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Difference between the books is that Digital Image Processing (DIP) deals PRIMARILY with the theoretical foundation of digital image processing, while Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB (DIPUM) is a book whose main focus is the USE of MATLAB for image processing. The DIPUM book covers essentially the same topics as DIP, but the theoretical treatment is not as detailed. Some instructors prefer to FILL in the theoretical details in class in FAVOR of having available a book with a strong emphasis on implementation.

Difference between the books is that Digital Image Processing (DIP) deals primarily with the theoretical foundation of digital image processing, while Digital Image Processing Using MATLAB (DIPUM) is a book whose main focus is the use of MATLAB for image processing. The DIPUM book covers essentially the same topics as DIP, but the theoretical treatment is not as detailed. Some instructors prefer to fill in the theoretical details in class in favor of having available a book with a strong emphasis on implementation.

SUBJECTIVE brightness means INTENSITY as preserved by the human visual system.

Brightness adaptation means the human visual system can operate only from scotopic to glare limit. It cannot operate over the RANGE simultaneously. It ACCOMPLISHES this large variation by CHANGES in its overall intensity.

Subjective brightness means intensity as preserved by the human visual system.

Brightness adaptation means the human visual system can operate only from scotopic to glare limit. It cannot operate over the range simultaneously. It accomplishes this large variation by changes in its overall intensity.

1. RGB MODEL
2. CMY model
3. YIQ model
4. HSI model

The need for transform is most of the signals or images are TIME domain signal (ie) signals can be measured with a function of time. This representation is not always BEST. For most IMAGE processing applications ANYONE of the mathematical transformation are applied to the signal or images to obtain further INFORMATION from that signal.

The need for transform is most of the signals or images are time domain signal (ie) signals can be measured with a function of time. This representation is not always best. For most image processing applications anyone of the mathematical transformation are applied to the signal or images to obtain further information from that signal.

Image ENHANCEMENT PROCESS is purely dependent on the application where we need to use the enhanced image and the type of degradation in the image. Few solutions from my basic knowledge

1. If image contain so much NOISES, APPLY filtering operations such as mean/median etc.
2. If the image is looking too dark or or too bright apply histogram equilization process to improve the contrast.
3. If the image is blurred apply SHARPENING operations in the image.

Image enhancement process is purely dependent on the application where we need to use the enhanced image and the type of degradation in the image. Few solutions from my basic knowledge

RECOGNITION means is a process that assigns a label to an object BASED on the information PROVIDED by its descriptors.Interpretation means assigning meaning to a RECOGNIZED object.

Recognition means is a process that assigns a label to an object based on the information provided by its descriptors.Interpretation means assigning meaning to a recognized object.

The region reserved brightness not depend on its INTENSITY but ALSO on its background. All CENTRE square have same intensity. HOWEVER they appear to the EYE to become darker as the background becomes lighter.

The region reserved brightness not depend on its intensity but also on its background. All centre square have same intensity. However they appear to the eye to become darker as the background becomes lighter.

Luminance MEASURED in lumens (lm), GIVES a measure of the amount of ENERGY an OBSERVER perceiver from a light SOURCE.

Luminance measured in lumens (lm), gives a measure of the amount of energy an observer perceiver from a light source.

Hue is a COLOR attribute that describes a pure color where SATURATION gives a MEASURE of the degree to which a pure color is DILUTED by WHITE light.

Hue is a color attribute that describes a pure color where saturation gives a measure of the degree to which a pure color is diluted by white light.

1. IMAGE ACQUISITION
2. STORAGE
3. PROCESSING
4. DISPLAY

• The PIXEL p at co-ordinates (x, y) has 4 NEIGHBORS (ie) 2 horizontal and 2 vertical neighbors whose co-ordinates is given by (x+1, y), (x-1,y), (x,y-1), (x, y+1). This is called as direct neighbors. It is denoted by N4(P)
• Four diagonal neighbors of p have co-ordinates (x+1, y+1), (x+1,y-1), (x-1, y-1),(x-1, y+1). It is denoted by ND(4).
• Eight neighbors of p denoted by N8(P) is a combination of 4 direct neighbors and 4 diagonal neighbors.

In software engineering, STRUCTURAL DESIGN PATTERNS are design patterns that ease the design by identifying a simple WAY to realize relationships between entities.

In software engineering, structural design patterns are design patterns that ease the design by identifying a simple way to realize relationships between entities.

• Short term storage for USE during processing.
• ONLINE storage for relatively FAST RECALL.
• Archival storage for INFREQUENT access.

Illumination is the amount of SOURCE light incident on the scene. It is represented as i(x, y). REFLECTANCE is the amount of light REFLECTED by the object in the scene. It is represented by R(x, y).

Illumination is the amount of source light incident on the scene. It is represented as i(x, y). Reflectance is the amount of light reflected by the object in the scene. It is represented by r(x, y).

• Image rectification is a transformation process used to project two-or-more images ONTO a COMMON image plane.
• It corrects image distortion by transforming the image into a standard COORDINATE system.
• It is used in computer stereo vision to simplify the PROBLEM of finding matching points between images.
• It is used in geographic information systems to MERGE images taken from multiple perspectives into a common map coordinate system.

•  IMAGE ACQUISITION
•  Preprocessing
•  Segmentation
•  REPRESENTATION and DESCRIPTION
•  Recognition and Interpretation

Subjective brightness means intensity as preserved by the HUMAN visual system.Brightness ADAPTATION means the human visual system can operate only from SCOTOPIC to glare limit. It cannot operate over the range simultaneously. It accomplishes this LARGE variation by changes in its overall intensity.

Subjective brightness means intensity as preserved by the human visual system.Brightness adaptation means the human visual system can operate only from scotopic to glare limit. It cannot operate over the range simultaneously. It accomplishes this large variation by changes in its overall intensity.

IMAGE translation means reposition the image from ONE co-ordinate location to another along straight line path.

Scaling is used to alter the size of the object or image (ie) a co-ordinate SYSTEM is scaled by a FACTOR.

Image translation means reposition the image from one co-ordinate location to another along straight line path.

Scaling is used to alter the size of the object or image (ie) a co-ordinate system is scaled by a factor.

Photopic VISION /Scotopic vision

1. The HUMAN being can resolve the fine DETAILS with these cones because each one is connected to its own nerve end.
2. This is ALSO KNOWN as bright light vision.

Photopic vision /Scotopic vision

Sampling means digitizing the co-ordinate value (x, y).QUANTIZATION means digitizing the AMPLITUDE value. SEVERAL rods are connected to one nerve end. So it gives the overall picture of the image.This is also known as THIN lightvision.

Sampling means digitizing the co-ordinate value (x, y).Quantization means digitizing the amplitude value. Several rods are connected to one nerve end. So it gives the overall picture of the image.This is also known as thin lightvision.

Sampling MEANS digitizing the co-ordinate value (X, y).
Quantization means digitizing the AMPLITUDE value.

Sampling means digitizing the co-ordinate value (x, y).
Quantization means digitizing the amplitude value.

Machband effect means the INTENSITY of the stripes is constant. Therefore it PRESERVES the brightness PATTERN near the BOUNDARIES, these BANDS are called as machband effect.

Machband effect means the intensity of the stripes is constant. Therefore it preserves the brightness pattern near the boundaries, these bands are called as machband effect.

In each EYE, CONES are in the RANGE 6-7 MILLION and RODS are in the range 75-150 million.

In each eye, cones are in the range 6-7 million and rods are in the range 75-150 million.

The region reserved BRIGHTNESS not depend on its intensity but ALSO on its background. All centre square have same intensity. HOWEVER they appear to the eye to become darker as the background becomes LIGHTER.

The region reserved brightness not depend on its intensity but also on its background. All centre square have same intensity. However they appear to the eye to become darker as the background becomes lighter.

D4 DISTANCE ( CITY block distance) is DEFINED by
D4(p, q) = |x-s| + |y-t|

D8 distance(chess board distance) is defined by
D8(p, q) = max(|x-s|, |y-t|).

D4 distance ( city block distance) is defined by
D4(p, q) = |x-s| + |y-t|

D8 distance(chess board distance) is defined by
D8(p, q) = max(|x-s|, |y-t|).

<P>PATH from pixel p with co-ordinates (x, y) to pixel Q with co-ordinates (s,t) is a sequence of DISTINCT pixels with co-ordinates.

Path from pixel p with co-ordinates (x, y) to pixel q with co-ordinates (s,t) is a sequence of distinct pixels with co-ordinates.

When x, y and the amplitude values of F all are FINITE discrete QUANTITIES , we CALL the image DIGITAL image.

When x, y and the amplitude values of f all are finite discrete quantities , we call the image digital image.

Mach band effect means the intensity of the stripes is CONSTANT. Therefore it preserves the brightness pattern near the BOUNDARIES, these BANDS are CALLED as mach band effect.

Mach band effect means the intensity of the stripes is constant. Therefore it preserves the brightness pattern near the boundaries, these bands are called as mach band effect.

TRANSFORMATION is used to alter the co-ordinate description of image.The basic GEOMETRIC transformations are

1. Image translation
2. Scaling
3. Image ROTATION

Transformation is used to alter the co-ordinate description of image.The basic geometric transformations are

A digital IMAGE is COMPOSED of a FINITE number of elements each of which has a PARTICULAR location or value. These elements are referred to as pixels or image elements or PICTURE elements or pixls elements.

A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements each of which has a particular location or value. These elements are referred to as pixels or image elements or picture elements or pixls elements.

The HUE of a PERCEIVED color depends on the adoption of the VIEWER. For example,the AMERICAN Flag will not immediately appear red, white, and blue of the viewer has been subjected to high INTENSITY red light before viewing the flag. The color of the flag will appear to shift in hue toward the red component cyan.

The hue of a perceived color depends on the adoption of the viewer. For example,the American Flag will not immediately appear red, white, and blue of the viewer has been subjected to high intensity red light before viewing the flag. The color of the flag will appear to shift in hue toward the red component cyan.

The two TYPES of light receptors are

•  CONES.
•  Rods.

The two types of light receptors are