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The correct choice is (a) True

The best explanation: Plants are usually DESCRIBED beginning with its habit, VEGETATIVE characters and FLORAL characters like inflorescence, parts of a FLOWER – Gynoecium, Androecium, Calyx and COROLLA.

Right option is (d) Testa is the thin inner LAYER and tegmen is the thick outer layer of a seed COAT

The best I can explain: Testa and tegmen are the TWO layers of a seed coat. These are so closely attached that they can’t be SEPARATED unless soaked in water. Testa is the thick outer layer and tegmen is the thin inner layer of a seed coat .Seed coat provides PROTECTION to the embryo.

Correct option is (d) Legumes have a swollen LEAF BASE called Pulvinus

The explanation is: Lamina CONTAINS veins and veinlets that transmit water to different REGIONS of the leaf. Petiole is flexible thin structure that helps in fluttering of leaves in the air. Based on the presence or absence of petiole, plants are classified into petiolate and sessile respectively. SINCE petiole is absent in grass, it is considered to be sessile. Legumes have a swollen leaf base called Pulvinus.

Right choice is (b) From the primary ROOTS GROWS the secondary roots from lateral surfaces

The explanation: Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil. Radicle grows to form a primary root inside the soil. Most of the dicotyledons adopt TAP root system. ADVENTITIOUS roots are present in Banyan TREE.

Correct OPTION is (a) True

Easy explanation: Several ripened ovaries produced by same flower on same thalamus FORM AGGREGATE fruits and each ovary forms a fruitlet. Raspberries and strawberries can be considered as EXAMPLES of aggregate fruits.

The CORRECT option is (a) True

The explanation is: After fertilization, ovary RIPENS to a FRUIT and ovules turn into the seed. Sometimes it’s even possible that fruits don’t contain SEEDS because they GET ripened even before the fertilization takes place.

Correct option is (b) Trimerous

To ELABORATE: Periwinkle and China rose are examples of pentamerous FLOWERS (5 floral APPENDAGES). Lilies are examples of trimerous flowers (3 floral appendages). JASMINE is an example of tetramerous flower (4 floral appendages).

Right option is (c) In garlic, a SINGLE bulb is present

Easy explanation: In bulb, stem is underground and condensed with fleshy leaves. Leaves are arranged in concentric fashion. In ONION, a single bulb is present WHEREAS in garlic MANY bulbs combine to form a bigger bulb. Scale leaves are present on the bulb.

Right option is (b) Radish ADOPTS napiform to store food

The explanation is: Most of the times, tap ROOTS BECOME swollen to store. Radish adopts fusiform to store food. Napiform is found in turnip and the root is SPHERICAL in the top and tapers in the bottom. If the root is swollen in the middle and those that tapers on both the sides are CALLED fusiform roots.

Correct OPTION is (d) Stilt roots are present in beetle

For EXPLANATION: Prop roots are those that originate from AERIAL branches. Prop roots are also called hanging roots. Those roots that originate from stem base that grow obliquely and penetrate into the SOIL are called stilt roots. Stilt roots are present in sugar cane and maize.

The correct CHOICE is (a) True

To explain: ADVENTITIOUS roots ARISE from parts of the plant other than the RADICLE. Both banyan tree and grass adopt adventitious roots that grow from various parts of the plant other than the radicle.

Correct option is (a) Coleoptile

The EXPLANATION: A scutellum contains an embryonic shoot and an embryonic ROOT called as PLUMULE and RADICLE respectively. The embryonic shoot is COVERED by a protective layer called coleoptile.

Correct answer is (d) Cherries are an example of berry

Easiest explanation: In simple DRY fruits, the entire PERICARP is dry and HARD when it reaches maturity. In this TYPE of fruits, a single ripened OVARY with one or many seeds. In drupe, only mesocarp is fleshy and edible. Cherries are an example of drupe.

Correct answer is (c) In epigynous flower, GYNOECIUM and other whorls of the flower remain on the same level

For EXPLANATION I would SAY: In hypogynous flower, gynoecium occupies the highest position. Superior ovary is present in hypogynous flower. In epigynous flower, gynoecium is the bottom most WHORL. China rose is an example of hypogynous flower.

Correct answer is (b) They have an INFERIOR ovary

Explanation: Fabaceae is zygomorphic and gamosepalous in nature. They have a superior ovary. Their androecium is diadelphous. SOYABEANS, Lupin etc. belongs to the CATEGORY o Fabaceae.

The correct option is (a) True

To elaborate: In a floral formula, fusion and adhesion are INDICATED by ENCLOSING the figure WITHIN BRACKET or by drawing a line above the symbols of the floral PARTS respectively. A floral formula represents a flower using simple symbols.

Correct choice is (c) Endosperm

Easy explanation: The EDIBLE PART of a coconut is the endosperm. Edible part varies in EVERY fruit. In pear and apple, the edible part is the SWOLLEN thalamus. And in a banana it’s the ovary of the FLOWER that forms the fruit.

Correct OPTION is (a) True

Explanation: The inner most whirl in a flower is called Gynoecium and the members of Gynoecium are called carpels. Gynoecium is referred to be the female reproductive organ of a flower bearing egg CELLS in it.

The correct choice is (c) Opposite phyllotaxy is present in China rose

To explain I WOULD say: The ARRANGEMENT of leaves in the plant is called phyllotaxy.In ALTERNATE phyllotaxy, a SINGLE leaf is present at each node. This kind of phyllotaxy is SEEN in China rose. In whorled phyllotaxy, multiple leaves are present at each node.

Right OPTION is (c) Breathing roots are PRESENT in mango

Explanation: In some plants that grow in MARSHY areas, roots are modified to FACILITATE respiration. Pneumatophores are SPECIALIZED breathing roots that help in respiration of plant that grows in marshy areas. Breathing roots are present in mangroves that occur mostly in Sunderban deltas. Exchange of gases occurs through lenticels in pneumatophores.

The correct OPTION is (d) The PETALS in SOLANACEAE show imbricate aestivation

Best explanation: Solanaceae is also called as the potato family. Lupin and SWEET pea is also called as ornamentals. Lupin and sweet pea is also called as ornamentals. The petals in Solanaceae show valvate aestivation.

The correct choice is (d) In a floral diagram, the fusion is represented by enclosing the figure within BRACKETS and adhesion is represented by drawing line over the SYMBOLS of the floral parts

To explain: A floral diagram represents a CLEAR pictorial view of a flower. The position of the mother axis with respect to the other floral parts is represented by the dot on the top of the floral diagram. It is possible to represent the cohesion and adhesion within parts of whorls and between whorls USING a floral diagram. In a floral formula, the fusion is represented by enclosing the figure within brackets and adhesion is represented by drawing line over the symbols of the floral parts.

The correct choice is (b) In PARIETAL placentation, PLACENTA is swollen at centre and ovules get arranged around it

Easiest explanation: In BASAL placentation, ovule is present at BASE of the ovary. In free central placentation, placenta is swollen at the centre and ovules get arranged around it. In apical placentation, ovule is present at apex of the ovary. Lemon is an example of axial placentation.

Right OPTION is (d) In COCONUT, endocarp is the edible part

Easy explanation: Seedless fruits are formed if fertilization fails to takes place. In pineapple, ovary is the edible part and in PEAR both ovary and thalamus are edible. In a coconut endosperm is the edible part.

Right option is (a) True

Explanation: Flowers are CLASSIFIED as trimerous (example: lily), tetramerous (example: JASMINE) and pentamerous (example: hibiscus) based on the number of floral appendages in multiples of 3, 4 and 5 RESPECTIVELY.

Right OPTION is (b) In cymose inflorescence, the FLORAL main axis CONTINUES to grow throughout the life

The best EXPLANATION: In racemose inflorescence, the youngest flower remains at the top of floral axis and indefinite number of flowers are formed. In cymose inflorescence, the floral main axis is limited however the axilary branches continue to grow throughout the life.

Correct choice is (a) True

Explanation: Green, LATERAL, flattened structure borne on stem NODES and ESSENTIAL to perform photosynthesis is CALLED a leaf. Leaf has mainly three parts, namely, lamen, petiole and leaf base.

Right OPTION is (b) Prop roots are also called as climbing roots

Easy explanation: Banyan roots have adventitious roots called prop roots that provide them with additional SUPPORT. Prop roots are also called as hanging roots. Prop roots on MEETING the soil form secondary and tertiary roots. Initially these start as tiny outgrowth on the branches and become woody and large.

The correct ANSWER is (a) True

To elaborate: A stem is POSITIVELY phototropic and most of the TIMES negatively geotropic. ROOTS are negatively phototropic and most of the times positively geotrophic. A stem can grow underground as well.

Correct option is (a) Scutellum

The BEST I can EXPLAIN: A single COTYLEDON i.e. a monocotyledon is also termed as scutellum. A scutellum consists of the embryonic shoot called plumule and the embryonic root called radicle. They get their nourishment from the endosperm in the initial stage and from the cotyledons during their DEVELOPMENT into a shoot system.

Right answer is (d) An axillary bud is present at the end of every leaflet

To explain: Simple LEAVES are those leaves that are either ENTIRE or incised without touching the mid-rib. Compound leaves are those leaves in which incisions reach the mid-rib breaking the lamina into leaflets called as ‘PINNATE’. In palmate compound leaves, leaflets are attached at a COMMON point. An axillary bud is present at the end of every leaf.

Right option is (d) RADICLE grows into the shoot and the plumule FORMS the ROOT system

For explanation I would say: A seed mainly contains a seed coat and an EMBRYO. Embryo contains cotyledons, radicle and plumule. Embryo also contains ENDOSPERM that reserves nutrition for the embryo. Plumule grows into the shoot and the radicle forms the root system.

Correct answer is (B) C is USED to represent the perianth of a flower

Easy explanation: K is used to represent the calyx of a flower. Br is used to represent the bracetate of a flower. A is used to represent the ANDROECIUM of a flower. C is used to represent the COROLLA of a flower. P indicates the perianth of a flower.

Correct choice is (c) Flowers that possess radial symmetry is SAID to be zygomorphic flower

To EXPLAIN: A flower CONTAINING only stamen is called staminate. BASED on symmetry, flowers are CLASSIFIED into actinomorphic, zygomorphic and asymmetric flowers. Flowers that possess radial symmetry is said to be actinomorphic flower. Canna is an asymmetric flower.

Correct choice is (d) Plants that grow tall derive their additional mechanical support by sending pillar like woody roots called stilt roots

Easy EXPLANATION: Root system helps in absorption of water and MINERALS from soil. In plants like mangroves, breathing roots called PNEUMATOPHORES are present. Pneumatophores grow VERTICALLY UPWARDS and exchange gases through lenticels. Plants that grow tall derive their additional mechanical support by sending pillar like woody roots called prop roots.

Correct option is (C) In monoadelphous, all filaments of STAMENS are bunched and all the stamens are united

The best I can explain: In epiphyllous flowers, stamens are attached to perianth. Stamens attached to CARPELS are gynandrous. In monoadelphous, all filaments of stamens are bunched and all the stamens are FREE. In polystemonous, stamens are free i.e. they are neither attached to any part of the flower nor to each other.

The correct answer is (b) They adopt fibrous ROOT system

Explanation: In carrot, ROOTS are edible. They adopt fibrous root system. Turnip and beetroot also adopt the same type of root system. In this root system, ONE primary root present grows DEEP into soil and MANY secondary roots grow along the sides of the primary roots.

Right answer is (c) Mersistematic cells when mature forms the so called growing cells

The best explanation: The root is covered at the end by a thimble like structure called root CAP. MERISTEMATIC tissue helps in the growth of plants. Meristematic cells when mature FORM the so called permanent cells. Root hairs increase the surface area which helps in INCREASING the levels of WATER absorption.

The CORRECT answer is (a) STUDY of structure

Easy explanation: The word morphology derives its origin from Greek which means study of structure. Morphology is a branch of biology that deals with the structure of LIVING ORGANISMS and the RELATIONSHIP between their structures.

Right choice is (a) Actinomorphic flower

To EXPLAIN I would say: A MUSTARD flower is an example of an actinomorphic flower. A flower is said to be actinomorphic if it POSSESSES RADIAL SYMMETRY and zygomorphic if it possesses bilateral symmetry.

Right choice is (d) ARRANGEMENT of ovules within the ovary is called Aestivation

To elaborate: Basal enclosed part of carpel is called ovary. Ovules are ATTACHED to cushion like structure called Placenta. Stigma is the part of the carpel that receives POLLEN GRAIN. Arrangement of ovules within the ovary is called Placentation.

Correct choice is (c) SLENDER roots with swollen APEX are found in Dahlia

Explanation: TUBEROUS roots are those roots that are swollen and don’t have any specific shape. These are found in plants like sweet potato. Slender roots with swollen apex are found in Dahlia. Fasciculated roots are those that have tubercles at the STEM BASE.