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Ethernet port is an opening which is a part of an Ethernet card. It accepts RJ45 connector with Ethernet cable. It is also called as RJ45 jack. It is found on personal computers, laptops, routers, switches, hubs and modems.

There are many types of cables available in the networking.

1. Coaxial Cables:

This cable was invented at late 1880’s, which is used to connect the television sets to home antennas. This cable is used to transfer the information in 10 mbps. The cable is divided into thin.net and thicknet cables. These cables have a copper wire inside and insulation is covered on the top of the copper wire to provide protection to the cable.

These cables are very difficult to install and maintain, because they are too big to carry and replace. The coaxial cable got its name by the word “coax”. Nowadays coaxial cables are also used for dish TV where the setup box and the television is connected using the coaxial cable only. Some of the cable names are Media Bridge 50-feet Coaxial cable, Amazon basics CL2-Rated Coaxial cables, etc.

2. Twisted Pair Cables:

It is type of cable with two or more insulated wires twisted together. It started with the speed of 10 mbps (10BASE-T cable is used). Then the cable is improved ” and the speed was higher and went to 100 mbps and the cable-was renamed as 100BASE-TX. Then finally the cable improved more made to 10 gbps and named as 10GBASE-T. Ths twisted cable has 8 wires which are twisted to ignore electromagnetic interference.

Also the eight wires cannot be placed in a single unit there could be a difficult in spacious, so it is twisted to make as one wire. There are two types of twisted pair cables, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP). The UTP is used nowadays as modem cables for Internet and they are lower in cost and installation and maintenance is easy compared to the coaxial cables. STP is similar to UTP, but it is covered by an additional jackets to protect the wires from External interference.

3. Fiber Optics:

This cable is different from the other two cables. The other two cables had an insulating material at the outside and the conducting material like copper inside. But in this cable it is of strands of glass and pulse of light is used to send the information. They are mainly used in Wide Area Network (WAN). The WAN is a network that extends to very large distance to connect the computers. One example of WAN is Internet.

These cables are placed in deep underground to avoid any damage to the cables. The optic cable uses light to transmit the information from one place to another. There are two types of fiber optic cables available, One is single-mode (lOOBaseBx) another one is Multimode (lOOBaseSX). Single-mode cables are used for long distance transmission and at a high cost whereas the multimode cables are used for short distance transmission at a very low cost. The optic cables are easy to maintain and install.

4. USB Cables:

The Universal Serial Bus are used to connect keyboard, mouse and other peripheral devices. But there are some special network devices used to connect the Internet through the USB called dongles. The dongle is a small peripheral device which has a compatible of mobile broadband with a sim slot in it and connects the Internet and acts as a modem to the computer.

5. Serial and Parallel cables:

Before In the year of 1980s to 1990s the Ethernet and the USB were not developed. Then the Serial and Parallel interface cables are used to connect the Internet to the system. They were sometime used for PC to PC networking. Before the USB emerged, the system will have both serial port and parallel port.

The serial port will send 1 bit at one time whereas the parallel port will send 8 bit at one time. The parallel cables are used to connect to the printer and other disk drivers. RS232 is one type of serial cable, also known as Null modem cable.

6. Ethernet Cables:

Ethernet cable is the most common type of network cable mainly used for connecting the computers or devices at home or office. This cable connects wired devices within the local area network (LAN) for sharing the resources and accessing Internet.

Cat5, Cat6, Cat7, Cat3, Cat6e.

(b) rotating tool

8 small wires are present inside the patch cables

1. If you require a cable to connect two computers or Ethernet devices directly together without a hub, then you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.

2. The easiest way to make a crossover cable is to make one end to T568A colour coding and the other end to T568B.

3. Another way to make the cable is to remember the colour coding used in this type. Here Green set of wires at one end are connected with the Orange set of wires at another end and vice versa.

(c) null modem

Coaxial Cables:

This cable was invented at late 1880’s, which is used to connect the television sets to home antennas. This cable is used to transfer the information in 10 mbps.

8 pins are used in RJ45 cables

Answer is (c) a and b

RJ21 is called as champ connector

The crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector. The tool will puncture the connector and makes the wire set in the connector.

(c) Coaxial cable

(b) Cross Over wiring

RJ45 is used in the Ethernet cables

Dongles is a small peripheral device with a sim slot to connect the computers to Internet.

Light is used in the optical fibre cables to transmit data

(d) Cross over Ethernet

(b) Parallel port

RJ45 Connector:

1. The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to connect the Internet.

2. The RJ45 connector looks similar like a telephone jack but it looks a slightly wider. The Ethernet cables are sometime called as RJ45 cables.

3. In RJ45 the “RJ” stands for the Registered Jack and the “45” simply refers to the number of interface standard in the cable.

RS-232 cable is also used for interconnecting two computers without modem. So it is also a null modem cable. A cable interconnecting two devices directly is known as a null modem cable.

Serial Ports:

1. Serial port transmits data one but after another.

2. Data transmisison is slow

3. 9 pin or 25 pin male connectors.

4. Eg. COM, COM2, RS232

5. It can be connected to monitor, scanners, models

Parallel Ports:

1. It transmits all 8 bits of a byte is parallel.

2. It is fast

3. 25 pin female connector

4. Eg. LPTI Port

5. It is used to connect printer, joysticks

6. external hard drives

Serial and Parallel interface cables are used to connect the Internet to the system. They were sometime used for PC to PC networking. Before the USB emerged, the system will have both serial port and parallel port.

The Serial port will send 1 bit at one time.

The parallel port will send 8 bit at one time.

Crimping process for making Ethernet cables 

1. Cut the cable with desired length

2. Strip the insulation sheath about 1 inch from both end of the cable and expose the Twisted pair wires

3. After stripping the wire, untwist the smaller wires and arrange them into the proper wiring scheme, T568B preferred generally.

4. Bring the wires tighter together and cut them down so that they all have the same length ( Vi inch).

5. Insert the all 8 coloured wires into the eight grooves in the connector. The wires should be, inserted until the plastic sheath is also inside the connector.

6. Use the crimping tool to lock the RJ45 connector on the cable. It should be strong enough to handle manual traction. Now it is ready for data transmission.

7. Use a cable tester to verify the proper connectivity of the cable, if need.

In general, the Ethernet cables used for Ethernet connections are “straight-through cables”. These cable wires are in the same sequence at both ends of the cable, which means that pin 1 of the plug on one end is connected to pin 1 of the plug on the other end (for both standard – T568A & T568B). the straight through wiring cables are mostly used for connecting PC / NIC card to a hub.

1. Twisted cable has 13 wires which are twisted to ignore electromagnetic interferefice

2. Two types of twisted pair cables are Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP).

2 types of fibre optic cables are available

RS 232 is Null modem cable

There are two types of fiber optic cables available, One is single-mode (100BaseBx) another one is Multimode (100BaseSX). Single-mode cables are used for long distance transmission and at a high cost whereas the multimode cables are used for short distance transmission at a very low cost.

The most popular modem form of registered Jack is RJ-11

Crimping is the process of joining two or more pieces of metal or wire by deforming one or both of them to hold each other.

1. Patch Cable (Twisted pair)

2. RJ45 Connector

3. Ethernet Ports

4. Crimping Tool

Patch Cable (Twisted Pair): These Cables are generally made up of 8 wires in different colors. Four of them are solid colours, and the others are striped. The eight colors are white green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange, white brown and brown.

The RJ45 connector has eight small pins inside to connect eight small wires in the patch ’cable. The eight cables has eight different colours The Ethernet port is the jack where the Ethernet cable is to be connected. This port will be there in both the computers and the LAN port.

The crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector(RJ45).

There are 8 pins in RJ45 connectors

The patch cable has 4 solid color cables.

There are two types of twisted pair cables, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP). The UTP is used nowadays as modem cables for Internet and they are lower in cost and installation and maintenance is easy compared to the coaxial cables.

(b) 100 BASE-X – 100 MBPS

Transmit/Receive

red is not present in T-568A

Answer is (b) (i), (ii)

(a) A is true R is the reason

1. receiver negative

2. (Tx -)

3. Network Interface card

(i) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

(ii) Registered Jacks

(b) Shielded Twisted pair

Rollover cable is a type of null-modem cable that is often used to connect a device console port to make programming changes to the device. The roll over wiring have opposite pin arrangements, all the cables are rolled over to different arrangements. In the rollover cable, The coloured wires are reversed on other end i.e. The pins on one end are connected with other end in reverse order (i.e. pin 1 to 8, 2 to 7, 3 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 4, 6 to 3, 7 to 2, 8 to 1).

(d) category

Straight-through:

The coloured wires are in the same sequence at both ends of the cable. Cross-over: The first coloured wire at one end of the cable is the third coloured wire at the other end of the cable.

(b) Bob Metcalfe

Ethernet was invented in 1973