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Right choice is (C) HIGH

Best explanation: The SynoI process utilizes a high ratio of gas recycle, and because the products are CARRIED out of the reactor rapidly, the high-molecular-weight ALCOHOLS are not dehydrated.

Right option is (a) OXYGENATED material

Explanation: The ISOSYNTHESIS are designed to produce high YIELDS of oxygenated materials. The isosynthesis yields highly branched aliphatic hydrocarbons and AROMATICS.

The correct option is (b) False

The best EXPLANATION: The ISOSYNTHESIS yields both highly branched ALIPHATIC hydrocarbons and aromatics.

Correct option is (b) HIGH molecular weight

Best EXPLANATION: The high-molecular-weight alcohols are used as INTERMEDIATES for preparing surface-active agents and PLASTICIZERS.

The correct choice is (c) Paint DRIERS & Surface-active agent

Explanation: Derivatives of isooctyl alcohol such as isooctanoic acid and isooctylamine are USED in manufacturing paint driers and as surface-active AGENTS.

Correct option is (b) False

Easiest EXPLANATION: An alternative method of hydrogenation uses a COPPER chromite catalyst. In this CASE, METALLIC cobalt is removed from the crude product before hydrogenation.

Right option is (C) RAPIDLY

Best explanation: Low-molecular-weight OLEFINS REACT at LOWER temperatures and more rapidly than do the higher-molecular-weight olefins.

Correct answer is (C) 1:1

Explanation: Synthesis gas and an olefin are the REACTANTS of the OXO process. The ratio of H2: CO is USUALLY 1: 1.

Right choice is (a) Hydrofromylation

To elaborate: The reaction results in the addition of a HYDROGEN ATOM and the formyl group (CHO) to the DOUBLE bond, it would more properly be called HYDROFORMYLATION.

Correct CHOICE is (a) PRIMARY alcohol

Explanation: The COMMERCIAL process of Oxo process involves a second STEP in which aldehydes are reduced with hydrogen to primary ALCOHOLS.

The correct answer is (b) Aldehydes

Easiest EXPLANATION: This REACTION of an olefin with hydrogen and carbon MONOXIDE in the presence of a cobalt CATALYST to PRODUCE aldehydes, containing one carbon atom more than that of the hydrocarbon in the feed.

The correct CHOICE is (d) All of the mentioned

For explanation I would say: THREE processes, the Oxo, Synol, and ISOSYNTHE are RELATED to the Fischer-Tropsch process in that hydrocarbons or oxygated chemicals are produced from mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Right CHOICE is (c) Remove heat

To EXPLAIN: The advantage of this TECHNIQUE is that only small amounts of END gas need be recycled to remove the heat of reaction because of the relatively high heat TRANSFER obtained in the fluid bed.

The CORRECT choice is (B) Exothermic

To explain: METHANATION is highly exothermic, there being an evolution of 49.27 KCAL per MOLE (29S.2°K) of methane.

Correct ANSWER is (d) 3:1

Easiest explanation: Explanation: Four volumes of SYNTHESIS gas is consumed per volume of methane FORMED. A feed gas of 3H2: 1CO ratio is DESIRABLE in ACCORDANCE with the reaction.

Correct CHOICE is (c) Nickel

To EXPLAIN: High-Btu gas consisting PRINCIPALLY of methane can be produced by conversion of synthesis gas over nickel or iron CATALYSTS; nickel is more active.

Right OPTION is (C) Coal

Easiest explanation: Sasol Plant. A commercial Fischer-Tropsch plant using coal as RAW material was put on STREAM.

The CORRECT choice is (a) 5000 bbl

Best EXPLANATION: In Sasol plant, the daily capacity of the plant is about 5,000 bbl of total liquid products. Coal CONSUMPTION is 5,000 tons per day, of which 1,800 tons is for the power plant and 3,200 tons for gasification.

The correct OPTION is (C) 7000 bbl

Easy explanation: The rated capacity of the Brownsville plant is 7,000 bbl of PRODUCTS per day, but this production was never REACHED because of OPERATING difficulties.

Right option is (a) High gradient

The explanation is: A uniform AMOUNT of reaction has been assumed through the CATALYST bed. When the reaction occurs non uniformly and a large amount of conversion takes PLACE in a limited area, as is often the case NEAR the point of ENTRY of the fresh gas, the gradients are higher.

Correct choice is (c) BROWNSVILLE Plant

To ELABORATE: The FIRST American synthetic-fuels plant was constructed at Brownsville, TEX., by the Carthage Hydrocol COMPANY in 1951.

Right option is (b) False

Easiest explanation: The shape and size of the catalyst must be DESIGNED to AVOID excessive pressure drop and high COSTS for CIRCULATING gas.

Correct choice is (b) False

Easiest explanation: Heat removal for the most PART may be considered to take place either directly, as in the OIL- or gas-cooled SYSTEMS where the catalyst surface .s in CONTACT with the cooling medium, or indirectly, as in the fixed or fluid BEDS where heat must be transferred through the bed to a cooling surface.

The correct answer is (d) Fluid BED process

Explanation: Synthesis in a fluid bed of CATALYST, in a manner similar to that employed for CATALYTIC cracking of HYDROCARBONS.

The CORRECT option is (c) High cost

The best I can explain: In German fixed-bed reactor, low OUTPUT and complex fabrication, the fixed cost per UNIT of product was quite high. Other types of reactors were developed because of these inherent drawbacks.

Correct answer is (b) GERMAN fixed-bed PROCESS

To elaborate: The OIL-circulation process is SIMILAR to the slurry system in that the catalyst is submerged in a high-boiling oil which serves to remove the heat of reaction and permit CLOSE control of the temperature.

Right ANSWER is (C) Large size

Explanation: In oil circulation, larger catalyst particles are used, either granules or massive IRON or steel such as shot or lathe TURNINGS.

The correct choice is (b) Pulverized PARTICLES

To explain I WOULD say: The slurry CONSISTS of finely pulverized catalyst particles SUSPENDED in a high-boiling oil to which the heat of reaction is transferred.

Right ANSWER is (c) Large

To ELABORATE: SLURRY, SYNTHESIS with a slurried catalyst has been investigated in large pilot PLANTS.

The CORRECT choice is (d) All of the mentioned

Easiest explanation: Germany employed a fixed bed of GRANULAR or EXTRUDED catalyst. In ORDER to provide adequate cooling surface for heat removal, the reactors were of a COMPLEX design and of low capacity.

The correct option is (b) FIRST

Best EXPLANATION: The reaction over iron catalysts is APPROXIMATELY first ORDER.

Right choice is (a) True

Explanation: The rate of the synthesis is virtually independent of pressure with cobalt, for iron it is almost linear with the pressure (at least up to 675 psi) and APPROXIMATELY PROPORTIONAL to the partial PRESSURES of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Right OPTION is (c) -dF = 2.303 RT log k

For explanation: The EQUILIBRIUM constants were CALCULATED from the standard-state free energies,-dF = 2.303 RT log k. where R is the gas constant and T the absolute temperature in DEGREES Kelvin.

Correct choice is (B) HIGH

The explanation: The high values of the equilibrium constants INDICATE that 250-350°C is a favourable OPERATING range.

Correct option is (C) More NEGATIVE

To ELABORATE: dF becomes less negative with increasing TEMPERATURE, but is still highly negative up to 350°C.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (a) EXOTHERMIC

To EXPLAIN: Fischer-Tropsh reaction is highly exothermic reaction.

Correct answer is (a) OLEFINS

To explain: The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis MAY be REPRESENTED by the following reactions to produce PARAFFINS and olefins.

Correct choice is (C) NICKEL

For explanation I would say: Nickel catalysts have been prepared by precipitation from a nitrate solution with potassium carbonate in the PRESENCE of thoria and kieselguhr in the proportions 100Ni: 18ThO2: 100 kieselguhr.