MEIOSIS will RESULT in diploid spermatids. The person would be INFERTILE.

Correct option is (c) SPERMIOGENESIS

To elaborate: Spermatids are produced as a result of meiosis of spermatogonia and thus are haploid. These spermatogonia mature and DIFFERENTIATE further to PRODUCE SPERMS by the process of spermiogenesis.

The CORRECT choice is (a) puberty

The BEST I can explain: Spermatogenesis is the PROCESS of the production of SPERMS from spermatogonia in the testis. Puberty is the time of ONSET of this process.

Right CHOICE is (d) Involution

Easiest explanation: After the weaning of an INFANT, the process of lactation stops and the process of apoptosis begins. This is the controlled death of the mammary CELLS which eventually brings back the GLANDS to its puberty stage.

The CORRECT option is (b) True

Best explanation: Myoepithelial cells SURROUND the alveoli. CONTRACTIONS of these cells push the MILK through the ducts and out through the NIPPLE to feed the infant.

Right answer is (d) colostrum

To ELABORATE: Colostrum is the YELLOW FLUID that appears at the beginning of breast FEEDING. It is highly nutritious for the baby as that is the only thing that provides protection for the baby (rich in antibodies).

The correct option is (a) False

Explanation: MOTHER’s MILK provides postnatal NOURISHMENT for the baby and provides it with basic immunity through ANTIBODIES. Immunoglobulin A is FOUND the most in the milk.

Right option is (C) ampulla

For explanation: The alveoli OPENS into mammary TUBULES. The tubules of each lobe JOIN to FORM a mammary duct. Several mammary ducts join to form a wider mammary ampulla which is connected to lactiferous duct through which milk is sucked out.

Correct choice is (b) Mammary TUBULES

The best I can explain: The alveoli open into mammary tubules. The tubules of each lobe JOIN to form a mammary duct. Breasts are made up of glandular TISSUE.

Right answer is (c) Milk

The best explanation: The cells of alveoli secrete milk, which is STORED in the CAVITIES (LUMENS) of alveoli. BILE is secreted by the liver that helps digest lipids. Sweat is secreted by the sweat glands to maintain body temperature.

Correct ANSWER is (a) Vagina

The best I can explain: The vagina PROVIDES a passage for the menstrual FLOW, receives the male’s penis during COPULATION and serves as the lower birth canal at the TIME of delivery.

Right answer is (a) ALVEOLI

To explain I would say: The mammary GLANDS are made of GLANDULAR tissue. The glandular tissue of each BREAST is divided into 15-20 mammary lobes containing clusters of cells CALLED alveoli.

The correct answer is (B) Glandular tissue

To elaborate: A functional MAMMARY GLAND is DISTINCTIVE of all female mammals. The mammary glands are paired structures (breasts) that CONTAINS the glandular tissue and variable amounts of fat.

The correct CHOICE is (d) LABIA majora

Explanation: The labia majora and labia minora are equivalent to the male scrotum and comprise of the vulva. The opening of the vagina is often covered PARTIALLY by a MEMBRANE CALLED hymen.

The correct choice is (b) Labia minora

The explanation is: The labia minora (Small LIPS) are paired FOLDS of mucous MEMBRANE under the labia majora and are devoid of hair and sweat glands but are RICH in SEBACEOUS glands.

The correct choice is (a) hymen

Easiest explanation: The hymen, the thin membranous diaphragm at the VAGINAL ORIFICE, is often TORN during the first coitus (intercourse). Hymen maybe torn in other WAYS too, like sports, a disease, sudden jolt, etc. In some females, the hymen persists even after intercourse. Hence, presence or ABSENCE of hymen is an unreliable indicator.

Right answer is (a) Labia majora

The explanation is: The labia majora (LARGE Lips) are fleshy folds of skin containing sweat and sebaceous glands, which EXTEND down from the mons pubis and SURROUND the vaginal opening.

The correct answer is (b) False

The best I can EXPLAIN: Urinary Meatus, the opening of the urethra in the vestibule, is SITUATED below the CLITORIS and above the vaginal opening. Thus, in a human female the urethra and the genital duct have separate openings.

Right option is (a) Bartholin’s

Best explanation: The Bartholin’s glands or Vestibular glands are two bean shaped glands, one on EITHER side of the VAGINAL orifice. These glands secrete a clear, VISCOUS fluid under sexual EXCITEMENT.

Correct choice is (d) Mons pubis

The best I can explain: Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue COVERED by skin and pubic hair. The FEMALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA include mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora.

The correct choice is (b) CLITORIS

To explain I would say: The clitoris is a TINY finger-like STRUCTURE which LIES at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening. It is ERECTILE and highly sensitive and is equivalent to the male penis.

Right choice is (c) Vagina

The BEST I can explain: The FEMALE external genitalia INCLUDE mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, hymen and clitoris. The vagina is a fibro-muscular tube measuring 7.5-10cm in length, extending from the CERVIX of the uterus to the vestibule on the OUTER side.

The CORRECT choice is (B) True

The best I can EXPLAIN: Fertilization of the ovum TAKES place in the UPPER portion of the fallopian tube. The fallopian tubes convey the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

Right choice is (a) isthmus

The best I can explain: The INFUNDIBULUM LEADS to a long, WIDER, thin walled part of the oviduct CALLED ampulla. The last part of the oviduct, isthmus has a narrow lumen, short and thick walled and it joins the uterus.

Right option is (b) OVARIAN follicles

The EXPLANATION is: Ovarian Medulla contains many rounded or oval bodies, called ovarian follicles in VARIOUS stages of development. Each follicle contains a large OVUM surrounded by many LAYERS of follicle cells. The follicle cells of a maturing follicle secret oestrogens into the blood.

The CORRECT answer is (c) ostium

For EXPLANATION I would say: The opening of the infundibulum into the body CAVITY is CALLED ostium. The edges of the infundibulum possess MOTILE, finger-like projections called fimbriae, which help in collection of the ovum after ovulation.

The correct option is (a) OVIDUCTS

The best explanation: Fallopian TUBES are also called as oviducts. Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm long and extends from the periphery of each ovary to the UTERUS the PART CLOSER to the ovary is the funnel-shaped infundibulum.

The correct OPTION is (a) cortex

To EXPLAIN: The ovarian cortex has a white BODY or corpus ALBICANS. It represents the degenerating corpus luteum. Corpus Luteum secretes the hormone. Progesterone during pregnancy, and the hormone relaxin towards the end of pregnancy.

Correct choice is (b) cortex, medulla

For explanation: Each OVARY is a solid STRUCTURE consisting of ovarian EPITHELIUM, TUNICA albuginea, ovarian cortex and stroma. Stroma consists of an outer ovarian cortex and inner ovarian medulla.

The CORRECT choice is (b) OVARIES

To explain: Ovaries are the primary female sex ORGANS that produce the female gamete (ovum) and several STEROID hormones (ovarian hormones). Each ovary is ALMOND shaped, solid, greyish-pink in color.

Correct choice is (d) mesovarium

The best explanation: The ovaries are located ONE on each side of the LOWER ABDOMEN, near the kidney of its side. It is SUSPENDED from the dorsal body wall by a MESENTERY, called mesovarium.

The correct option is (a) simple cuboidal CELLS

The explanation: OVARIAN or GERMINAL epithelium is the outermost layer of ovary formed of simple cuboidal cells. It is ACTUALLY MODIFIED visceral peritoneum.