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Correct Answer is : (c) Third

1. Tata Iron and Steel Company 

2. Indian Iron and Steel Company 

3. Visvesvaraiya Iron and Steel Works (Karnataka) 

4. Rourkela Steel Plant (Odisha) 

5. Bhilai Steel Plant (Chhattisgarh) 

6. Durgapur Steel Plant (West Bengal) 

7. Bokaro Steel Plant (Jharkhand) 

8. Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (Andhra Pradesh) 

9. Vijayanagar Steel Plant, Hospet (Karnataka) 

10.Selam Steel Plant (Tamil Nadu)

Bokaro Steel Plant: With Russian collaboration established at Bokaro in Jharkhand, this steel plant is founded on the basis of minimum transportation cost, according to which, Rourkela and Bokaro both jointly get iron ore from Rourkela region and in return coals are carried to Rourkela by goods train. Water and hydro – electricity to this plant is supplied from Damodar Valley Corporation.

Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO): This plant is located near Mumbai – Kolkata railway route in Jamshedpur in Jharkhand. This plant obtains iron ore from Noamandi and Badam Hills, coal from mines situated in the state of Odisha, coaking coal from Jharia and western Bokaro and water from Subarnarekha and Kharkai river.

(c) Bengaluru

Correct Answer is : (c) Bhilai

The first attempt in this field was done in 1940 in Bengaluru, in the form of Hindustan Aircraft Limited. In 1964, Hindustan Aeronotics limited was founded. Its units are located in Bengaluru, Kanpur, Nashik, Koraput, Hyderabad and Korba (Lucknow).

It is under (RINL)Rastriya Ispat Nigam Limited

(c) Singhbhum

(c) Ludhiana

Bauxite is necessary raw meterial for aluminium industry.

Kulti, Burnpur, and Hirapur.

Major problems include competition with foreign market, incapability to increase exports, centralization of power resources, high cost of production, domestic big market etc.

Agriculture – based industries are:

1. Cotton textile 

2. Jute textile.

On the basis of modern technique, this is the first plant to be established which is situated at sea port. Due to being near to the port, it is easy to export and import. 

For iron and steel plant: 

1. Iron ore is obtained from Bailadila mines. 

2. Coal is obtained from Damodar Valley. 

3. Manganese, dolomite and limestone is obtained from the mines of Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

From this plant, during the year 2008 – 09, 29.4 lakh tons of hot metal, 26.2 lakh tons of liquid steel and 23.8 lakh tons of sale able steel was produced.

Lakheri, Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Beawar, Modak etc.

Bagalkor, Bari, Bhadrawati, Bengaluru, Kurkanta, Shahbad, Aamsandra, Bijapur, Tumkur and Gulbarga etc.

In context to bicycle Industry, India is at the second major rank after China. At present, the major center is Ludhiana in India.

Correct Answer is: (a) M.P.

Tata Iron and Steel Company.

By producing 21 lakh tons of Aluminium per year, it is at first rank in Asia.

On November 2, 2005, approval was given to National Steel Policy by the central government in which aim was fixed to increase production from 4 crore 21 lakh tons to 11 crore tons by 2019 – 20. To achieve this target, there is a possibility of investment of 2.5 lakh crore jointly by public and private sector.

Rajasthan is one of the major cement producing state in India, Lakheri, Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Udaipur, Beawar etc. are main centres. 

Following factors are responsible for development of cement industry: 

1. Local availability of gypsum and limestone. 

2. Extended market facility. 

3. Adequate transport facilities. 

4. Substantial capital. 

5. Cheap electric power. 

6. Availability of adequate labour force, etc.

Kanpur is the main center of cotton textile industry in U.P. It is called the Manchester of North India.

Huge capital requirement, lack of electricity, lack of coal availability, lack of goods carriage, lack of water etc. are major problems of cement industry.

In India, the first organised attempt to make cement from sea shells was done in Madras in 1904.

The primary factory for making Railway engine is established in Ajmer and Jamalpur [Bihar] by the Railway department. Till the year 1940, in workshop of Ajmer, 446 engines, and 346 boilers were made. At present, they have been closed.

Son river valley is significant in context to cement industry. Sindri, Dalmianagar, Japla, Khelari, Chaibasa, Banjari and Kalyanpur have cement industries.

It was established by Khatau company.

Lakheri is situated in Bundi district of Rajasthan.

This industry is one of the traditional industries .of India. The factors affecting its centralization are raw – material, cheap labour availability in local areas, closeness to the market, availability of cheap electricity, local investment and port facility etc.

In India, cotton textile is an ancient and traditional industry. Its record is found in the manuscripts of Herodotus (434 BC), discovery of Harappa and Mohenjo – daro (5000 to 8000 BC) and in the Pyramids of Egypt. In ancient time, Roman women took pride in wearing Indian silk and Chintz. In ancient, time the entire textile work was done by handlooms. Major centers were present between Nagapatnam and Dhaka on the eastern coast and Surat – Bharuch situated on the western coast.

In India, modern were industry was started in Kolkata, in 1818 by Kavas Ji Dabur. The number of mills became 12 by 1861. The number of mills increased to 417 by 1945. After independence, continuous development took place in cotton textile industry. At present, this industry is providing employment to almost 4.5 crore people. The number of organised mills in textile industry is 1969. Out of these, 1717 are spinning and 198 are composite mills. In India, the consumption of cloth per person per year was 43.1 square meter in 2009 – 10.

Causes of Much Centralization in Maharashtra and Gujarat: Following are the causes:

1. In both states, climate is wet due to coastal location. This is ideal for cotton textile. 

2. Black soil is found in both states which is more suitable for cotton production. 

3. Due to coastal location import and export facilities are there. 

4. Due to large population in both states, sufficient market is found here. 

5. Due to development of transportation, ideal conditions have emerged. 

6. Inclination of people of these states towards industries and capital availability provided ideal condition to this industry.

After achieving Independence, the cement industry grew rapidly. In 1951, there were 21 plants in the country. In the year 1956, they increased to 27, in the year 1960 – 61, they increased to 34, in the year 1990 – 1991, they increased to 92. By the end of March 2015, there were 209 big cement plants in the country, with production capacity of 37.83 crore tons. Besides this, production of other 365 small plants was 33.63 million tons

Madhya Pradesh is the major cement producing state of India. 12% of total cement production of India is produced here. Jamul Plant is the biggest cement factory. Apart from this, cement is also produced in Satna, Maihar, Kasoon, Gopalnagar Ankaltara, Banyor, Nimach, Gwalior, Katni and Damoh.

It was established by Killick Nixon company in Bundi.

Sugarcane is the only and most important raw material for sugar industry. In total weight of sugarcane, the weight of sucrose (sugar) is between 9% to 12%. Sugarcane is a weight loss agriculture crop. During cutting to loading period, quantity of sucrose reduces. If the juice from sugarcane is extracted in the sugar mills within 24 hours of its cutting, then the quantity of sugar obtained from it is the maximum. After this, the percentage of sugar declines as time passes. That is why most of the sugar mills are located near sugarcane producing regions. Thus, sugar industry is considered a raw material oriented industry.

Ahmednagar is the biggest sugar producing center in Maharashtra. Here, 11 sugar mills are established.

Correct Answer is : (c) Sikka

Jamul (M.P.) is the biggest plant of cement situated in the country.

(c) Maharashtra

Agricultural produce are the raw materials in agro-based industry, while minerals are the raw materials in mineral-based industry.

Answer: (b) Jute

The warm and moist climate of Mumbai, proximity to port, availability of raw material and skilled labour helped in rapid expansion of this industry in the region.

Both the places have a large number of educational and IT institutions which provide a steady supply of human resources. The climate is moderate. Infrastructure is good with good connectivity.

Answer: (c) Information technology

Answer: (b) California

The information technology industry has developed significantly in Bengaluru. Thus, it is called Silicon Valley of India.

Burnpur, Hirapur, Kulti, Durgapur, Bokaro.

Two causes were there:

1. Exploitation policy during British period.

2. Industrial revolution.

Two industries got encouragement:

1. British industry which was unable to fulfill the demand of Indian market (as – cotton clothes, woolen clothes, cement industry). 

2. Those industries whose raw material was not profitable to be carried to Britain (such as – sugar and jute industries).