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IP is known as an unreliable protocol because it does not have the PROVISION of retransmitting the LOST packets or DETECT the corrupted DATA.

IP is known as an unreliable protocol because it does not have the provision of retransmitting the lost packets or detect the corrupted data.

INTERNET PROTOCOL(IP) is CALLED connectionless protocol because it does not exchange any control INFORMATION before transmitting any data.The data is just sent to the destination with a hope that it will reach at appropriate PLACE.

Internet protocol(IP) is called connectionless protocol because it does not exchange any control information before transmitting any data.The data is just sent to the destination with a hope that it will reach at appropriate place.

This PACKAGE is used to IMPLEMENT the servlet.The most IMPORTANT interface in this package is Servlet.All the servlet must implement this interface.

This package is used to implement the servlet.The most important interface in this package is Servlet.All the servlet must implement this interface.

• Javax.servlet
• Javax.servlet.http.

FINALLY SERVER UNLOADS the servlet from the memory using the destroy() METHOD.

Finally server unloads the servlet from the memory using the destroy() method.

SERVER can INVOKE the service for particular HTTP request using service()METHOD.The servlets can thenread the DATA provided by the HTTP request with the HELP of service() method.

Server can invoke the service for particular HTTP request using service()method.The servlets can thenread the data provided by the HTTP request with the help of service() method.

• The client enters the URL in the web browser and makes a request .The browser then generates the HTTP request and sends it to the Web server.
• Web server maps this request to the corresponding SERVLET.
• The server basically INVOKES the init() METHOD OF SERVLET.This method is called only when the servlet is loaded in the memory for the first time.Using this method initialization parameters can also be passed to the servlet in ORDER to CONFIGURE itself.

1. Rect(X,y,WIDTH,HEIGHT,rotation)
2. OVAL(x,y,width,height,rotation)
3. RoundRect(x,y,width,height,arc_width,arc_height,rotation)
4. ARC(x,y,width,height,starting_angle,arc_angle,rotation)
5. Polygon(number_of _points,x1,y1,….xn,yn,rotation)
6. Pie(x,y,width,height,starting_angle,arc_angle,rotation).

With data binding, data NEED no longer reside exclusively on the server.Data can be MAINTAINED on the client in a manner that distinguishes it from the XHTML CODE on the page.

Once the data is available on the client,the web application designer can PROVIDE various functionality,ESPECIALLY the ability to sort and filter the data in various ways.

With data binding, data need no longer reside exclusively on the server.Data can be maintained on the client in a manner that distinguishes it from the XHTML code on the page.

Once the data is available on the client,the web application designer can provide various functionality,especially the ability to sort and filter the data in various ways.

• Split(STRING)
• Slice(start,end)
• SUBSTR(start,length)
• SUBSTRING(start,end)
• toLowercase()
• TOUPPERCASE().

An array in Javascript is an Arrayobject Operator new is USED to DYNAMICALLY allocate the number of elements required by an array.Operator new creates an object as the PROGRAM executes,by OBTAINING enough memory to store an object of the type specified to the RIGHT of new.

An array in Javascript is an Arrayobject Operator new is used to dynamically allocate the number of elements required by an array.Operator new creates an object as the program executes,by obtaining enough memory to store an object of the type specified to the right of new.

• getDate()
• getUTCDate()
• getHours()
• getUTCHours()
• setTime()
• getTime().

• OPEN(URL,name,options)
• Prompt(prompt,default)
• Close()
• Focus()
• Blur()
• Window.document
• Window.closed
• Window.opener.

• Math object
• STRING object
• Date object
• Boolean and Number object
• DOCUMENT object
• Window object
• Write the METHODS AVAILABLE in document object.
• Write(string)
• Writeln(string)
• Document.cookie
• Document.lastModified.

• SEQUENCE STATEMENT
• SELECTION statement 

If statement
If …else statement
SWITCH statement

• REPETITION statement

While statement
Do.. while
For statement
For in statement .

If statement
If …else statement
Switch statement

While statement
Do.. while
For statement
For in statement .

If SMALL amount of Javascript code has to be embedded in XHTML document then making a separate Javascript file is meaning less If the Javascript code has to be embedded at SEVERAL places in XHTML document then it is complicated to make separate Javascript file and each time invoking the code for it from the XHTML documents.

Listout the Global functions in Javascript TYPE:

• Eval
• isFinite
• isNan
• parseFloat
• parseInt
• unescape.

If small amount of Javascript code has to be embedded in XHTML document then making a separate Javascript file is meaning less If the Javascript code has to be embedded at several places in XHTML document then it is complicated to make separate Javascript file and each time invoking the code for it from the XHTML documents.

Listout the Global functions in Javascript type:

• Script can be hidden from the browser user
• The LAYOUT and PRESENTATION of web DOCUMENT can be SEPARATED out from the user interaction through the JAVASCRIPT.

Following are the issues that get handled using client side SCRIPTING:

1. simple scripting language like HTML or XML represents the data on the web page in simple manner.
2. The scripting languages like JAVASCRIPT and DHTML are USEFUL for enhancing the interactivity of the user with the web browser.
3. Mathematical evaluation is also possible using the client side scripting.
4. Using client side scripting languages the web page which gets designed for the user provides a graphical user interface using which the user can input his data in an elegant manner.This data can then be submitted to database or any server side scripting language in order to process it further.
5. The input VALIDATION can also be possible using client side scripting language like Javascript.

Following are the issues that get handled using client side scripting:

• SetFont(font_name,font_size,BOLDNESS,if_italic,if_underlined,if_strickthrough)
• Text(String, X,y,ROTATION).

The DATASRC attribute refers to the id of the TDC object,and the datafld attribute specifies the name of the field to which it is bound.

List out the DIFFERENT Multimedia-ActiveX objects:

• Sequence control
• Path control
• Media PLAYER
• Sprite control
• STRUCTURED GRAPHICS Control.

The datasrc attribute refers to the id of the TDC object,and the datafld attribute specifies the name of the field to which it is bound.

List out the different Multimedia-ActiveX objects:

The PARAM TAG SPECIFIES parameters for the object in the object tag.The name attribute is the parameter name and the value attribute is the value.The DataURL parameter is the URL of the data source .The USE Header parameter specifies that the first line of the data FILE is to have a header row when set to true.The TextQualifier parameter sets the text qualifier of the data.The FieldDelim parameter sets the field delimiter of the data.

The param tag specifies parameters for the object in the object tag.The name attribute is the parameter name and the value attribute is the value.The DataURL parameter is the URL of the data source .The Use Header parameter specifies that the first line of the data file is to have a header row when set to true.The TextQualifier parameter sets the text qualifier of the data.The FieldDelim parameter sets the field delimiter of the data.

An OBJECT TAG INSERTS an ActiveX Tabular Data CONTROL .The classid attribute specifies the ActiveX control identifier.

An object tag inserts an ActiveX Tabular Data control .The classid attribute specifies the ActiveX control identifier.

• TDC is an Tabular DATA Control. It is an ActiveX control that can be added to the page with an OBJECT TAG.
• When the web page is loaded with data-bound elements,the client retrieves the data from the data SOURCE specified by the TDC. The data is then formatted for display on the Web page and remains ACCESSIBLE on the client.

• With data binding, data need no longer reside exclusively on the server.Data can be MAINTAINED on the client in a MANNER that distinguishes it from the XHTML code on the page.
• Once the data is available on the client,the web APPLICATION designer can provide VARIOUS functionality,especially the ability to sort and filter the data in various WAYS.

SHADOW FILTER:-A simple filter that adds depth to your text is the shadow filter.This filter CREATES a shadowing effect that gives your text a three –dimensional appearance.

Glow filter:- The glow filter adds an aura of color around text.The color and strength can both be specified in glow filter.

Alpha filter:-The alpha filter is ALSO used for transparency effects not ACHIEVABLE with the chroma filter.

Shadow filter:-A simple filter that adds depth to your text is the shadow filter.This filter creates a shadowing effect that gives your text a three –dimensional appearance.

Glow filter:- The glow filter adds an aura of color around text.The color and strength can both be specified in glow filter.

Alpha filter:-The alpha filter is also used for transparency effects not achievable with the chroma filter.

The chroma filter APPLIES TRANSPARENCY effects DYNAMICALLY, without using a graphics editor to hard-code transparency into the image.

The chroma filter applies transparency effects dynamically, without using a graphics editor to hard-code transparency into the image.

The FLIPV and fliph FILTERS mirror text or IMAGES VERTICALLY and horizontally.

Fliph:- Which flips the affected OBJECT horizontally.

Flipv:- Which flips the affected object vertically.

The flipv and fliph filters mirror text or images vertically and horizontally.

Fliph:- Which flips the affected object horizontally.

Flipv:- Which flips the affected object vertically.

Filters and Transitions can be applied to all block-level elements such as DIV or p.They can be applied to an inline-level element such as strong or em, HOWEVER ,only if the element has its height or width CSS property SET.

Filters and Transitions can be applied to all block-level elements such as div or p.They can be applied to an inline-level element such as strong or em, however ,only if the element has its height or width CSS property set.

Filters and Transitions are specified with the CSS FILTER PROPERTY. Filters and Transitions do not ADD content to your pages-rather, they present existing content in an engaging manner to cpture the user’s attention.

Filters:-Applying filters to text and images CAUSES changes that are persistent.

Transitions:-Applying a transition allow to transfer from one page to another with a PLEASANT visual effect, such as a random dissolve.

Filters and Transitions are specified with the CSS filter property. Filters and Transitions do not add content to your pages-rather, they present existing content in an engaging manner to cpture the user’s attention.

Filters:-Applying filters to text and images causes changes that are persistent.

Transitions:-Applying a transition allow to transfer from one page to another with a pleasant visual effect, such as a random dissolve.

The ERROR HANDLERS can accept three parameters from the on error event.The ONERROR event passes the type of error that occurred, the URL of the file that had the error and the line number on which the error occurred.

The Error handlers can accept three parameters from the on error event.The onerror event passes the type of error that occurred, the URL of the file that had the error and the line number on which the error occurred.

The on ERROR EVENT is USED to write error handling code.The SYNTAX window.onerror=functionName SPECIFIES that functionName runs if the onerror is triggered in the window object. Error handlers can accept three parameters from the onerror event.

The on error event is used to write error handling code.The syntax window.onerror=functionName specifies that functionName runs if the onerror is triggered in the window object. Error handlers can accept three parameters from the onerror event.

The EVENT object contains INFORMATION about the triggered event.The offsetX and offsetY PROPERTIES of an event object give the location of the mouse cursor RELATIVE to the top-left corner of the object on which the event was triggered.

The event object contains information about the triggered event.The offsetX and offsetY properties of an event object give the location of the mouse cursor relative to the top-left corner of the object on which the event was triggered.

The navigator OBJECT contains information about the WEB browser that is VIEWING the page. This allows Web AUTHORS to determine which browser the user has.The navigator.appName property contains the NAME of the application.

Ex for IE,this property is “Microsoft Internet Explorer” for Netscape, it is “Netscape”.

The navigator object contains information about the web browser that is viewing the page. This allows Web authors to determine which browser the user has.The navigator.appName property contains the name of the application.

Ex for IE,this property is “Microsoft Internet Explorer” for Netscape, it is “Netscape”.

In Dynamic POSITIONING ,XHTML elements can be positioned with scripting.This is done by declaring an element’s CSS POSITION property to be either absolute or relative and then moving the element by manipulating any of the top,right or BOTTOM CSS properties.

In Dynamic positioning ,XHTML elements can be positioned with scripting.This is done by declaring an element’s CSS position property to be either absolute or relative and then moving the element by manipulating any of the top,right or bottom CSS properties.

The TAGNAME property contains the name of the TAGS we encounter while looping through the document , to PLACE them in the string element.

The className property of an element is USED to change the element’s style CLASS.

The tagName property contains the name of the tags we encounter while looping through the document , to place them in the string element.

The className property of an element is used to change the element’s style class.

Changing the TEXT DISPLAYED on screen is a DYNAMIC HTML ability called dynamic CONTENT.

Changing the text displayed on screen is a Dynamic HTML ability called dynamic content.

INNERTEXT:- The innerText property of the object REFERS to the text contained in the ELEMENT.

innerHTML:-The innerHTML property is similar to innerText,but it can include XHTML FORMATTING.

innerText:- The innerText property of the object refers to the text contained in the element.

innerHTML:-The innerHTML property is similar to innerText,but it can include XHTML formatting.

Collections are basically arrays of related objects on a PAGE .There are several special collections in the object model.

EX: all and CHILDREN collection.

Collections are basically arrays of related objects on a page .There are several special collections in the object model.

Ex: all and children collection.

The SIMPLEST way to reference an element is by ID attribute.The element is replaced as an object and its various XHTML attributes BECOME properties that can be manipulated by SCRIPTING.

Ex: <p id=”ptext”>

In script:<script type=”text/javascript” for=”ptext”>

The simplest way to reference an element is by id attribute.The element is replaced as an object and its various XHTML attributes become properties that can be manipulated by scripting.

Ex: <p id=”ptext”>

In script:<script type=”text/javascript” for=”ptext”>

The Dynamic HTML Object Model gives Web authors great control over the presentation of their pages by giving them access to all the elements on their Web PAGE.The whole Web page elements,forms,FRAMES tables ,etc is presentated in an object hierarchy.Using scripting , an author is able to RETRIEVE and modify any properties or ATTRIBUTES of the WEBPAGE dynamically.

The Dynamic HTML Object Model gives Web authors great control over the presentation of their pages by giving them access to all the elements on their Web page.The whole Web page elements,forms,frames tables ,etc is presentated in an object hierarchy.Using scripting , an author is able to retrieve and modify any properties or attributes of the webpage dynamically.

The CLASS ATTRIBUTE ALLOWS more than one class to be assigned to an XHTML element by separating each class name from the NEXT with a space.

The class attribute allows more than one class to be assigned to an XHTML element by separating each class name from the next with a space.

Margin:-The Margin property determines the distance between the ELEMENT’s edge and any outside text.Margins for INDIVIDUAL sides of an element can be specified by using margin-top,margin-right,margin-left,margin-bottom.

PADDING:- The padding property determines the distance between the content INSIDE an element and the edge of the element.Padding also can be set for each side of the box using padding-top,padding-right,padding-left,padding-bottom.

Margin:-The Margin property determines the distance between the element’s edge and any outside text.Margins for individual sides of an element can be specified by using margin-top,margin-right,margin-left,margin-bottom.

Padding:- The padding property determines the distance between the content inside an element and the edge of the element.Padding also can be set for each side of the box using padding-top,padding-right,padding-left,padding-bottom.

The Z-index PROPERTY allows a DEVELOPER to layer overlapping elements .Elements that have HIGHER Z-index value are displayed in FRONT of elements with LOWER z-index values.

The Z-index property allows a developer to layer overlapping elements .Elements that have higher Z-index value are displayed in front of elements with lower z-index values.

ABSOLUTE positioning:-Which GIVES authors GREATER control over how document elements are DISPLAYED. Specifying an element’s position as absolute removes the element from the normal FLOW of elements on the page, instead positioning it according to the distance from the top, left, right or bottom.

Relative positioning:- In which elements are positioned relative to other elements.Relative positioning keeps elements in the general flow of elements on the page,so positioning is relative to other elements in the flow.

Absolute positioning:-Which gives authors greater control over how document elements are displayed. Specifying an element’s position as absolute removes the element from the normal flow of elements on the page, instead positioning it according to the distance from the top, left, right or bottom.

Relative positioning:- In which elements are positioned relative to other elements.Relative positioning keeps elements in the general flow of elements on the page,so positioning is relative to other elements in the flow.

External linking of STYLE SHEETS can create a uniform look for a website.Separate pages can all USE the same styles.Modifying a single style sheet file MAKES changes to styles ACROSS an entire website.

External linking of style sheets can create a uniform look for a website.Separate pages can all use the same styles.Modifying a single style sheet file makes changes to styles across an entire website.

CSS is Cascading Style Sheets that ALLOW document authors to specify the presentation of ELEMENTS on a webpage separately from the STRUCTURE of the document.
This separation of structure from presentation simplifies maintaining and modifying a document’s layout.

• Define :Inline Style Sheet and Embedded Style Sheet.
• Inline Style Sheet:-Inline Styles that declare an individual element’s format using the XHTML attribute Style.
• Embedded Style Sheet:-Embedded style sheets ENABLE a web-page author to embed an entire css document in an XHTML document’s head section.

CSS is Cascading Style Sheets that allow document authors to specify the presentation of elements on a webpage separately from the structure of the document.
This separation of structure from presentation simplifies maintaining and modifying a document’s layout.

• Internal Linking is a mechanism that enables the user to jump between locations in the same document.
• Internal linking is USEFUL for long documents that contain many sections.
• Clinking an internal link enables USERS to find a SECTION without scrolling through ENTIRE document.

• Element summary SUMMARIZES the table’s contents and is used by SPEECH devices to make the table more accessible to users with isual impairments.
• Element caption describes the table’s content. The text INSIDE the tag is rendered above the table in most BROWSERS.

• FRAMES allow the browser to DISPLAY more than one XHTML document simultaneously.
• The frameset element informs the browser that the page contains RAMES.
• XHTML provides the no frames element to specify alternative content for browsers that do not support frames.
• Frame set element is USED to create more complex layouts in a web page by nesting framesets.

IMAGE maps are defined with map elements.Attribute id IDENTIFIES the image map.Hotspots are defined with the area element.Attribute href specifies the LINK’s target.Attributes SHAPE and co-ords specify the hotspot’s shape and co-ordinates and ALT provides alternative text. 

Image maps are defined with map elements.Attribute id identifies the image map.Hotspots are defined with the area element.Attribute href specifies the link’s target.Attributes shape and co-ords specify the hotspot’s shape and co-ordinates and alt provides alternative text.