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The seven layers of OSI model are physical LAYER, data link layer, NETWORK layer, TRANSPORT layer, SESSION layer, application layer, and presentation layer.

The seven layers of OSI model are physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, application layer, and presentation layer.

OSI is a LAYERED model with SEVEN LAYERS, where each layer specifies specific network functions.

OSI is a layered model with seven layers, where each layer specifies specific network functions.

IOS is an OPERATING SYSTEM that MANAGES all the FUNCTIONS of routers and switches, and RUNS on Cisco routers and Cisco switches only.

IOS is an operating system that manages all the functions of routers and switches, and runs on Cisco routers and Cisco switches only.

The startup configuration FILE is STORED in Nonvolatile Random-Access MEMORY (NVRAM).

The startup configuration file is stored in Nonvolatile Random-Access Memory (NVRAM).

The following two commands are USED to show the Cisco IOS file NAME:

•  Show version
•  Show FLASH

The following two commands are used to show the Cisco IOS file name:

The command to restore the STARTUP configuration from TFTP server is ROUTER#copytftp: startup-config.

The command to restore the startup configuration from TFTP server is Router#copytftp: startup-config.

The command to TAKE BACK up of STARTUP configuration to TFTP server is Router#copystartup-configtftp.

The command to take back up of startup configuration to TFTP server is Router#copystartup-configtftp.

The WAN interfaces on router are SERIAL, INTEGRATED SERVICES Digital Network (ISDN), and Frame Relay.

The WAN interfaces on router are Serial, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), and Frame Relay.

The LAN interfaces on ROUTER are ETHERNET PORT and fast Ethernet port.

The LAN interfaces on router are Ethernet port and fast Ethernet port.

The IOS FILE is STORED in flash memory if the setting of CONFIGURATION register is 0x2102.

The IOS file is stored in flash memory if the setting of configuration register is 0x2102.

The START up diagnostic CODE for Cisco IOS is stored in Cisco BOOT ROM.

The start up diagnostic code for Cisco IOS is stored in Cisco Boot ROM.

If the COMMAND prompt shows, router(CONFIG)#, then the router is in the configuration MODE.

If the command prompt shows, router(config)#, then the router is in the configuration mode.

If the COMMAND prompt SHOWS, ROUTER#, then the router is - the privileged EXEC MODE.

If the command prompt shows, router#, then the router is - the privileged EXEC mode.

If the COMMAND prompt SHOWS, router>, then the router is in the user EXEC mode.

If the command prompt shows, router>, then the router is in the user EXEC mode.

The trains are used to map distinct markets or groups of customers that Cisco is targeting. The different IOS trains are as follows:
1. The mainline TRAIN is designed to be the most stable release.
2. The T - Technology train gets new features and bug fixes THROUGHOUT its life, and is less stable than the mainline train. Cisco does not recommend this train for production environment.
3. The S - Service Provider train is customized for the Service Provider customers.
4. The E - Enterprise train is customized for implementation in enterprise environments.
5. The B - broadband train SUPPORTS Internet-based broadband features.

The trains are used to map distinct markets or groups of customers that Cisco is targeting. The different IOS trains are as follows:
1. The mainline train is designed to be the most stable release.
2. The T - Technology train gets new features and bug fixes throughout its life, and is less stable than the mainline train. Cisco does not recommend this train for production environment.
3. The S - Service Provider train is customized for the Service Provider customers.
4. The E - Enterprise train is customized for implementation in enterprise environments.
5. The B - broadband train supports Internet-based broadband features.

You can CONNECT to a router using one of the following THREE ways:
1. Console port
2. Auxiliary port
3. One of the ETHERNET PORTS

You can connect to a router using one of the following three ways:
1. Console port
2. Auxiliary port
3. One of the Ethernet ports

The show flash command is used to show IOS FILE and flash space.

The show flash command is used to show IOS file and flash space.

The tool used to match CISCO IOS SOFTWARE RELEASES to features to hardware is Cisco FEATURE NAVIGATOR.

The tool used to match Cisco IOS Software releases to features to hardware is Cisco Feature Navigator.

The IOS PACKAGES for switches are as follows:

•  LAYER 2 BASE
•  LAN Base
•  IP Base
•  IP Services
•  Advanced IP Services
•  Enterprise Services
•  Advanced Enterprise Services

The IOS packages for switches are as follows:

The premium IOS PACKAGES are as FOLLOWS:

•  Advanced IP SERVICES
•  Enterprise Services
•  SP Services

The premium IOS packages are as follows:

The router IOS packages are as follows:

•  IP Base.
•  ENTERPRISE Base.
•  IP Voice.
•  ADVANCED Security.
•  SP SERVICES.

The router IOS packages are as follows:

The MZ INDICATES that the MEMORY LOCATION is FLASH memory.

The mz indicates that the memory location is flash memory.

The meaning of ENTBASEK9 is that the IMAGE is ENTERPRISE Base with the Crypto feature set.

The meaning of entbasek9 is that the image is Enterprise Base with the Crypto feature set.

The MAINTENANCE RELEASE is 22.

The maintenance release is 22.

The TRAIN NUMBER is 124.

The train number is 124.

The HARDWARE is 3825 ROUTER.

The hardware is 3825 router.

The hardware, feature SET, format, and other information about the IMAGE file is REPRESENTED in the CISCO IOS Software image name.

The hardware, feature set, format, and other information about the image file is represented in the Cisco IOS Software image name.

The THREE versions of IOS are as FOLLOWS:

•  Rebuilds.
•  INTERIM Releases.
•  MAINTENANCE Releases.

The three versions of IOS are as follows:

The RELEASE NUMBER in 12.4(24)T is 24.

The release number in 12.4(24)T is 24.

T STANDS for the TECHNOLOGY TRAIN.

T stands for the Technology train.

The MAJOR RELEASE NUMBER in 12.4(24)T is 12.

The major release number in 12.4(24)T is 12.

CISCO IOS is STORED in FLASH MEMORY.

Cisco IOS is stored in flash memory.

Remote Desktop ALLOWS the graphical interface of a remote Windows system to be displayed over a NETWORK onto a LOCAL system.

Remote Desktop allows the graphical interface of a remote Windows system to be displayed over a network onto a local system.

UAG inflict granular ACCESS CONTROLS and policies to deliver COMPREHENSIVE remote access, ENSURE security, and reduce management costs and complexities.

UAG inflict granular access controls and policies to deliver comprehensive remote access, ensure security, and reduce management costs and complexities.

Forefront UAG 2010 DELIVERS comprehensive and secure remote access to CORPORATE resources for EMPLOYEES, partners, and vendors on mobile devices.

Forefront UAG 2010 delivers comprehensive and secure remote access to corporate resources for employees, partners, and vendors on mobile devices.

With DIRECTACCESS, mobile USERS are able to access CORPORATE resources, such as e-mail servers, shared FOLDERS, or Intranet websites anytime when they have an Internet connection.

With DirectAccess, mobile users are able to access corporate resources, such as e-mail servers, shared folders, or Intranet websites anytime when they have an Internet connection.

The procedure for configuring logging can be performed at the following levels in IIS:

•  WEB SERVER.
•  Site.
•  Application.
• PHYSICAL and virtual directories.
•  File (URL).

The procedure for configuring logging can be performed at the following levels in IIS:

HTTP.sys LISTENS for HTTP requests from the network, PASSES the requests ONTO IIS for processing, and then returns processed responses to CLIENT browsers.

HTTP.sys listens for HTTP requests from the network, passes the requests onto IIS for processing, and then returns processed responses to client browsers.

After developing an ASP.NET WEB application, the application is hosted on IIS server. Small websites can be hosted on ONE standalone server; however, websites for big organizations, where there can be millions of daily user hits, are hosted on multiple SERVERS. This is called Web FARMS where single website is hosted on multiple IIS servers and they run behind the Load Balancer.

After developing an ASP.NET Web application, the application is hosted on IIS server. Small websites can be hosted on one standalone server; however, websites for big organizations, where there can be millions of daily user hits, are hosted on multiple servers. This is called Web farms where single website is hosted on multiple IIS servers and they run behind the Load Balancer.

FOLLOWING are the two LAYERS of IIS architecture:
1. Kernel mode, which includes HTTP.sys.
2. User mode, which includes Web ADMIN SERVICE, Virtual Directory, and Application Pool.

Following are the two layers of IIS architecture:
1. Kernel mode, which includes HTTP.sys.
2. User mode, which includes Web Admin Service, Virtual Directory, and Application Pool.

WMI provider provides access to configuration and SERVER state information to the VBScipt and JSCRIPT writers. With WMI provider, administrators can EASILY automate the basic configuration tasks, such as managing WEBSITES and applications.

WMI provider provides access to configuration and server state information to the VBScipt and JScript writers. With WMI provider, administrators can easily automate the basic configuration tasks, such as managing websites and applications.

The Appcmd.exe tool is used for administering the server to READ and write configure values, and access SITES and APPLICATION pool state information from the command PROMPT.

The Appcmd.exe tool is used for administering the server to read and write configure values, and access sites and application pool state information from the command prompt.

Windows PowerShell Provider for IIS 7.0 ALLOWS WEB ADMINISTRATORS and hosting providers to easily automate routine and complex IIS 7.0 administration TASKS, such as creating WEBSITES and managing configuration and runtime data.

Windows PowerShell Provider for IIS 7.0 allows Web administrators and hosting providers to easily automate routine and complex IIS 7.0 administration tasks, such as creating websites and managing configuration and runtime data.

Following TYPES of authentications are AVAILABLE in IIS:

•  Anonymous (enabled by default).
•  Basic.
•  DIGEST.
•  Integrated WINDOWS authentication (enabled by default).
•  CLIENT certificate mapping.

Following types of authentications are available in IIS:

IIS 7.0 delivers a comprehensive set of administration TOOLS, including a brand NEW administration GRAPHICAL user interface, a new command LINE tool, and new managed code and scripting Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to simplify day-to-day TASKS for developers and administrators.

IIS 7.0 delivers a comprehensive set of administration tools, including a brand new administration graphical user interface, a new command line tool, and new managed code and scripting Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to simplify day-to-day tasks for developers and administrators.

IIS 7.0 has integrated .NET extensibility that PROVIDES ultimate flexibility in extending and customizing the Web server. It comes with more than FORTY MODULES that make up the IIS 7.0 FEATURE SET. You can add, remove, or replace any of these modules because IIS 7.0 was built on public Win32 and .NET extensibility APIs.

IIS 7.0 has integrated .NET extensibility that provides ultimate flexibility in extending and customizing the Web server. It comes with more than forty modules that make up the IIS 7.0 feature set. You can add, remove, or replace any of these modules because IIS 7.0 was built on public Win32 and .NET extensibility APIs.

IIS 7.0 takes the security of a WEB server to a level where ADMINISTRATORS have ABSOLUTE control over which IIS 7.0 components install allowing them to MINIMIZE Web server attack surface. The integrated processing allows form-based authentication to protect all types of content. The built-in request filtering and support for rules-based URL authorization offers additional layers of security.

IIS 7.0 takes the security of a Web server to a level where administrators have absolute control over which IIS 7.0 components install allowing them to minimize Web server attack surface. The integrated processing allows form-based authentication to protect all types of content. The built-in request filtering and support for rules-based URL authorization offers additional layers of security.

The following tools are USED for TROUBLESHOOTING DHCP servers:

•  DHCP console.
•  Event VIEWER.
•  NETWORK Monitor.
•  System Monitor counters.

The following tools are used for troubleshooting DHCP servers:

The DIFFERENT types of DHCPv6 MESSAGES are as follows:

•  Solicit.
•  Advertise.
•  REQUEST.
•  Confirm.
•  RENEW .
• Rebind.
•  Reply.
•  Release.
•  Decline.
•  Reconfigure.
•  Information-Request.
•  Relay-Forward.
•  Relay-Reply.

The different types of DHCPv6 messages are as follows:

STATEFUL ADDRESS Autoconfiguration is used to CONFIGURE non- link-local ADDRESSES by using DHCP.

Stateful Address Autoconfiguration is used to configure non- link-local addresses by using DHCP.