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1. To quit a application, click the close button in the upper right comer of the application window.

2. Click File → Exit

3. Click File → Close option

1. Click the start button and then point to all programs. The program menu appears. Point to the group that contains the application you want to start and then click the application name.

2. Click Run on the start menu and type the name of the application and click ok.

Windows 10 was developed in 2015.

(a) Quick Launch Tool bar

Run enables alternate method of opening an application.

Window is the name given to the rectangular area in an application or a document.

(d) winkey + D

(c) Application window

(a) Solid State Devices

(a) Work space

There are 3 types of Icons

Mouse is used to interact with windows by clicking icons

(c) organize

Shortcut Icons:

Shortcut icons can be created for any application or file or folder. By double clicking the icon, the related application or file or folder will open. This represents the shortcut to open a particular application.

Disk drive icons:

The disk drive icons graphically represent five disk drive options.

1. Hard disk.

2. CD – ROM/DVD Drive.

3. Pen drive.

4. Other removable storage such as mobile, smart phone, tablet etc.

5. Network drives if your system is connected with other system.

(b) Virtual box

Hardware settings is used in Display 

(b) top right

(d) double headed arrow

The user interface should reduce number of errors committed by the user with little practice the user should be in a position to avoid errors (Error Log File).

A process is the unit of work (program) in a computer. A word-processing program being run by an individual user on a computer is a process.

A system task, such as sending output to a printer or screen, can also be called as a Process.

FAT – File Allocation Table. 

NTFS – NeXT generation File System.

The main use of Operating System is – 

1. To ensure that a computer can be used do to exact if what the user wants it do. 

2. Easy interaction between the users and computers.

3. Starting computer operation automatically when power is turned on (Booting). 

4. Controlling Input and Output Devices. 

5. Manage the utilization of main memory. 

6. Providing security to user programs.

Multiple applications which can be executed simultaneously in Windows is known as Multitasking.

1. Single user operating system 

2. Multi-user operating system 

3. Multi processing operating system 

4. Time sharing operating system 

5. Real time operating system 

6. Distributed operating system 

7. Interactive operating system.

The following algorithms are mainly used to allocate the job (process) to the processor.

1. FIFO 

2. SJF 

3. Round Robin 

4. Based on Priority. 

1. FIFO (First In First Out) Scheduling: 

This algorithm is based on queuing technique. Assume that a student is standing in a queue (Row) to get grade sheet from his/her teacher. The other student who stands first in the queue gets his/her grade sheet first and leaves from the queue (Row). Followed by the next student in the-queue gets it corrected and so on. 

This is the basic logic of the FIFO algorithm. Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on. The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row).

2. SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling: 

This algorithm works based on the size of the job being executed by the CPU. Consider two jobs A and B. 

(a) A = 6 kilo bytes 

(b) B = 9 kilo bytes 

First the job “A” will be assigned and then job “B” gets its turn.

3. Round Robin Scheduling: 

The Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. Jobs (processes) are assigned and processor time in a circular method. For example take three jobs A, B, C. First the job A is assigned to CPU then job B and job C and then again A, B and C and so on.

4. Based On Priority: 

The given job (process) is assigned based on a Priority. The/job which has higher priority is more important than other jobs. Take two jobs A and B. Let the priority of A be 5 and priority B be 7. Job B is assigned to the processor before job A.

(c) Libre Office

(a) Word pad

alt + V is not a method of pasting the contents.

1. Fedora

2. Ubuntu

3. BOSS

4. RedHat

5. Linux Mint.

(d) Hibernat

(d) VBox_GAs_5.2.2

Cut:

• The file is moved to the destination location.
• Edit → cut,Edit → paste is used for cut.
• Ctrl + X, Ctrl + V is used.
• Right click ? cut, Right click ? paste is used.

Copy:

• File will be present in both source destination places.
• Edit → copy, Edit → paste is used for copy.
• Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V is used.
• Right click → copy, Right click → paste is used.

BSD OS is not based on Linux.

Application Window:

• It is the larger window.
• This window helps the user to communicate with the application program.

Document Window:

• It is the smaller window and appears inside the Application Windows. 
• This window is used for typing, editing, drawing and formatting the text and graphics.

Correct answer is (d) MS-Dos

Correct answer is (a) 1991

Windows: 

1. Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating system.

2. It is a user interface. 

3. Windows can only be modified by the company that owns it. 

Linux: 

1. Linux is a family of open-source operating system. 

2. It is a command line access. 

3. It can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world.

Correct answer is (d) iOS

Process management is function that includes creating and deleting processes and providing mechanisms for processes to communicate and synchronize with each other.
A process is the unit of work (program) in a computer. A word-processing program being run by an individual user on a computer is a process. A system task, such as sending output to a printer or screen, can also be called as a Process.

A computer consists of a collection of processes, they are classified as two categories:

1. Operating System processes which is executed by system code
2. User Processes which is execute by user code

All these processes can potentially execute concurrently on a single CPU.

A process needs certain resources including CPU time, memory, files and I/O devices to finish its task.

The Operating System is responsible for the following activities associated with the process management:

1. Scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs
2. Creating and deleting both user and system processes
3. Suspending and resuming processes
4. Providing mechanisms for process synchronization
5. Providing mechanisms for process communication.

User interface is one of the significant feature in Operating System. The only way that user can make interaction with a computer. If the computer interface is not user-friendly, the user slowly reduces the computer usage from their normal life. This is a main reason for key success of GUI (Graphical User Interface) based Operating System. The GUI is a window based system with a pointing device to direct I/O, choose from menus, make selections and a keyboard to enter text.Its vibrant colours attract the user very easily. Beginners are impressed by the help and pop up window message boxes. Icons are playing vital role of the particular application.

Now Linux distribution is also available as GUI based Operating System. 

The following points are considered when User Interface is designed for an application.

1. The user interface should enable the user to retain this expertise for a longer time.
2. The user interface should also satisfy the customer based on their needs.
3. The user interface should save user’s precious time. Create graphical elements like Menus,Window,Tabs, Icons and reduce typing work will be an added advantage of the Operating System.
4. The ultimate aim of any product is to satisfy the customer. The User Interface is also to satisfy the customer.
5. The user interface should reduce number of errors committed by the user with little practice the user should be in a position to avoid errors (Error Log File).

A software is set of instructions that perform specific task. It interacts basically with the hardware to generate the desired output.

Types of Software:

Software is classified into two types:

(i) Application Software

(ii) System Software.

Application software is a set of programs to perform specific task. 

For example MS-word is an application software to create text document and VLC player is familiar application software to play audio, video files and many more. System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run the computer’s hardware and application programs. 

For example Operating System and Language Processor.

The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the user end. 

They are

1. File access level 

2. System level 

3. Network level

(i) In order to access the files created by other people, you should have the access permission. Permissions can either be granted by the creator of the file or bythe administrator of the system.

(ii) System level security is offered by the password in a multi-user environment.
Both windows and Linux offer the password facility.

(iii) Network security is an indefinable one. So people from all over the world try to provide such a security.

(c) distributed

Correct answer is (a) System level

This is a one of the features of Operating Systems. It allows execution of multiple tasks or processes concurrently. For each task a fixed time is allocated. This division of time is called Time- sharing. The processor switches rapidly between various processes after a time is elapsed or the process is completed.

For example assume that there are three processes called PI, P2, P3 and time allocated for each process 30, 40, 50 minutes respectively. If the process PI completes within 20 minutes then processor takes the next process P2 for the execution. If the process P2 could not complete within 40 minutes, then the current process P2 will be paused and switch over to the next process P3.

File management is an important function of OS which handles the data storage techniques. The operating System manages the files, folders and directory systems on a computer. Any type of data in a computer is stored in the form of files and directories/folders through File Allocation Table (FAT). The FAT stores general information about files like filename, type (text or binary), size, starting address and access mode (sequential/indexed/indexedsequential/direct/relative).

The file manager of the operating system helps to create, edit, copy, allocate memory to the files and also updates the FAT. The OS also takes care of the files that are opened with proper access rights to read or edit them. There are few other file management techniques available like Next Generation File System (NTFS) and ext2 (Linux).

The Operating System is responsible for the following activities associated with the process management: 

1. Scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs. 

2. Creating and deleting both user and system processes. 

3. Suspending and resuming processes.

4. Providing mechanisms for process synchronization. 

5. Providing mechanisms for process communication.

(d) Complier Environment

The Operating System is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:

1. Keeping track of which portion of memory are currently being used and who is using them.
2. Determining which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move in and out of memory.
3. Allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks as needed by the program in main memory. (Garbage Collection)