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It is defined as the angle between the tangent to the liquid surface, at the point of contact and the solid surface inside the liquid. The angle of contact depends upon the NATURE of solid and liquid i.e. it is DIFFERENT for different pairs of solid and LIQUIDS. The angle of contact may be zero, acute or OBTUSE. The angle of contact is not ALTERED by a change in inclination of the solid surface.

It is defined as the angle between the tangent to the liquid surface, at the point of contact and the solid surface inside the liquid. The angle of contact depends upon the nature of solid and liquid i.e. it is different for different pairs of solid and liquids. The angle of contact may be zero, acute or obtuse. The angle of contact is not altered by a change in inclination of the solid surface.

We know that a liquid air interface costs energy, so that for a GIVEN VOLUME, the most stable surface is one which has the least surface area, which is a SPHERE. Thus, if gravity and other forces (like air RESISTANCE) are neglected, liquids drops and bubbles would be spherical.

We know that a liquid air interface costs energy, so that for a given volume, the most stable surface is one which has the least surface area, which is a sphere. Thus, if gravity and other forces (like air resistance) are neglected, liquids drops and bubbles would be spherical.

A tube with a narrow and uniform bore is called a capillary. The WORD “CAPILLA” in Latin MEANS “Hair”.

A tube with a narrow and uniform bore is called a capillary. The word “Capilla” in Latin means “Hair”.

ROBERT BOYLE, 1662

Robert Boyle, 1662

It states that at any given temperature, the VOLUME of a given mass of agas is inversely proportional to the PRESSURE APPLIED to it.

It states that at any given temperature, the volume of a given mass of agas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it.

It the temperature is constant the pressure of gas is INVERSELY proportional to the VOLUME (the gas will contract if the pressure is raised): PV = RT is the PERFECT gas equation.

It the temperature is constant the pressure of gas is inversely proportional to the volume (the gas will contract if the pressure is raised): PV = RT is the perfect gas equation.

SUPER CONDUCTORS.

Super conductors.

The RATIO of LINEAR STRAIN to the NORMAL STRESS.

The ratio of linear strain to the normal stress.

TENSILE STRENGTH.

Tensile strength.

HALF of STRESS * STRAIN

Half of stress * strain

Steel.

Steel.

This refers to the energy POSSESSED by the atoms of MOLECULES of a substance at 0 0 K. It cannot be explained on the basis of CLASSICAL physics but can be accounted for as a quantum effect.

This refers to the energy possessed by the atoms of molecules of a substance at 0 0 K. It cannot be explained on the basis of classical physics but can be accounted for as a quantum effect.

The BRANCH of SCIENCE DEALING the accurate measurement of the three fundamental quanlities: MASS, length and time. It is generally extended to mean the systematic study of WEIGHTS and measurements.

The branch of science dealing the accurate measurement of the three fundamental quanlities: mass, length and time. It is generally extended to mean the systematic study of weights and measurements.

ELEMENTARY particles that are THOUGHT to be responsible for the exchange forces between NUCLEONS in a nucleus. Their masses are more than that of ELECTRONS and less than that of nucleons.

Elementary particles that are thought to be responsible for the exchange forces between nucleons in a nucleus. Their masses are more than that of electrons and less than that of nucleons.

Lead.

Lead.

Boyle's LAW, the pressure of CERTAIN QUANTITIES of GAS on stable heat is INVERSELY proportional to its volume.

Boyle's law, the pressure of certain quantities of gas on stable heat is inversely proportional to its volume.

The particles in GASES are not in contact with each other and are free to move relative to one ANOTHER. The spacing between individual particles is very FAR APART. A gas has no fixed volume or shape. It occupies both the shape and the volume of the container it occupies.

The particles in gases are not in contact with each other and are free to move relative to one another. The spacing between individual particles is very far apart. A gas has no fixed volume or shape. It occupies both the shape and the volume of the container it occupies.

The PARTICLES in a SOLID are closely packed TOGETHER. They are often in an ordered arrangement called a CRYSTAL lattice.

The particles in a solid are closely packed together. They are often in an ordered arrangement called a crystal lattice.

A PROCESS by which molecules of a solvent TEND to PASS through a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one is known as OSMOSIS.

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semi-permeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one is known as osmosis.

The particles in a liquid are close TOGETHER but not as close together as in a SOLID. There is some order to the particles and they flow together freely.

The particles in a liquid are close together but not as close together as in a solid. There is some order to the particles and they flow together freely.

The particles in plasma are most SIMILAR to those in a gas. The particles are negatively charged free electrons and positively charged IONS of an atom. The particles are very far apart and the electrons are FAST and freely MOVING.

The particles in plasma are most similar to those in a gas. The particles are negatively charged free electrons and positively charged ions of an atom. The particles are very far apart and the electrons are fast and freely moving.

Distillation is a procedure by which two LIQUIDS with different boiling points can be SEPARATED or it is a process in which the components of a substance or liquid mixture are separated by heating it to a CERTAIN TEMPERATURE and condensing the RESULTING vapours.

Distillation is a procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated or it is a process in which the components of a substance or liquid mixture are separated by heating it to a certain temperature and condensing the resulting vapours.

SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, and PLASMA.

Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

A MIXTURE in which its components do not mix with each other and the DISTRIBUTION of components in different parts of the mixture is not UNIFORM is CALLED heterogeneous mixture.

A mixture in which its components do not mix with each other and the distribution of components in different parts of the mixture is not uniform is called heterogeneous mixture.

An element is a substance made up of just one type of ATOM. Gold is an element. A SOLID piece of gold is made only of gold atoms. There are 117 KNOWN elements and they are all LISTED on the periodic table.

An element is a substance made up of just one type of atom. Gold is an element. A solid piece of gold is made only of gold atoms. There are 117 known elements and they are all listed on the periodic table.

The temperature determines the state of a substance. When heated enough, a solid changes to a LIQUID, and a liquid to a gas. These changes of state TAKE places because the molecules, or tiny bits of matter than MAKE up the substance, vibrate faster when the substance is heated (kinetic ENERGY increases). When the molecules vibrate faster, the attractive FORCES that hold the molecules together are broken. When cooled (this is the process of losing heat), a gas changes to a liquid, and a liquid changes to a solid.

The temperature determines the state of a substance. When heated enough, a solid changes to a liquid, and a liquid to a gas. These changes of state take places because the molecules, or tiny bits of matter than make up the substance, vibrate faster when the substance is heated (kinetic energy increases). When the molecules vibrate faster, the attractive forces that hold the molecules together are broken. When cooled (this is the process of losing heat), a gas changes to a liquid, and a liquid changes to a solid.

Some ELEMENTS SHOW the PROPERTIES between METALS and non-metals and are known as METALLOIDS such as boron, silicon etc.

Some elements show the properties between metals and non-metals and are known as metalloids such as boron, silicon etc.

Heterogeneous is a sample of matter CONSISTING of more than one PHASE. HOMOGENEOUS is a sample of matter consisting of a SINGLE phase.

Heterogeneous is a sample of matter consisting of more than one phase. Homogeneous is a sample of matter consisting of a single phase.

Sublimation is a CHEMICAL PROCESS where solid is CONVERTED into a GAS without going through a liquid stage. At standard, atmospheric pressure, a few solids which will sublime are iodine, carbon dioxide, naphthalene and ARSENIC.

Sublimation is a chemical process where solid is converted into a gas without going through a liquid stage. At standard, atmospheric pressure, a few solids which will sublime are iodine, carbon dioxide, naphthalene and arsenic.

ARCHIMEDES realized that when an object is submerged in water its volume is equal to the volume of the displaced water. By DIVIDING the MASS of object (such as the crown) by its volume, the object's density can be determined. Archimedes compared the density of the crown to that of solid GOLD and determined that the crown was not solid gold.

Archimedes realized that when an object is submerged in water its volume is equal to the volume of the displaced water. By dividing the mass of object (such as the crown) by its volume, the object's density can be determined. Archimedes compared the density of the crown to that of solid gold and determined that the crown was not solid gold.

Chromatography is ONE of the most important TECHNIQUES for the SEPARATION of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a MEDIUM in which the components move at different RATES. Mixtures that are suitable for separation by chromatography include inks, dyes and colouring agents in food.

Chromatography is one of the most important techniques for the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension through a medium in which the components move at different rates. Mixtures that are suitable for separation by chromatography include inks, dyes and colouring agents in food.

During a CHEMICAL change the chemical identity of the substance is changed. During a physical change the chemical identity remains the same but the STATE of matter or physical PROPERTY has changed (such as water CHANGING to ICE).

During a chemical change the chemical identity of the substance is changed. During a physical change the chemical identity remains the same but the state of matter or physical property has changed (such as water changing to ice).