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There are mainly four REASONS for this test:

• To check and verify the bond strength between SOIL and grout adopted during the design of soil nails. This is the main objective of CONDUCTING soil nail pull-out test.
• To determine the bond strength between soil and grout for future design purpose. However, if this target is to be achieved, the test nails should be loaded to determine the ultimate soil/grout bond with an upper limit of 80% of the ultimate tensile strength of steel BARS.
• To check if there is any slippage or creep occurrence.
• To check the elastic and plastic deformations of test nails. This is OBSERVED during the repeated loading and unloading cycles of soil nails.

There are mainly four reasons for this test:

Particle density of SOILS is defined by the ratio of SOIL particle mass and soil particle VOLUME. DEPENDING on soil TYPES, the range of variation of soil particle density varies not significantly, i.e. by 4%. Therefore, it may not be worthwhile to order laboratory tests and incur additional expenditure just to determine the particles density by recognizing that the variation of particles density is not significant.

Particle density of soils is defined by the ratio of soil particle mass and soil particle volume. Depending on soil types, the range of variation of soil particle density varies not significantly, i.e. by 4%. Therefore, it may not be worthwhile to order laboratory tests and incur additional expenditure just to determine the particles density by recognizing that the variation of particles density is not significant.

Slump tests are performed to empirically measure the workability of FRESH concrete. It is used to measure the consistency of the concrete. In general, there are three different types of slumps that occur in slump tests.

They are as follows:

(i) True Slump

(ii) Shear Slump

(III) Collapse Slump

(i) True Slump: This type of slump is characterized by the general DROP in the concrete mass evenly without VISIBLE signs of deterioration or disintegration. Shear Slump: It indicates that the concrete mix is deficient in cohesion. This type of slump leads to segregation and BLEEDING. Henceforth, in the long run, affecting the durability of the concrete.

(ii) Shear Slump: It indicates that the concrete mix is deficient in cohesion. This type of slump leads to segregation and bleeding. Henceforth, in the long run, affecting the durability of the concrete. Collapse Slump: This type of slump is indicates that the mix of concrete is simply too wet. The mix is considered to be harsh and lean.

(iii) Collapse Slump: This type of slump is indicates that the mix of concrete is simply too wet. The mix is considered to be harsh and lean.

Slump tests are performed to empirically measure the workability of fresh concrete. It is used to measure the consistency of the concrete. In general, there are three different types of slumps that occur in slump tests.

They are as follows:

(i) True Slump

(ii) Shear Slump

(iii) Collapse Slump

(i) True Slump: This type of slump is characterized by the general drop in the concrete mass evenly without visible signs of deterioration or disintegration. Shear Slump: It indicates that the concrete mix is deficient in cohesion. This type of slump leads to segregation and bleeding. Henceforth, in the long run, affecting the durability of the concrete.

(ii) Shear Slump: It indicates that the concrete mix is deficient in cohesion. This type of slump leads to segregation and bleeding. Henceforth, in the long run, affecting the durability of the concrete. Collapse Slump: This type of slump is indicates that the mix of concrete is simply too wet. The mix is considered to be harsh and lean.

(iii) Collapse Slump: This type of slump is indicates that the mix of concrete is simply too wet. The mix is considered to be harsh and lean.

Grout in prestressing works serves the following PURPOSES:

• Protect the tendon against corrosion.
• Improve the ultimate CAPACITY of the tendon.
• Provide a BOND between the structural member and the tendon.
• In a case of failure, the anchorage is not SUBJECT to all strain energy.

Grout in prestressing works serves the following purposes:

In some cases, it may be due to the accumulation of dust and dirt. However, for the majority of such phenomenon, it is due to fungus or algae growth on concrete BRIDGES. After RAINFALL, the bridge SURFACE absorbs water and retains it for a certain period of time. Hence, this provides a good habitat for fungus or algae to grow. MOREOVER, atmospheric pollution and proximity of plants provide nutrients for their growth. Improvement in drainage details and application of painting and COATING to bridges help to solve this problem.

In some cases, it may be due to the accumulation of dust and dirt. However, for the majority of such phenomenon, it is due to fungus or algae growth on concrete bridges. After rainfall, the bridge surface absorbs water and retains it for a certain period of time. Hence, this provides a good habitat for fungus or algae to grow. Moreover, atmospheric pollution and proximity of plants provide nutrients for their growth. Improvement in drainage details and application of painting and coating to bridges help to solve this problem.

0.002 MM

0.002 mm

1/12th of the SPAN

1/12th of the span

30 to 125 MM

30 to 125 mm

Bat

Bat

STABILITY of STRUCTURE.

stability of structure.

1400°C

1400°C

ORIFICE METER is USED for MEASURING FLOW rate air.

Orifice meter is used for measuring flow rate air.

M5 – 1:5:10

M7.5 – 1:4:8

M10 – 1:3:6

M15 – 1:2:4

M20 – 1:1.5:3

M25 – 1:1:2

M30, M35, M40 – Design Mix Followed

M5 – 1:5:10

M7.5 – 1:4:8

M10 – 1:3:6

M15 – 1:2:4

M20 – 1:1.5:3

M25 – 1:1:2

M30, M35, M40 – Design Mix Followed

If you have NEVER used a ice dam melting sock on your roof before, you will find that they provide an inexpensive method for removing roof ice dams and improving your home’s heating efficiency. Roof ice dams are an annoying source of roof damage, leaks, and heat loss in the winter. The main causes are drip melt from IMPROPERLY capped warm air vent pipes and poor roof insulation. Laying a ice melt sock onto the roof so it crosses the ice dam and overhangs the gutter, will melt through the snow and ice and create a CHANNEL for water to flow down into the gutters or off the roof. If done PROPERLY those ice sickles that form as the snow melts from the edges of the gutters will never appear, they too are a CAUSE of much damage and are dangerous to life and limb.

If you have never used a ice dam melting sock on your roof before, you will find that they provide an inexpensive method for removing roof ice dams and improving your home’s heating efficiency. Roof ice dams are an annoying source of roof damage, leaks, and heat loss in the winter. The main causes are drip melt from improperly capped warm air vent pipes and poor roof insulation. Laying a ice melt sock onto the roof so it crosses the ice dam and overhangs the gutter, will melt through the snow and ice and create a channel for water to flow down into the gutters or off the roof. If done properly those ice sickles that form as the snow melts from the edges of the gutters will never appear, they too are a cause of much damage and are dangerous to life and limb.

A column is used to SUPPORT the weight of the roof and/or the upper floors. Now days, many columns are used for decorative purposes. A column along with load BEARING beams can support a lot of weight.

A column is used to support the weight of the roof and/or the upper floors. Now days, many columns are used for decorative purposes. A column along with load bearing beams can support a lot of weight.

Noob

Noob

About 14 FEET

About 14 feet

Therometer

Therometer

FIRST STAGE COULD be BRIEFING and INCEPTION.

First stage could be Briefing and Inception.

Same as in INCHES 3.14159265 and PSI have to be KNOWN.

Same as in inches 3.14159265 and PSI have to be known.

Disadvantages: -Lead is very toxic; its USE can result in pollution of the ground and more importantly of water supplies. This leads to the contamination of drinking water and can cause hazards to human health as WELL as disrupting entire ecosystems.

Advantages: Because of its toxicity, lead is being bought less and less AROUND the WORLD, which of course results in the lowering of its cost. In addition, lead melts at a relatively low temperature, making it great for solder. However, recently the Chinese have show an interest in buying mass quantities to manufacture batteries made from a base of lead so the PRICE of this metal may soon rise.

Disadvantages: -Lead is very toxic; its use can result in pollution of the ground and more importantly of water supplies. This leads to the contamination of drinking water and can cause hazards to human health as well as disrupting entire ecosystems.

Advantages: Because of its toxicity, lead is being bought less and less around the world, which of course results in the lowering of its cost. In addition, lead melts at a relatively low temperature, making it great for solder. However, recently the Chinese have show an interest in buying mass quantities to manufacture batteries made from a base of lead so the price of this metal may soon rise.

CIVIL means LIKE, when you do not GET on with someone, but only TALK when you have to. Alternatively, when you do talk you do not argue. Alternatively, if you are with someone who is of your both friends and FAMILY, you do not ruin it for them.

Civil means like, when you do not get on with someone, but only talk when you have to. Alternatively, when you do talk you do not argue. Alternatively, if you are with someone who is of your both friends and family, you do not ruin it for them.

Aqueducts are built in areas where you have a bunch of motivated end users (LIKE a town or group of farmers) at a low elevation in need of a more reliable source of water located somewhere fairly nearby at a higher elevation. The aqueduct builders construct a series of canals, elevated channels, and tunnels as required to get the water from the source to the end users. Some good examples:

•  Roman engineers built aqueducts throughout Italy and France from mountain water sources to serve city dwellers
•  Water-needy Southern California CITIES and farms are served by an aqueduct that brings them water from sources in Northern California
•  New York City is supplied by an aqueduct and tunnel system from sources upstate.
• INCA farmers in COASTAL valleys built irrigation aqueducts from sources higher up in the Rockies
•  Native American cultures in PHOENIX area built irrigation canal systems that diverted water from sources at higher elevations to irrigate their crops.

Aqueducts are built in areas where you have a bunch of motivated end users (like a town or group of farmers) at a low elevation in need of a more reliable source of water located somewhere fairly nearby at a higher elevation. The aqueduct builders construct a series of canals, elevated channels, and tunnels as required to get the water from the source to the end users. Some good examples:

If it FLOATS it is LESS dense than WATER, 62.4 LBS/cubic ft. Wood is about 40 lbs/ cu.ft.–it floats. Concrete is 150 lbs. / cu.ft. — It does not float.

If it floats it is less dense than water, 62.4 lbs/cubic ft. Wood is about 40 lbs/ cu.ft.–it floats. Concrete is 150 lbs. / cu.ft. — It does not float.

Its MATERIALS were STEEL and CONCRETE.

Its materials were steel and concrete.

Yes. ROGUE WAVES have been KNOWN to CAPSIZE ships.

Yes. Rogue waves have been known to capsize ships.

Yes, many did. The great pyramid and others that have survived did so for a reason. Their shapes made them sturdier over time and were not the first design. Many steppe PYRAMIDS were built but were too STEEP and as the CORNERS eroded, the WHOLE pyramid fell under its own weight. They were built too steep and did not have the base structure as seen in the great pyramid.

Yes, many did. The great pyramid and others that have survived did so for a reason. Their shapes made them sturdier over time and were not the first design. Many steppe pyramids were built but were too steep and as the corners eroded, the whole pyramid fell under its own weight. They were built too steep and did not have the base structure as seen in the great pyramid.

Tensile STRENGTH, Ultimate 7.00 – 20.0 MPA 1020 – 2900 PSI

this is the strength in a pure tension test. For bending use:

Modulus of Rupture 0.00410 – 0.0276 GPA 0.595 – 4.00 KSI

Tensile Strength, Ultimate 7.00 – 20.0 MPA 1020 – 2900 PSI

this is the strength in a pure tension test. For bending use:

Modulus of Rupture 0.00410 – 0.0276 GPA 0.595 – 4.00 ksi

0.61 * D2, where d is the DIAMETER of the PIPE in INCHES.

0.61 * d2, where d is the diameter of the pipe in inches.

If you are making a SPAGHETTI BRIDGE, bunch it all together in a TRIANGULAR prism or a BIG brick and just fill the GAPS with Paste.

If you are making a spaghetti bridge, bunch it all together in a triangular prism or a big brick and just fill the gaps with Paste.

In engineering, the code-allowable withdrawal force is zero, because the wood EXPANDS and contracts over TIME and the nail PULLOUT force can REDUCE to zero.

In engineering, the code-allowable withdrawal force is zero, because the wood exPAnds and contracts over time and the nail pullout force can reduce to zero.

ART NOUVEAU

Art nouveau

The PILLARS

The pillars

ELMER’s GLUE is LEAST STICKY.

Elmer’s glue is least sticky.

For purposes of civil ENGINEERING, an average soil will have a density of about 100 to 110 pounds per cubic foot. (This can vary a little depending upon how WELL compacted the soil is.)

For purposes of civil engineering, an average soil will have a density of about 100 to 110 pounds per cubic foot. (This can vary a little depending upon how well compacted the soil is.)

GEORGE T. Sampson

George T. Sampson

There are 9 square feet in a square YARD THEREFORE there are 36 square feet in 4 square yards.

There are 9 square feet in a square yard therefore there are 36 square feet in 4 square yards.

There are many gravity dams constructed of comPActed EARTH. High dams are generally concrete. All dams REQUIRE a spillway to be SAFE. The spillway MUST be armored.

There are many gravity dams constructed of comPActed earth. High dams are generally concrete. All dams require a spillway to be safe. The spillway must be armored.

It has to do with the design of the bolts. The reason that head of the bolt is OVAL. The head of a bolt fit flush into the bar and set in opposing sets is so that a piece of DRAGGING equipment will not SHEAR off all the bolts in a joint but rather the just the nuts ONE side. As a result, if the hole were not oval on one side there would be no WAY to tighten or loose the bolts in a joint.

It has to do with the design of the bolts. The reason that head of the bolt is oval. The head of a bolt fit flush into the bar and set in opposing sets is so that a piece of dragging equipment will not shear off all the bolts in a joint but rather the just the nuts one side. As a result, if the hole were not oval on one side there would be no way to tighten or loose the bolts in a joint.

Stacks

Stacks

ORIFICE METER is used for measuring flow RATE air.

Orifice meter is used for measuring flow rate air.

The area RATIO decreases SLOWLY at first then more rapidly.

The area of an ellipse is A=pi x a X b, a and b are the 1/2 major and 1/2 MINOR axis. If a = r = b the area is A=pi X R2, which is a circle. Not hard to GRAPH this but you will have to write the area of the ellipse in terms of the circumference.

The area ratio decreases slowly at first then more rapidly.

The area of an ellipse is A=pi x a X b, a and b are the 1/2 major and 1/2 minor axis. If a = r = b the area is A=pi X r2, which is a circle. Not hard to graph this but you will have to write the area of the ellipse in terms of the circumference.

While he did not BUILD the structure (he died in l959), there is some evidence the idea was suggested under a DIFFERENT name (Illinois Building) by Frank Lloyd Wright, ONE of the few true skyscrapers in which he had a role. The original design for the Illinois Building would have topped off at 5,280 Feet! The Swears tower is a quarter of this at most, but there are SIMILARITIES.

While he did not build the structure (he died in l959), there is some evidence the idea was suggested under a different name (Illinois Building) by Frank Lloyd Wright, one of the few true skyscrapers in which he had a role. The original design for the Illinois Building would have topped off at 5,280 Feet! The Swears tower is a quarter of this at most, but there are similarities.

A person will sink in water if he is not holding enough AIR in his lungs to keep him floating. Therefore, the person WEIGHS more than the AMOUNT of water that he will DISPLACE.

A person will sink in water if he is not holding enough air in his lungs to keep him floating. Therefore, the person weighs more than the amount of water that he will displace.

About 80

About 80

Tensile Strength for a Bolt is determined by applying a Force ALONG it LONG axis. Shear Strength for a Bolt is determined by applying a Force across its diameter, as it would be loaded in a LUG JOINT.

Tensile Strength for a Bolt is determined by applying a Force along it long axis. Shear Strength for a Bolt is determined by applying a Force across its diameter, as it would be loaded in a lug joint.

145 PCF

145 PCF

For nominal Mix Cement consumption for M25 will be 570 kg PER cum. and for DESIGN Mix it can be optimized to 510 kg per cum.

For nominal Mix Cement consumption for M25 will be 570 kg per cum. and for Design Mix it can be optimized to 510 kg per cum.

STRENGTH–Steel is very strong

Flexibility–Ability to flex in the WIND

Cost–Inexpensive and fast to BUILD; prefab construction

Concrete, a possible alternative, has less compressive strength than steel. The bottom support structure of the EMPIRE state building would consist of a LARGE percentage of solid concrete simply to support the weight of the building.

Strength–Steel is very strong

Flexibility–Ability to flex in the wind

Cost–Inexpensive and fast to build; prefab construction

Concrete, a possible alternative, has less compressive strength than steel. The bottom support structure of the empire state building would consist of a large percentage of solid concrete simply to support the weight of the building.

Pretty good if the outside hose is a lot lower than the inside hose. The siphon works by a hose stuck in a fluid CONTAINER HIGHER than the receiving container. Suction is shortly placed on the lower side of the hose until the fluid is flowing down the down LINE. Gravity will CAUSE a continued flow.

Pretty good if the outside hose is a lot lower than the inside hose. The siphon works by a hose stuck in a fluid container higher than the receiving container. Suction is shortly placed on the lower side of the hose until the fluid is flowing down the down line. Gravity will cause a continued flow.