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Correct answer is (b) Sulfuric ACID

The best EXPLANATION: Lead is USED as cathode; Titanium is used as anode, quaternary ammonium salt solution as catholyte, and sulfuric acid as anolyte. For anolyte and catholyte, SEPARATE fluid CIRCULATING systems are maintained.

Right answer is (a) \(\frac{1}{2}\) O2+ CO2+ 2e^–→CO3^-2

Best explanation: \(\frac{1}{2}\) O2+ CO2+ 2e^–→CO3^-2 being reduction REACTION takes place at cathode. C+2CO3^-2→3CO2+ 4e^– Is an ANODIC reaction for CH4, CO+CO3^-2→ 2CO2+ 2e^– is an anodic reaction for CO and H2+ CO3^-2 →H2 O+CO2+ 2e^– is an anodic reaction for H2.

Right option is (b) 93-98%

Best explanation: 93-98% of sulphuric ACID is needed in the PRODUCTION of phosphoric acid, while 32% PHOSPHATE ROCK is needed. This sulphuric acid is reacts with Ca(PO4)^2 to produce GYPSUM as intermediate product.

Right ANSWER is (d) Mgcl2

Easy explanation: In KCL recovery process a high concentration of magnesium chloride solutions remain as ‘final LIQUOR’ CONTAINING only small amount of alkali chloride. Mgcl2 is much more water soluble than KCl at low temperature.

Right answer is (d) CAUSTIC scrubbing

To elaborate: Caustic scrubbing is DONE in order to have amine absorption of CO2. CUPROUS scrubbing and liquid N2 scrubbing is done in order to REMOVE traces of CO and CO2.

Correct answer is (c) RH PROMOTED

For explanation: ALKALI and metallic compounds promoted promoters are used in the production of sulfuric ACID. While alloying platinum with 2-10% rhodium promoted is used in order to improve yield at a given set of conditions in NITRIC acid production.

The correct choice is (B) 3.5% dinitrotoluene

The best explanation: 9% ADIPIC acid USED in ORDER to PRODUCE fiber and plastics precursor while 3.5% nitrobenzene is used for the production of aniline 1% nitro compounds for the production of explosives. Thus 3.5% dinitrotoluene is for the production of toluene-diisocyanate.

The correct CHOICE is (C) Inventa process

Easiest explanation: In inventa process, unconverted NH3 is ABSORBED in aqueous urea nitrate solution, then stripped and returned to AUTOCLAVE. It provides better temperature control. Recycle gases are absorbed in stamicarbon process.

The correct option is (a) Atmospheric FLASH drum

Easy explanation: The AQUEOUS SOLUTION of carbamate and urea is PASSED to the atmospheric flash drum for further decomposition of carbamate.

The correct CHOICE is (a) To reduce porous IRON

Explanation: In ammonia PRODUCTION, preheated gas flows next through the inside of the tube which CONTAINS promoted porous iron oxide and this help to reduce porous iron in the start-up phases of operation in the synthesis reactor.

The correct CHOICE is (a) 17

To explain: The formula of Ammonia is NH3, WEIGHT of nitrogen is 14 and weight of hydrogen is 1.Weight of Ammonia is 14+ 3*1 = 17.

Right choice is (a) 200 MESH

The EXPLANATION is: The particle size range of 200 mesh was found to be an economic BALANCE between heat transfer rate from combustion gases plus RESIDENCE time, as dictated by rate of fall of particles, tower height, and grinding costs.

The correct CHOICE is (b) H= G+PV

The EXPLANATION: Thermodynamics functions are A = U – TS, G = H-TS, S = dQ/T and H = G+PV is not the correct ONE.

Correct OPTION is (a) HEAVY WATER

Explanation: COOLANTS to remove liberated energy are – Na, NaK, Bi, purified H2, deuterium oxide or heavy water while zirconium, aluminum are the materials with low absorption property for neutrons.

Correct choice is (a) Quicklime

For EXPLANATION: Pure quicklime is used as raw material in hydrated lime PROCESS. Quicklime lump, crushed to 2 cm or less, is added along with water or steam to a vertical cylindrical pug MILL containing 18-24 extended HORIZONTAL arms.

The CORRECT CHOICE is (d) Plasma

The explanation is: Gas under high equivalent temperature gas systems is TERMED as Plasma. Plasma contains high velocity ELECTRONS, anode and cathode MATERIAL, and ions of the original gaseous media.

The correct option is (a) \(\FRAC{∆G}{∆H} \)

Best explanation: Efficiency of a fuel cell is CONVERSION of ∆H to ∆G(useful electrical energy), HENCE the IDEAL or REVERSIBLE efficiency is given by \(ƞ_r=\frac{∆G}{∆H}=1-\frac{T∆S}{∆H}.\)

Correct answer is (c) \(H_2+2OH^-\rightarrow 2H_2 O+ 2E^-\)

EXPLANATION: \(H_2+\frac{1}{2}O_2\rightarrow H_2 O\) is an overall reaction WHEREAS\(H_2 O \rightarrow H_2+ O_2\)is an unbalanced reaction. \(O_2+H_2 O+ 2e^-\rightarrow HO_2^-+ OH^-\)is a reduction reaction which takes place at cathode, and \(H_2+2OH^-\rightarrow 2H_2 O+ 2e^-\) is the anodic reaction (OXIDATION reaction).

The CORRECT choice is (c) Arc process

For explanation I WOULD say: In arc process, electrons are released by THERMIONIC EMISSION at the cathode bombard the anode, causing heating and volatilization of anode material. The PLASMA consists of high velocity electrons, ions of the original gaseous media, plus anode and cathode material.

Right answer is (b) Wet process by HCl leaching

Explanation: Wet process by HCl leaching is the economical process in India, because of EXCESS CHLORINE and LOW sulfur content and we can produce ammonium sulfate from gypsum in H2SO4 process.

Correct OPTION is (d) Phosphate rock+H3PO4

Explanation: Triple-SUPERPHOSPHATE can be made by REACTING phosphate rock with phosphoric acid. It CONTAINS 42-50% P2O5 while ‘phosphate rock+H2SO4’ gives superphosphate.

Right option is (a) Epsom SALTS

To explain: K2SO4 is RECOVERED from epsom salts in recovery of byproducts of potassium industry. PURE epsom salt is obtained by crystallization from CONCENTRATED solution in wooden vats.

Right choice is (C) To PREVENT DISEASE

For explanation: POTASSIUM is supplied in the soil to prevent disease and to lessen the effects of excessive nitrogen application. Accelerating seeding is done by phosphorus, early STAGES of plant growth and development of stems and leaves are done by nitrogen.

Correct CHOICE is (d) Linde cycle

Easiest explanation: In Linde cycle refrigeration is used by joule thomson cooling in order to increase the temperature drop. In CLAUDE cycle refrigeration is obtained by adiabatic EXPANSION of compressed air in a turbo -reciprocating or rotating expansion MACHINE.

The correct ANSWER is (d) Platinum

The explanation: Platinum catalyst was previously used but suffers from easy poisoning, fragility, rapid heat deactivation and HIGH initial investment. EXCEPT this other CATALYSTS are not ECONOMICAL.

Correct choice is (c) THERMODYNAMICS and kinetic consideration

Explanation: Furnace DESIGN is the major ENGINEERING problem associated with production of phosphoric acid, while complex heat balancing is directly RELATED to cryogenics. Thus, thermodynamics and kinetic consideration is associated with NITRIC acid production.

The correct answer is (b) Chemico process

Best explanation: In chemico process, CO2 is stripped from the off-gases by absorption in monoethanolamine. NH3 is recompressed and RETURN to the autoclave and provides GOOD temperature control.

The correct ANSWER is (d) Montecatini solution recycle

To elaborate: In montecatini solution CYCLE, NH3 and CO2 are COMPRESSED and added to the high pressure autoclave which must be water COOLED DUE to the highly exothermic nature of the reaction.

Correct choice is (a) UREA

To explain I WOULD say: Ammonium CARBAMATE DECOMPOSITION is one of the methods of producing urea.

Right option is (b) 2

Easiest EXPLANATION: Acetylene from calcium CARBIDE by water is RELEASED in two WAYS, Wet process and dry process.

The correct choice is (a) a + b

Explanation: MOLECULARITY is the NUMBER of molecules that are involved in the ELEMENTARY reaction or the sum of the stoichiometric COEFFICIENTS of the reactants.

Right answer is (a) Study of rate of reaction

To elaborate: Kinetics is the term, which DESCRIBES about the VELOCITY. When kinetics is applied for reaction. It SIGNIFIES how quick the reaction is occurring or in other TERMS it’s the rate of the reaction.

Correct answer is (b) Lime TREATMENT

The best explanation: Magnesium COMPOUNDS are manufactured from seawater using lime treatment. Calcium treatment is done in ORDER to prevent LOW calcium level. Lime treatment process was adopted by Dow CHEMICAL company.

Correct CHOICE is (a) Production of METALLIC magnesium

Best explanation: Most of the magnesium compounds are CONSUMED in the production of metallic magnesium. Other USES of magnesium compounds are found in refractories, insulating compounds, manufacture of rubber, pharmaceuticals etc.

The correct choice is (b) H2SO4

Explanation: Minor quantities of NAOH and Na2CO3 are used for salt PURIFICATION and sulfuric acid H2SO4 being DEHYDRATING agent is used for drying of CL2.

Right ANSWER is (a) Mercury CELL process

To explain: 88% of total PRODUCTION is by mercury cell process, 7% by DIAPHRAGM cell process, 4% by membrane process, and 1% through chemical process.

Right option is (c) Rotary granulator

The explanation: AMMONIA ALONG with water is added to FEED from continuous belt reactor (including recycle STEAM) in rotary granulator if ammonium phosphate is required.

The correct answer is (a) Ammonia

Explanation: All the ACIDS and many other elements have a catalytic effect on decomposition of ammonium nitrate. The decomposition can be suppressed by maintaining alkaline CONDITIONS. THEREFORE, ammonia can be used to safeguard against the hazard.

The correct ANSWER is (C) Space velocity

Explanation: The fraction of ammonia in the EXIT gas depends on the space velocity. As the space velocity or flow RATE increased the fraction of ammonia will get DECREASED.

The correct answer is (b) Higher SPACE velocity

Best explanation: In ammonia production in addition to higher space velocity, cooling the BED increased the cost of NH3 recovery and pumping cost as well. USING of HIGH pressure vessel increased the cost of reactor.

The correct CHOICE is (a) Claude du point process

Easiest EXPLANATION: In claude du point process HIGHEST amount of conversion can be obtain which is 40-80%, haber and kellogg process GIVES 8-20% conversion while 15-25% conversion is given by casale AMMONIA production process.