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The referee is CALLED shimban. The contestants are AKA (red) and SHIRO (white).

The referee is called shimban. The contestants are aka (red) and shiro (white).

Judo, the FIRST Asian martial art to become an Olympic medal sport, has been an OFFICIAL Olympic event for men SINCE 1964. Olympic Judo competition for women was added in 1988.

Judo, the first Asian martial art to become an Olympic medal sport, has been an official Olympic event for men since 1964. Olympic Judo competition for women was added in 1988.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT, about 1902.

Theodore Roosevelt, about 1902.

A formal DEMONSTRATION of prearranged TECHNIQUES of Judo. There are FORMS for throwing techniques (nage no KATA), grappling techniques (katame no kata), self defense techniques and other aspects of Judo.

A formal demonstration of prearranged techniques of Judo. There are forms for throwing techniques (nage no kata), grappling techniques (katame no kata), self defense techniques and other aspects of Judo.

KATA: formal exercise.

Uchi komi: REPETITIVE throwing practice.

Randori: FREE practice.

Shiai: CONTEST

Kata: formal exercise.

Uchi komi: repetitive throwing practice.

Randori: free practice.

Shiai: contest

TORI is the PERSON executing a technique such as a THROW, while uke is the person RECEIVING the technique.

Tori is the person executing a technique such as a throw, while uke is the person receiving the technique.

Osaekomi WAZA: matholds and pins

Shime waza: CHOKING and strangling TECHNIQUES

Kansetsu waza: arm bars and joint LOCKING techniques

Osaekomi waza: matholds and pins

Shime waza: choking and strangling techniques

Kansetsu waza: arm bars and joint locking techniques

A throw that is EXECUTED in ANSWER to a throw attempted by the OPPONENT, TAKING advantage of the opponent’s movements or the loss of balance involved in his throw.

A throw that is executed in answer to a throw attempted by the opponent, taking advantage of the opponent’s movements or the loss of balance involved in his throw.

A SERIES of attempted throws in which the LAST one is SUCCESSFUL.

A series of attempted throws in which the last one is successful.

Te WAZA: HAND and arm techniques

KOSHI waza: hip techniques

Ashi waza: FOOT and LEG techniques

Ma sutemi waza: rear sacrifice techniques

Yoko sutemi waza: side sacrifice techniques

Te waza: hand and arm techniques

Koshi waza: hip techniques

Ashi waza: foot and leg techniques

Ma sutemi waza: rear sacrifice techniques

Yoko sutemi waza: side sacrifice techniques

NAGE waza (throwing TECHNIQUES), Katame waza (GRAPPLING techniques), ATEMI waza (striking techniques)

Nage waza (throwing techniques), Katame waza (grappling techniques), Atemi waza (striking techniques)

1. A sudden concentration of the abdominal MUSCLES.
2. A forceful exhalation of breath.
3. A SHARP loud YELL or SHOUT.

A SUDDEN concentration of PHYSICAL and mental POWER, COMBINED with a loud shout used to defeat the opponent. Often also applied effectively to distract the opponent.

A sudden concentration of physical and mental power, combined with a loud shout used to defeat the opponent. Often also applied effectively to distract the opponent.

Hands: PUSHING and pulling.

Feet: for example, blocking the opponent from STEPPING forward.

BODY: bending, pivoting, twisting or BUMPING the opponent to unbalance.

Voice: distracting, or mentally unbalancing, the opponent.

Hands: pushing and pulling.

Feet: for example, blocking the opponent from stepping forward.

Body: bending, pivoting, twisting or bumping the opponent to unbalance.

Voice: distracting, or mentally unbalancing, the opponent.

KUZUSHI is BREAKING the BALANCE of an OPPONENT.

Kuzushi is breaking the balance of an opponent.

The use of BALANCE and off-balancing. The use of LEVERAGE to achieve greater power. Taking advantage of the opponent’s strength. Taking advantage of the opponent’s weaknesses. The value of yielding and giving WAY. The proper APPLICATION of timing, momentum and force.

The use of balance and off-balancing. The use of leverage to achieve greater power. Taking advantage of the opponent’s strength. Taking advantage of the opponent’s weaknesses. The value of yielding and giving way. The proper application of timing, momentum and force.

How to FALL (ukemi) and the RULES of SAFETY and COURTESY.

How to fall (ukemi) and the rules of safety and courtesy.

The FATHER of JUDO is PROFESSOR Jigoro Kano (1860-1938). He studied JUJUTSU at an early age and FOUNDED the Kodokan to teach the art of Judo.

The father of Judo is Professor Jigoro Kano (1860-1938). He studied jujutsu at an early age and founded the Kodokan to teach the art of Judo.

JUDO was FIRST OFFICIALLY taught at the Kodokan Judo Institute in TOKYO, JAPAN in 1882.

Judo was first officially taught at the Kodokan Judo Institute in Tokyo, Japan in 1882.

Judo is the modern scientific application of selected jujutsu TECHNIQUES that may be practiced for SELF-development, physical education and SPORT. Jujutsu RETAINS more dangerous self defense techniques, while Judo can GENERALLY be practiced with full force and complete safety. Check this description of Judo by Jigoro Kano himself.

Judo is the modern scientific application of selected jujutsu techniques that may be practiced for self-development, physical education and sport. Jujutsu retains more dangerous self defense techniques, while Judo can generally be practiced with full force and complete safety. Check this description of Judo by Jigoro Kano himself.

Modern Judo is a MARTIAL art BASED on the TRADITIONAL JUJUTSU fighting and self-defense TECHNIQUES of Japan.

Modern Judo is a martial art based on the traditional Jujutsu fighting and self-defense techniques of Japan.

The PRINCIPLE of cooperation (jita kyoei), working for MUTUAL welfare and benefit. The principle of MAXIMUM efficiency (seiryoku zenyo), using the least AMOUNT of effort to achieve the greatest RESULTS.

The principle of cooperation (jita kyoei), working for mutual welfare and benefit. The principle of maximum efficiency (seiryoku zenyo), using the least amount of effort to achieve the greatest results.

The DEVELOPMENT of character, mind, and BODY so that one can contribute something of VALUE to the WORLD.

The development of character, mind, and body so that one can contribute something of value to the world.

GENTLE WAY

Gentle Way