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Acid rain is harmful for aquatic plants and animals. It also damages terrestrial life forms. Thus, acid rain disturbs the ecosystem especially the aquatic ecosystem.

Cheaper electricity from Chambal and Bhakra Nangal projects, cotton farming in plateau of Harauti and irrigated plains of Ghaghar have helped in flourishing of cotton mills in Rajasthan.

Mumbai, Solapur, Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Satara, Kolhapur, Sangli, Jalgaon and Nagpur.

Rajasthan is famous for its handicrafts. Carving of jewels and making of jewellery is concentrated around Jaipur, Pratapgarh and Nathdwara. Jaipur, Jodhpur and Udaipur are the centres for statues and artifacts. Bangles and lac items are made in Jaipur. Barmer, Pali and Saganer are famous for printing, dyeing and bandhni (tie dye). Jodhpur, Jaipur, Ajmer and Barmer are famous for leather items.

Both Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are leading states in cement production and produce 22% of country’s cement production. Raw material is obtained from the Kaimur hills. Most of the 17 big factories are in Katni, Satna, Durg, Mandhar, Banmor, Neemach, Ratlam, Devas, Nagda, Akaltara, Jamul, Tilda and Mehar.

Ahmadabad, Surat, Vadodara, Bhavnagar, Porbander, Rajkot and Bharuch.

Salt has been made from various runns and lakes of saline water in Rajasthan since ancient times. The largest saline water lake Sambhar Lake is in Rajasthan. This lake produces the largest amount of salt in the country. Additionally, sodium sulphate factory is in Didwana and magnesium sulphate factory is in Pachpadra.

Gujarat is the second largest producer of cotton textiles. There are 135 mills in Gujarat; out of which 67 are at Ahmadabad. The city of Ahmadabad is also known as the Boston of the East. Additionally, mills are also present at Surat, Vadodara, Bhavnagar, Porbander, Rajkot and Bharuch. This region has grown because of cotton farming in hinterland, cheap labour, availability of capital and proximity to the Kandla port. This state produces 35% of cotton textiles in India.

Maharashtra is the first state in production of cotton textiles. There are 112 mills in this state and Bombay has maximum mills at 54. Bombay is also called the cotton textile capital of India. Additionally, cotton textile mills are also present at Solapur, Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Satara, Kolhapur, Sangli, Jalgaon and Nagpur. This mills produce variety of cloths like poplin, muslin, sari, dhoti, bed-sheet, suiting and shirting. This region has plenty of black soil in the hinterland, humid climate and proximity to the Bombay port. Hence, cotton textile industry has thrived in this region. This state produces 39% of cotton textile of the country.

(A) Tamil Nadu

Rajasthan is the largest producer of cement in the country. Cement production in Rajasthan began in 1912-13 from Lakheri. The cement industry is concentrated along a belt around Nimbahera, Chittorgarh, Kota, Bundi and Sawaimadhopur. Additionally, some cement factories are also present in Udaipur, Nagaru, Pali and Sirohi. There are 16 large, 5 medium and 130 private cement factories in Rajasthan. Chittorgarh has 6 large factories of cement and hence this city is also called the Cement City. Rajasthan contributes 16% of total cement production in the country. 90% of cement production in Rajasthan is of Portland cement and 10% is white cement.

Iron and steel industry in India began with foundation of Barakar Iron Works at Kulti in West Bengal. This industry was developed in different stages during different Five Year Plans; after independence. During the Second Five Year Plan factories were established at Durgapur (West Bengal) with British collaboration, at Rourkela (Odisha) with Russian collaboration, and at Bhilai (Chhattisgarh) with Russian collaboration. The steel plant at Bokaro (Jharkhand) was established during the Fourth Five Year Plan. The steel plant at Bokaro is the largest steel plant in Asia. The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) was formed in 1973 to ensure qualitative growth in this industry. India was the 8th largest producer of wrought iron in the world in 2008. In 2015, it became the third largest producer of wrought iron in the world. The steel sector contributes 2% to the GDP and gives employment to more than 6 lakh people.

Industrial development has facilitated urbanization in many parts of the country, e.g. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Nagpur, Surat, etc. These cities are suffering from high levels of pollution of water and air. According to Central Waste Water Regulation Board Ganga and its tributary Yamuna have become highly polluted because of numerous factories of leather, paper, fertilizer, chemicals and medicines along their banks. Similarly, Gomati near Lucknow has become polluted because of effluents from paper and sugar industries. Heaps of dead fish can often be seen in this river. According to a study, about 30% population of cities is suffering from respiratory diseases.

These diseases happen because of high level poisonous substances (carbon, lead, sulphur and other factors) in air. These substances react with nitrogen and oxygen that adversely affect human body, soil and water. This results in serious diseases that like cancer, blood disorders and skin disorders. One out of every 8 birds is on the verge of extinction in India. This is happening because of destruction of habitat and food of these birds due to industrialization, modes of transport and construction of roadways. Similarly, air pollution in cities causing acid rains which hampers soil fertility. Discharge of wastewater in rivers and lakes results in water pollution and soil pollution. Global warming is resulting in melting of glaciers which is drying up the sources of major rivers like Ganga and Yamuna.

Compared to other states Rajasthan is underdeveloped in terms of industrialization. Rajasthan contributes 6% in total industrial production in the country. The industries contribute 30% to the state’s GDP. Most of the industries in Rajasthan is based on minerals and agriculture. Industry is mainly concentrated around Alwar, Dausa, Jodhpur, Bhilwara, Rajsamand, Kota, Baran, Ajmer and Pali districts. Rajasthan holds the leading position in jewels, jewellery, mica, cement, lead and zinc, salt, handicraft and oil production.

Correct Answer is: (D) Bokaro

1. Economy 

2. Cotton textile industry 

3. Wood pulp 

4. Planning 

5. Second 

6. Fourth 

7. Maharashtra 

8. Ahmadabad 

9. Coolants

Correct Answer is: (C) Tata

The industrial policy stressed on employment generation, reduction of regional imbalance, improvement of availability of capital and raw materials, improvement in technology; so that better products could be made at low cost.

Tata Iron and Steel Company, Jamshedpur