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SATAN stands for Security ANALYSIS Tool for Auditing Networks. It SEARCHES for all TYPES of configuration errors that might be used to BREAK into the system.

SATAN stands for Security Analysis Tool for Auditing Networks. It searches for all types of configuration errors that might be used to break into the system.

A sniffer is a device or program that looks for RAW DATA on the NETWORK.

A sniffer is a device or program that looks for raw data on the network.

NCSA is an independent ORGANIZATION that CERTIFIES ANTIVIRUS programs.

NCSA is an independent organization that certifies antivirus programs.

ISP is an organization that MAINTAINS gateways to Internet and RENTS access to CUSTOMERS on service basis.

ISP is an organization that maintains gateways to Internet and rents access to customers on service basis.

MAPI is a PROGRAM interface by MICROSOFT that sends e-mail with an attached document from Widows APPLICATION.

MAPI is a program interface by Microsoft that sends e-mail with an attached document from Widows application.

PRETTY Good Privacy is used to PROTECT e-mail messages through encryption PROGRAMS. It is used for SIGNING, encrypting, and decrypting e-mails to increase the security of e-mail communications.

Pretty Good Privacy is used to protect e-mail messages through encryption programs. It is used for signing, encrypting, and decrypting e-mails to increase the security of e-mail communications.

A PUBLIC key is a code or PASSWORD that is DISTRIBUTED to ENCRYPT the message. It is AVAILABLE from public key servers.

A public key is a code or password that is distributed to encrypt the message. It is available from public key servers.

A private key is a code or password that is never TRANSMITTED over network. It is stored in ENCRYPTED FORM on USER's SYSTEM only.

A private key is a code or password that is never transmitted over network. It is stored in encrypted form on user's system only.

Secure e-mail is an ENCODED e-mail message that can be READ only by the INTENDED recipient.

Secure e-mail is an encoded e-mail message that can be read only by the intended recipient.

Auto responder is an e-mail filtering program designed to DISTRIBUTE prewritten REPLY automatically as SOON as the e-mail from a sender is RECEIVED.

Auto responder is an e-mail filtering program designed to distribute prewritten reply automatically as soon as the e-mail from a sender is received.

You can avoid JUNK or spam e-mail by requesting removal of your e-mail ID and name from the MAILING list, reporting the OFFENDER to an Internet service provider (ISP), and using e-mail filter PROGRAM.

You can avoid junk or spam e-mail by requesting removal of your e-mail ID and name from the mailing list, reporting the offender to an Internet service provider (ISP), and using e-mail filter program.

JUNK e-mail is an UNSOLICITED and UNWANTED e-mail.

Junk e-mail is an unsolicited and unwanted e-mail.

Spamming is an ACT of sending out an e-mail or NEWS MESSAGE to MULTIPLE e-mail addresses simultaneously.

Spamming is an act of sending out an e-mail or news message to multiple e-mail addresses simultaneously.

Security POLICY is a combination of rules and PROCEDURES designed to MANAGE the security of information throughout an organization. The MAIN aim is to phase out the VULNERABILITY to viruses, hackers, and snoopers.

Security policy is a combination of rules and procedures designed to manage the security of information throughout an organization. The main aim is to phase out the vulnerability to viruses, hackers, and snoopers.

Zoo is a LIST of VIRUSES detected OUTSIDE the laboratory ENVIRONMENT.

Zoo is a list of viruses detected outside the laboratory environment.

WildList is a list of all VIRUSES maintained by National COMPUTER SECURITY Association (NCSA) laboratory.

WildList is a list of all viruses maintained by National Computer Security Association (NCSA) laboratory.

The programs that DETECT the VIRUS by SCANNING the files are called antivirus; for EXAMPLE, NORTON Antivirus, McAfee, and Quick Heal.

The programs that detect the virus by scanning the files are called antivirus; for example, Norton Antivirus, McAfee, and Quick Heal.

Virus is a self PROPAGATING malicious EXECUTABLE code which gets COPIED from one MACHINE to ANOTHER with other executable programs.

Virus is a self propagating malicious executable code which gets copied from one machine to another with other executable programs.

Trojan horse EMBEDS a piece of CODE in another code. It is used by CRACKERS to GAIN the root access to the computer.

Trojan horse embeds a piece of code in another code. It is used by crackers to gain the root access to the computer.

CHAP stands for CHALLENGE Handshake Authentication PROTOCOL. It is a PROGRAM that verifies a user's clear-text PASSWORD.

CHAP stands for Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. It is a program that verifies a user's clear-text password.

PAP STANDS for Password AUTHENTICATION Protocol. It is a PROGRAM that authenticates a user's encrypted password.

PAP stands for Password Authentication Protocol. It is a program that authenticates a user's encrypted password.

Cookie is a SMALL piece of information that a Web SERVER can store with a Web BROWSER and later read BACK from that browser.

Cookie is a small piece of information that a Web server can store with a Web browser and later read back from that browser.

A WEB server generates a key pair and SENDS the PUBLIC key to a certifying authority. The certifying authority then validates the server and sends the certificate BACK by e-mail.

A Web server generates a key pair and sends the public key to a certifying authority. The certifying authority then validates the server and sends the certificate back by e-mail.

SSL STANDS for Secure Socket LAYER and USES HTTPS (port 443). It uses cryptography for encryption, authentication, and message integrity.

SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer and uses HTTPS (port 443). It uses cryptography for encryption, authentication, and message integrity.

Message digest is a checksum, which is a fingerprint of a DOCUMENT USED to verify the INTEGRITY of the document. Message Digest algorithm 5 (MD5) is widely used for calculating the message digest.

Message digest is a checksum, which is a fingerprint of a document used to verify the integrity of the document. Message Digest algorithm 5 (MD5) is widely used for calculating the message digest.

A certificate ISSUED by a THIRD trusted party CALLED CERTIFYING authority that contains the name of party A and its public key.

A certificate issued by a third trusted party called certifying authority that contains the name of party A and its public key.

Digital SIGNATURE is an application of public KEY cryptography used to authenticate the SENDER of the MESSAGE.

Digital signature is an application of public key cryptography used to authenticate the sender of the message.

CRYPTOGRAPHY is an ART of secret writing. It protects data from theft or alteration and can also be used for USER AUTHENTICATION. There are three types of cryptographic SCHEMES: secret key or symmetric cryptography, public-key or asymmetric cryptography, and hash functions.

Cryptography is an art of secret writing. It protects data from theft or alteration and can also be used for user authentication. There are three types of cryptographic schemes: secret key or symmetric cryptography, public-key or asymmetric cryptography, and hash functions.

Socket is an interface to TRANSMISSION Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) USED by programs. It is an endpoint of TCP CONNECTION.

Socket is an interface to Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) used by programs. It is an endpoint of TCP connection.

A FIREWALL prevents UNAUTHORIZED TRAFFIC in and out of the network by forcing all traffic to pass through the firewall.

A firewall prevents unauthorized traffic in and out of the network by forcing all traffic to pass through the firewall.

The five INGREDIENTS of the conventional encryption scheme are Plaintext, Encryption ALGORITHM, Secret KEY, Cipher TEXT, and DECRYPTION algorithm.

The five ingredients of the conventional encryption scheme are Plaintext, Encryption algorithm, Secret key, Cipher text, and Decryption algorithm.

The denial of service attack PREVENTS or prohibits the NORMAL use or MANAGEMENT of the COMMUNICATION FACILITY.

The denial of service attack prevents or prohibits the normal use or management of the communication facility.

An active attack is ONE in which the INTENTION of an attacker is to modify or temper the confidential information. It can be in the form of MASQUERADING (pretending to be a different ENTITY), MODIFICATION of message, or denial of service.

An active attack is one in which the intention of an attacker is to modify or temper the confidential information. It can be in the form of masquerading (pretending to be a different entity), modification of message, or denial of service.

A PASSIVE attack is ONE in which the intention of an attacker is to obtain CONFIDENTIAL information of another person or ORGANIZATION. It can be in the form of eavesdropping or monitoring of the information.

A passive attack is one in which the intention of an attacker is to obtain confidential information of another person or organization. It can be in the form of eavesdropping or monitoring of the information.

The ATTACK can be categorized as FOLLOWS:

•  INTERRUPTION
•  Interception
•  Modification
•  FABRICATION

The attack can be categorized as follows:

A security service is a service that INCREASES the security of data PROCESSING system and CONFIDENTIAL information of a person or ORGANIZATION.

A security service is a service that increases the security of data processing system and confidential information of a person or organization.

SECURITY threat is a deliberate ATTEMPT or an accidental access to private information of a PERSON or ORGANIZATION by another person or organization.

Security threat is a deliberate attempt or an accidental access to private information of a person or organization by another person or organization.

EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, and EIA/TIA-530 are the EIA/TIA standard interface USED for SERIAL cable with CISCO ROUTERS.

EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, and EIA/TIA-530 are the EIA/TIA standard interface used for serial cable with Cisco routers.

SPID stands for SERVICE Profile Identifier, and is an ISDN PHONE number, which is USED in SIGNALLING.

SPID stands for Service Profile Identifier, and is an ISDN phone number, which is used in signalling.

LDAP is USED on the ISDN D-channel. It DELIVERS SIGNALS to local ISDN switch.

LDAP is used on the ISDN D-channel. It delivers signals to local ISDN switch.

A CLOCK source is a device to which other DEVICES when CONNECTED, adjust their transmission speed USING synchronous links.

A clock source is a device to which other devices when connected, adjust their transmission speed using synchronous links.

DSU/CSU is used as an INTERFACE to the TELEPHONE company to ATTACH the routers as CLOCK source.

DSU/CSU is used as an interface to the telephone company to attach the routers as clock source.

MLPP is used to TREAT multiple B-channels as single LINK. It FRAGMENTS packets and balances the traffic by sending DIFFERENT fragments on multiple links.

MLPP is used to treat multiple B-channels as single link. It fragments packets and balances the traffic by sending different fragments on multiple links.

• ISDN stands for Integrated Service Digital Network
• BRI stands for Basic RATE Interface
• PRI stands for PRIMARY Rate Interface.

PAP STANDS for Password Authentication Protocol and sends password as simple Text. CHAP stands for Channel Handshake Authentication Protocol and USES MD5 HASHING to PROTECT the password contents.

PAP stands for Password Authentication Protocol and sends password as simple Text. CHAP stands for Channel Handshake Authentication Protocol and uses MD5 hashing to protect the password contents.

High-level Data LINK Control (HDLC), PPP, and Link ACCESS Procedure BALANCED (LAPB) are VALID on ISDN B-channel.

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC), PPP, and Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB) are valid on ISDN B-channel.

• In BRI, two B-channels and ONE D-channel are available.
• In PRI (Tl), 23 B-channels and one D-channel are available.
• In PRI (El), 30 B-channels and one D-channel are available.

Lines with two-wires have ONE twisted-pair wire. The pair is USED to SEND signals in one direction at a TIME; THEREFORE, making it half-duplex.

Lines with two-wires have one twisted-pair wire. The pair is used to send signals in one direction at a time; therefore, making it half-duplex.

A line with four-wires have two twisted-pair wires. Each pair is USED to SEND signals in ONE direction; THEREFORE, MAKING it full-duplex.

A line with four-wires have two twisted-pair wires. Each pair is used to send signals in one direction; therefore, making it full-duplex.

E1 is a line from TELECOMMUNICATION Company with a data TRANSMISSION rate of 2.048 Mbps. This is USED in most locations outside North America, Japan, and Korea.

E1 is a line from Telecommunication Company with a data transmission rate of 2.048 Mbps. This is used in most locations outside North America, Japan, and Korea.