Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

The dispute over the marking of boundaries has never been resolved and this has led to constant cross border infiltration.

Answer is B. Kashmir

D) Mujibur Rehaman

1. Recommendations of State Reorganization Committee

The Telugu speaking community of Madras (group -A state) launched a strong protest for their own separate state. The government accepted their demand. So on 1^st October, 1953, a Andhra Pradesh was formed as a new state on linguistic basis. In December 1953, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed the ‘States Reorganization Committee’ to reorganize all Indian states.

This was headed by Fazed Ali, retired chief justice of the Supreme Court. The bill regarding reorganization of states was implemented from 1^st November, 1956. According to the recommendation of the ‘States Reorganization Committee’ the four categories were renounced and fourteen new states and six union territories were formed. Most of the states (except Bombay and Punjab) were formed on the basis of language.

2. Relationship between Indie end Pakistan

Relations between India and Pakistan have always been bitter. The dispute over the marking of boundaries has never been resolved and this has led to constant cross border infiltration. The Kashmir issue has added fuel to this fire and worsened the relations of the two countries. India and Pakistan were at war thrice; in the years 1948, 1965 and 1971. Pakistan was defeated at all three times. Tashkent Agreement and Shimla Agreement were the two post war agreements signed by India and Pakistan. However, Pakistan has not followed the clauses of these agreements. When Pakistani forces entered Kargil in 1999. India had to use her military force. India conducted nuclear tests in 1998 followed by Pakistan. Thus, both countries have nuclear weapons today.

The Tashkent and the Shimla agreements have been signed between India and Pakistan.

C) Indian National Congress.

The two main questions that divided political opinion were: 

1. What place agriculture should have in the larger development strategy?

 2. How should resources be allocated between industry and agriculture?

After independence the princely states were merged into the Indian Union. We had adopted the federal system of government. Hence, there arose a question of forming and reorganizing states as the major components of the Union of India. The constitution was implemented on 26^th January, 1950. At that time India emerged as a Union with four categories of states, namely, A, B, C and D in India.

The Telugu speaking community of Madras (group – A state) launched a strong protest for their own separate state. The government accepted their demand. So on 1st October, 1953, Andhra Pradesh was formed as a new state on linguistic basis. In December 1953, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed the ‘States Reorganization Committee’ to reorganize all Indian states. This was headed by Fazal Ali, retired chief justice of the Supreme Court. The bill regarding reorganization of states was implemented from 1^st November, 1956.

C) Before reorganisation of states

Two major linguistic groups – Marathi and Gujarati – lived in Bombay.

The partition of the country on the basis of religion had created doubts and fears about the security and stability of India in the minds of the leadership. There was the fear that language reorganization would lead to breaking up of the country.

Correct option is B) USA

The planners felt that for the country to develop it was essential to develop industries so that more people can shift to towns to work in factories and in the service sector. Hence from the Second Five Year Plan onwards, the emphasis shifted to industries.

Due to division of bilingual state of Bombay, two separate states namely Gujarat and Maharashtra were formed.

B) Tamilnadu

'Maha Gujarat Janta Parishad’ was formed under the leadership of Indulal Yagnik in September, 1956, for the formation of a separate Gujarat state from Bombay.

Correct option is D) Ambedkar

Potti Sriramulu demanding the formation of a separate Telugu speaking state died after 58 days of fasting in October 1952. Consequently, the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu were created.

i) China and India.

ii) 1951

iii) Indira Gandhi

iv) A large increase in the production of food grains due to the introduction of high yielding varieties, to the use of pesticides and to better management techniques.

1. Too much centralisation of power makes that power totalitarian and takes it towards fascist ideals. , 

2. After the record victory of 1971 elections, Indira Gandhi gained control over Congress Party and Parliament. 

3. Most people suffered inflation, rising prices of essential commodities, unemployment and scarcity of food, but when their grievances were not addressed they supported JP movement. 

4. To stop that movement she imposed emergency. 

5. During Emergency, Democracy was put on hold.

To establish a foreign policy on the basis of Gandhian principles like peace and non-violence.

As for the immediate neighbours Nehru formulated the Panchsheel policy of noninterference in each other’s internal affairs.

India, Indonesia, Egypt together built a policy of not joining either of the power camp named the Non-Alignment Movement.

B. Andhra Pradesh

C) to act favouring the unity of the nation

1. DMK in Tamil Nadu believed the passage of Official Languages Act, 1963 was an attempt to foist Hindi on the rest of the country. 

2. They started a statewide campaign protesting the imposition of Hindi. This was called anti- Hindi agitation. 

3. They organised strikes, dharnas, burning effigies, Hindi books as well as pages of Constitution. 

4. The government made English and Hindi as official languages. 

5. Till now, Tamilians have anti feelings towards Hindi.

B) Tamilnadu

Panchsheel policy: An agreement between India and China made respect territorial Integrity and sovereignty of nations and practise peaceful coexistence.

B) DMK party

Left of the centre group: This group in a party or government usually supports state control and nationalisation and socialism.

Anti-Hindi agitations: A statewide campaign by DMK In Tamil Nadu against the imposition of Hindi as the official language for the country.

B) Arab – Israeli War – 1972

Green revolution: Use of high yielding varieties (seeds) for the increase of crop production and better water management

The existing strategy was not increasing food production, there was a shift to different strategy between the years 1964-67. This attempted to secure the cooperation of the state governments as well as increase food production. In a way it also reflected the changes in economic policy after the death of Nehru and also the changes in economic thinking as well.

Results of Green Revolution: 

1.  Increase in net sown area 
2.  Increase in double-cropped area 
3.  Progress in the irrigation sector
4.  Increase in per hectare yield level 
5.  Increase in the area under High Yielding Varieties 
6.  Increase in the use of fertilizers.

Nationalisation : (of a government) The act of taking control of a business or industry.

Regional movements: The movement by the people of a region to preserve 2nd promote the language, customs, culture, economy and the way of life of that region.

State Party: In a state, if a party wins 3% of valid votes or 3 Assembly seats, it is declared as a regional/state party. A party can be recognised in more than one state. 

National Party: If a party is recognized in four states with 6% of valid votes or 11 Loksabha M.P seats from 4 different states, it is called a national party.

Election Commission: An autonomous body that conducts elections to the Parliament and state legislatures in a free and fair manner.

• In 1967 elections show the big transition in India where many regional parties came to power.
• It propounded India is moving towards a multiparty system.

Land reforms were implemented in a halfhearted manner across India. While Zamindari system was abolished, redistribution of land to the landless did not take place. The rich and powerful in the rural areas continued to control most of the land. The Dalits continued to be landless but benefitted from the abolition of forced labour and abolition of untouchability.

1. Single party system – prevailing only one party

2. Multi-party system – prevailing many parties

To overcome the problem of illiteracy.

According to Nehru’s proposal of land reforms are: 

1. Abolition of Zamindari System 

2. Tenancy reforms 

3. Land ceiling. Some land is fixed. No one should hold more than that extent.

1. The first general elections in independent India were immensely significant for Indian democracy. 

2. It represented India’s determination to take the path of democracy. 

3. Earlier British provided franchise to propertied and educated as well as taxpayers only. 

4. But independent India wanted every adult to indicate his choice. 

5. That is how democracy would be more meaningful.

6. So, independent India adopted Universal Adult Franchise immediately.

Universal Adult Franchise:

 All the people who attain the age of 18 years, irrespective of caste, creed, religion gender language have the right to vote.