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This shows that Pasteur was sincere about solving problems and was also very simple and child-like in sharing his discoveries with others.

Pasteur’s love for mankind and his compassionate nature are highlighted in the sentence. He had no love for plain achievement, money or fame.

1. One law was a law of blood and death, opening out each day new methods of destruction, forcing nations to be always ready for the battle; I the second law was a law of peace, work, and health, whose only aim is to deliver f man from the disasters which surrounded I him. The first one seeks violent conquests, j the other relief of mankind. 

2. Pasteur favored the second law I of peace, work, and health because he was sure that science in obeying the law of humanity, will always labor to enlarge the frontiers of life.

During the First World War 1 (1914-1918), the troops going abroad were » inoculated against such diseases as typhoid and enteric fever, and the very low death-rate from this illness among v the troops, even in unhealthy places, was a great tribute to Pasteur’s work.

1. French wine-growers troubled by a germ. 

2. Pasteur showed how to render these germs harmless.

3. This process was called ‘Pasteurization’. 

Paragraph:

Some French wine growers were troubled by a germ which had turned their wine sour. Pasteur showed that by heating the wine to a temperature of 50 or 60 degrees centigrade, the germs were made harmless. This process was called ‘Pasteurization’.

(a) People like Pasteur believed that germs were carried in the air and might infect other things that came in contact with them. 

(b) Which of the two was called ‘spontaneous generation’?

(c) Pasteur proved that he was right by conducting an experiment in which the neck of a bottle with the soup was extended to step germs from entering. Only when the soup was poured into this bend, it came in contact with germs from dust and got infected.

He says supreme happiness is the result of the consciousness of having contributed in some measure to the progress and welfare of humanity.

1. idle 

2. uninterested 

3. dismissed 

4. stale

5. result 

6. defend 

7. retreat 

8. regressive/declining.

1. All of Pasteur’s work was meant to help human beings.

2. He was genuinely interested in ’ others’ problems. 

3. He was child-like and simple by nature. 

Paragraph:

Louis Pasteur was what we should call an ‘all round’ scientist. All the research which he did in his laboratories was meant to help his fellow human beings. It would be impossible to imagine Pasteur experimenting with explosives or poison gas. Pasteur was genuinely interested in solving the problems of others. He would ponder for a long time, and when finally he found a solution, he would run to convey his idea to the others. Pasteur was child-like and very simple by nature. When there was a storm of applause in the big medical Congress in London, he looked around thinking that the cheers must be for some royal person and not himself at all.

1. Pasteur busy in discovering cure of Anthrax.

2. He found that a cow could not get it twice. 

3. He thought of giving weak old germs to make beings safe from Anthrax.

Paragraph:

Pasteur was trying to discover a cure for the terrible disease called Anthrax, which men sometimes get from infected shaving brushes, and which was attacking cows and sheep in France and killing them off very quickly. He found out first of all that a cow could not have anthrax twice. Then he began to wonder whether it would not be possible to make a cow and even a man just a little ill with anthrax so that they might not get it again. Perhaps this could be done by giving the cows or sheep very weak old germs to make them safe or ‘immune’ for the future.

1. pediatrics

2. oculist 

3. Ophthalmology 

4. Rhinologist 

5. Urologist 

6. epidemic 

7. amputate 

8. Pathologist 

9. Anatomy

10. physiognomy 

11. Anaesthetic

12. amnesia 

13. asphyxia 

14. autopsy 

15. Congenital. 

16. Panacea 

17. euthanasia 

18. convalescence 

19. gerontologist 

20. antidote.

1. Bravery: When the dog saved its owner from drowning in the river, everyone appreciated its bravery.

Boldness: When the politician came to her doorstep asking for votes, the woman showed boldness by asking him some crucial questions.

2. Quite: We can all rest at his bungalow as it is quite big.

Quiet: Please be quiet. I want to hear the announcement.

3. Infectious: Although the joke wasn’t very funny, her infectious laughter made all of us burst into laughter.

Contagious: Cures for many contagious diseases were found in the 20th century.

4. Clever: The clever crow dropped pebbles into the pot to make the water come up to the brim.

Intelligent: Birbal was intelligent enough to give solutions to Akbar every time Akbar faced a problem.

5. Further: I do not want any further argument about this topic.

Farther: We had walked farther than we wanted to.

6. Discovery: Pasteur discovered that germs were everywhere, in the air, water and soil. Invention: Edison invented the bulb.

7. Vaccination: Introducing live organisms into the body to generate immunity is vaccination.

Inoculation: Introduction of weak or dead organisms into the body to produce immunity is called inoculation.

8. Due to: The roads were flooded due to rain.

Owing to: Owing to his mistake, the accounts had to be checked all over again. 

9. Little: Can you give me some water? There is little water in my bottle.

A little: Only a little is known about the writer of this novel. Let us try to know more.

10. Between: Both of them shared the cake equally between them.

Among: He tried to sow hatred among the people.

1. Pasteur discovered many things about germs and also used that knowledge well. ‘ 

2. He worked hard in his laboratories to help people in specific problems.

3. He discovered ‘inoculation’.

Paragraph:

Pasteur not only made some exciting discoveries about germs but he was also able to use his discoveries in very practical ways. He worked hard in his laboratory with test tubes and all kinds of experiments, but nearly all the time he was working to help people who were suffering in some special way from the disease. Among the people whom Pasteur was able to help were brewers, breeders of silk works, and cow keepers, all of whom were trying to carry on important industries in France. He discovered ‘inoculation’ which provided immunity to people and animals against anthrax and also the dreaded disease, rabies.

1. Pasteur was consulted by one manufacturer about his beer which was turning out badly.

2. It was believed by many that germs had spontaneous generation.

3. Pasteur was proved right about germs by a simple and clever experiment. 

4. Some French winemakers were troubled by a germ which had turned . their wine sour. 5. vaccination for smallpox had already been discovered by Dr. Jenner in England. 

6. It was found out by Pasteur, first of all, that anthrax could not be had by a cow twice. 

7. When the news was spread that a cure for anthrax had been discovered by Pasteur, letters were written to him by hundreds of people for supplies of ‘vaccine’.

8. The young boy was inoculated with some weak rabies germs by Pasteur.

Alan earned after selling his picture. In his opinion, the beggar had also been working as hard as Alan.

Though Louis Pasteur did not join the army and become a soldier, he was a fighter because he fought various kinds of diseases through his discoveries about bacteria.

(a) Pasteur had cured the animals of the terrible disease of Anthrax.

(b) The boy was covered with bites from a mad dog and was sure to die. 

(c) Pasteur inoculated the boy with some weak rabies germs and the boy recovered.

Rabies is a dangerous disease of dogs and other mammals, caused by a virus that can be transmitted through the saliva to humans, causing madness and convulsions.

1. Rabies is a dangerous disease.

2. Many people used to die of rabies. 

3. Pasteur inoculated an infected boy. 

Paragraph:

Rabies is a dangerous disease of dogs and other mammals, caused by a virus that can be transmitted through the saliva to humans, causing madness and convulsions. Many people used to die of rabies. Many others used to suffer from bites caused by a mad dog. Pasteur inoculated an infected boy with some weak rabies germs and the boy recovered. This turned the fate of rabies-infected people.