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InterviewSolution
This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Percentage of individuals of a given age group in a given population is called asA. age distributionB. age densityC. age graphD. age curve |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Age distribution is percentage of individuals of a given age or age group. A population at any given time is composed of individuals of different ages. If age distribution is plotted for the population, the resulting structure is called as age pyramid. |
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| 2. |
What does the shape of the given age pyramids (A to C) reflect about the growth status of populations ? A. `{:(A,B,C,D),("Declining","Stable","Expanding"):}`B. `{:(A,B,C,D),("Stable","Expanding","Declining"):}`C. `{:(A,B,C,D),("Expading","Stable","Declining"):}`D. `{:(A,B,C,D),("Declining","Expanding","Stable"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 3. |
An association of individuals of different species living in the same habitat and having functional interactions is :A. ecological nicheB. biotic communityC. ecosystemD. population |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B An association of individuals of different species living in the same habitat and having functional interaction is called biotic community (biocoenosis). The biotic community is dominated by one of the character. It determines the nature of community. It can be biotic or abiotic. |
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| 4. |
If the age distribution is plotted for a population, the resulting structure is called asA. age graphB. age curveC. age pyramidD. age diagram |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 5. |
If most individuals in a population are young, why is the population likely to grow rapidly in the further ?A. Many individuals will begin to reproduce soonB. Death rates will be slowC. Immigration and emigration can be ignoredD. All of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 6. |
A population in which number of pre-reproductive individuals is very large, number of reproductive individuals is moderate while post-reproductive individuals are fewer. Which kind of age pyramid is represented by such a population ?A. B. C. D. Cannot be determined |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 7. |
For which of the following cases, population density can be easily determined by utilising non-biological parameter ?A. Fish densityB. Density of bacteria in culture plateC. siberian of cranes at Bharatpur wetlandsD. Tiger census |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 8. |
Salt concentration (salinity) of the sea measured in parts per thousand isA. `10 - 5`B. `30 - 70`C. `0-5`D. `30 - 35` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Salinity of water bodies is generally measured in parts per thousand. It determines what kind of organisms can live in it. Salinity of the sea is 30-35 parts per thousand, while for inland waters, and some lagoons is less than 5 and more than 100, respectively. Fresh water animals generally cannot live for long in sea water and vice versa because of osmotic problems. |
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| 9. |
Population ecology is an important area because it `ul((i))` ecology to population genetics and `ul((ii))`. Identify (i) and (ii) in the above statement and select the correct option.A. `{:((i),(ii).),("distinguished","evolution"):}`B. `{:((i),(ii).),("distinguished","biogenesis"):}`C. `{:((i),(ii).),("links","evolution"):}`D. `{:((i),(ii).),("links","biogenesis"):}` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - C | |
| 10. |
The age structures of a population influences population growth becauseA. younger females have more offsprings than do older femalesB. different ae groups have different reproductive capabilitiesC. more is the number of immature individuals, slower is the growth of populationD. a shorter generation time results is slower population growth. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Different age groups have different reproductive capabilities. Pre-reproductive individuals are the young individuals which will enter the reproductive age after some time. They are the potential source of increas in population. Reproductive individuals are the ones which are actually adding neq members to the population. Post-reproductive individuals are older individuals which no longer take part in reproduction. |
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| 11. |
Total number of individuals of a species per unti area and per unit time is calledA. population sizeB. population densityC. demographyD. population dynamics |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Population density is the number of individuals present per unti area or volume at a given time. If the total number of individuals is represented by letter N and the number of units of space (area for land organisms and volume for water organisms) by letter S, then the population density D can be represented as `D = N//S`. For instance, number of animals per square kilometre, number of trees per acre in a forest, etc. |
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| 12. |
In some cases, population density is measured in terms of biomass rather than in terms of number becauseA. it is a more meaningful measure when the considered organisms vary greately in sizeB. it is more convenient when population is huge and counting is impossible or very time consumingC. it is a relatively constatn measureD. both (a) and (b) |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Although the total number is most appropriate measure of population density, but in some cases it is difficult to determine. In a forest area, suppose there are 200 Parthenium plants but only a single huge banyan tree with a large canopy. Stating that the population density of banyan is low relative to that of Parthenium, amounts to underestimating the great role of the banyan in that forest community. In such cases, the percent cover or biomass is a more meaningful measure of the population size. if the population is huge and counting is impossible or very time-consuming, the total number is not easily measured. e.g., for a dense laboratory culture of bacteria in a petri dish, only the biomass can be used as a measure of its density. |
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| 13. |
Read the following statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 : Plants need the help of insects and animals for pollinating their flowers and dispersing their seeds. Statement 2: Plants offer rewards in the form of pollen and nectar for pollinators and juicy and nutritious fruits for seed dispersers.A. Both statements 1 and 2 are correctB. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrectC. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correctD. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Plants themselves canot move from one place to another. Hence, they require help of insects to transfer pollen. In turn, they offer nectar and juicy fruits to the insects. |
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| 14. |
The interdependent evolution of flowering plants and pollinating insects together is known asA. mutualismB. co-evolutionC. commensalismD. co-operation. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B The evolution of complementary adaptations in two species caused by the selection pressure that each exerts on the other is called co-evolution. It is common in symbiotic associations e.g., many insect-pollinated plants have evolved flowers whose shapes, coloures, etc., make them attractive to particular insects, at the same tim the pollinating insects have evolved sense organs and mouth parts specialised for quickly locating and extracting nectar from particular species of plants. |
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| 15. |
Assertion : Plant-animal interactions do not generaly involve co-evolution of the mutualist organisms. Reason : Evolution of the plants and animals can never go side by side. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists, that is, the evolution of the flower and its pollinator species are closely linked with one another. This is because plants need the help of animals for pollinating their flowers and dispersing their seeds. Animals get rewards in the form of pollen and nectar for pollinators and juicy and nutritious fruits for seed dispersal. |
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| 16. |
Temperature is considered as the most ecologically relevant environmental factor because it affects or organisms.A. physiologyB. morphologyC. geographical distributionD. all of these |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Temperature is the most relevant environmental factor. The average temperature varies seasonally. The physiological functions, morphology and the geographical distribution of many plants and animals is governed by temperature. |
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| 17. |
Temperature changes in the environment affect most of the animals which areA. homeothermicB. aquaticC. poikilothermicD. desert living |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Poikilothermy (cold bloodedness) is a condition of any animal whose body temperature fluctuates considerably with that of its environment. Homeothermy, on the other hand, is the quality of maintaining a constant body temperature. |
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| 18. |
An interaction between two individuals where one is benefitted while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is called asA. predationB. symbiosisC. amensalismD. Commensalism |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 19. |
In a population per capita birth rate is `0.15` and per capita death rate is `0.08` during a unit time period. What is the value of r (intrinsic rate of natural increases) for the given population ?A. `0.23`B. `0.07`C. `0.05`D. `0.25` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Intrinsic rate of natural increase `(r)` = Birth rate - death rate `= 0.15 - 0.08 = 0.07` |
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| 20. |
To determine the effect of intra-specific competition on the growth of saplings of Eucalyptus dives, an experiment was designed in which two sets of pots were used. In the first set only 1 sapling was planted per pot. To check for the effect of intra-specific competition on allocation to each set. the results have been graphically indicated below. Which of the following conclusions can be best drawn from the study ? A. More resources are allocated to the root during low water conditions.B. Competition for water among individuals of a population caues more root growth as compared to individuals who are growing alone.C. Lesser leaves are formed under low water conditionsD. Root growth is higher in individuals grown singly as compared to individuals in populations. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Competition is a sort of rivalry among two or more organisms for obtaining the same resources. The competition among individuals of the same species is called intraspecific competition and among members of different species is called interspecific competition. Intraspecific competition is more severe than interspecific competition due to similar needs. Now, according to the given graph, competition for water in a population leads to more root weight (mg) per leaf area `(cm^(2))`. This is because competition causes more root growth so that each sapling can derive more water from the pot. |
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| 21. |
Autecology is theA. relation of hetergenous population to its environmentB. relation of an individual to its environmentC. relation of a community to its environmentD. relation of a biome to its environment. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A::B Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and between the organisms and their biotic and abiotic enviroment. The study of reciprocal relationships between every stage of development of a population/species/ individual and its environment is called autecology. Synecology is the study of reciprocal relationships between composition, is the study of reciprocal relationship between composition, organisation and development of communities and their environment. |
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| 22. |
Assertion : The community of an ecotone commonly contains the organisms of each of the overlapping communities and in addition the organisms which are restricted to the ecotone. Reason : The tendency for increased variety and density at community junctions is known as the edge effect. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B An ecotone is a transition zone between two or more diverse communities as, for example, between forest and grassland. It is a junction zone which may have considerable linear extent but is narrower than the adjoining community areas themselves. The ecotonal community commonly contains many of the organisms of each of the overlapping communities and in addition, organisms which are characteristic of and often restricted to the ecotone. Often, both the number of species and the population density of some of the species are greater in the ecotone than in the communities flanking it. The tendency for increased variety and density at community junctions is known as the edge effect. |
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| 23. |
Ecotone isA. a polluted areaB. the botton of a lakeC. a zone of transition between two communitiesD. a zone of developing community. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C The adjacent biotic communities do not always have sharp lines of demarcation between them. There are usually transition zones, the ecotones, between them an ecotone often has some populations from each adjacent community and some characteristic of itself. The total number of species in ecotone is generally greater than in the adjoining communitites, a phenomenon called edge effect. |
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| 24. |
Biosphere isA. a component in the ecosystemB. composed of the plants present in the soilC. life in the outer spaceD. composed of all living organisms present on earth which interact with the physical environment. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Biosphere (also called as ecosphere) is the largest unit in ecological hierarchy and includes all the ecosystems of the world i.e., all organisms interacting with their physical environment. `{:(,"Abiotic components"),("Orgaism" rarr"Population" rarr,overset(darr)"Biotic community"),(rarr"Ecosystem"rarr"Biosphere",):}` |
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| 25. |
Assertion : The rate at which a population can be expected to grow in the future can be assessed graphically by means ofa population pyrmid. Reason : A triangular population pyramid is characteristics of a country whose population is stable, neither growing nor shrinking. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C The rate at which a population can be expected to grow in the future can be assessed graphically by means of a population pyramid-a bar graph displaying the number of people in each age category. Males are conventionally shown to the left of the vertical age axis and females to the right. A human population pyramid thus displays the age composition of a population by sex. In general, rectangular pyramids are characteristic of countries whose populations are stable, their numbers neither growing nor shrinking. A traingular pyramid is characteristic of a countrty that will exhibit rapid future growth, as most of its population has not yet entered the child-bearing years. Inverted traingles are characteristic of populations that are shrinking. |
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| 26. |
Mycorrhizae are the example ofA. fungistasisB. amensalismC. antibiosisD. mutualism |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Mutualism is an association of two species in, which both species are benefitted. Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between fungal hyphae and roots of higher plants. The fungus helps in mineral nutrition absorption for the plants with, which they are associated and obtained in turn, nutrients from plants. Concept Enhancer Amensalism is an interaction between different species, in which one species is harmed and other is neither benefitted nor harmed, e.g. Penicilliu. Antibiosis It is an antagonistic association between two or more organism, in which one is adversely affected, e.g. antibiosis includes the relationship between antibiotic and bacteria. Fungistasis inhibits the growth of fungi. |
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| 27. |
Assertion : Mycorrhizae represent a mutually beneficial interspecific interaction of fungi with roots of higher plants. Reason : In a mutualistic relationship, both the organisms enter into some sort of physiological exchange. |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Mycorrhizae refer to the symboitic association of fungal hyphae with the roots of higher plants. In this association, the two symbionts are in close contact and are physiologically interdependent on each other. Mycorrhizae increase the ability of the plant to extract minerals from the soil. In return, fungi are provided with shelter and products of photosynthesis by the plant. Plants having such associations show other benefits also, such as resistance to root-borne pathogens, tolerance to salinity and drought and an overall increase in plant growth and development. |
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| 28. |
An animal that can survive at `10^(@)C` and `40^(@)C` both, can be placed under the category ofA. conformersB. regulatorsC. migratory organismsD. modifiers |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Animal that can survive at `10^(@)C - 40^(@)C` belong to category of regulators. |
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| 29. |
Given graph represents the response of organisms to various abiotic factors. On this basis, select the correct option for (i), (ii) and(iii) A. `{:((i),(ii),(iii).),("Conformers","Regulators","Partial regulators"):}`B. `{:((i),(ii),(iii).),("Regulators","Partial regulators","Conformers"):}`C. `{:((i),(ii),(iii).),("Partial regulators","Regulators","Conformers"):}`D. `{:((i),(ii),(iii).),("Regulators","Conformers","Partial regulators"):}` |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A (i) Conformers - These are the animals and plants in which the osmotic concentratoon and temperature of body changes according to ambient conditions of external environment e.g., Asterias. (ii) Regulators- These are able to maintain a constant body temperature and constant osmotic concentration despite changes in the external environment e.g., birds and mammals. (iii) Partial regulators - They have the ability to regulate body functions to a limited extent beyond which they become conformers. |
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| 30. |
Organisms show migration in order to avoid unfavourable conditions ofA. temperatureB. food availabilityC. precipitationD. all of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 31. |
Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes. `{:(Column I, ColumnII),(A."Eurtythermal",(i)"Able to tolerate narrow range of temperature"),(B."Stenothermal",(ii)"A stage of suspended development"),(C."Conformers",(iii)"Body temperature changes with ambient temperature"),(D."Diapause",(iv)"Able to tolerate wide range of temperature"):}`A. `A-(iv),B-(i),C-(iii),D-(i)`B. `A-(iv),B-(i),C-(ii),D-(iii)`C. `A-(ii),B-(iv),C-(iii),D-(i)`D. `A-(i),B-(ii),C-(iii),D-(iv)` |
| Answer» Correct Answer - A | |
| 32. |
Read the following statemetns and select the incorrect ones. (i) Homeostasis constant osmotic concentration of cells. (ii) The famous keoladeo National Park (Bharapur) in Rajasthan hosts thousands of migratory birds coming from Siberia, in every winter. (iii) `99%` of animals and nearly all plants are regulators. (iv) The conformers are able to maintain their body temperature inspite of changes in ambient temperature.A. (i) and (ii)B. (ii) and (iii)C. (iii) and (iv)D. (i) and (iv) |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C About 99 percent of animals and nearly all plants do not have a mechanism to maintai a constant internal body environment. Their body temperature changes with the surrounding temperature. They are called conformers. |
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| 33. |
Read the following statements about adaptations in desert plants and select the correct ones. (i) They have a thick cuticle on their leaf surfaces. (ii) They have stomate present in deep sunken pits. (iii) They use CAM pathway for photosynthesis. (iv) They have flattened stems and large sized leaves. (v) Their stomata remain closed during the day.A. (i),(ii) and (iii)B. (ii),(iii) and (v)C. (i),(ii) and (iv)D. (i),(ii),(iii) and (v) |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Xerophytes can withstand a prolonged period of drought, for this purpose they have certain peculiar adaptations. Thick cuticle is present in these plants. Stomata are generally sunken (deep seated) and open during night only. They have CAM pathway for photosynthesis. Leaves are generally small and scaly. Sometimes leaves are modified into spined to reduce water loss through transpiration . They generally have an extensive root system and a smaller shoot system. Steams may be modified to phylloclades or cladodes to carry out the function of photosynthesis. |
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| 34. |
Which type of interaction is being shown in the giben figure ? A. ParasitismB. CommensalismC. PredationD. Amensalism |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Predation is an interaction between members of two species in which members of one species capture, kill and eat up members of other species. The former are called predators and the latter are called preys. |
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| 35. |
Deserts, rain-forest, tundra etc, are examples ofA. communityB. biomeC. ecosystemD. population |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B A biome is a large regional unit characterised by a major vegetation type and associated fauna found in a specific climatic zone. Some examples of terrestrial biomes are desert, temperate deciduous forest, tropical rain forest, tundra, etc. |
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| 36. |
In the given figurem identify the temperate forest and coniferous forest respectively from the markings `A-F` and select the correct option. A. A and BB. B and DC. D and ED. C and F |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Coniferous forests occurs just South of tundra across North America, Europe, Asia and are also found in Southern hemisphere. Precipitation in coniferous forests is 10-35 cm in drier parts and over `100 cm` in wetter parts. It occurs both as rain as well as snow. The average winter temperature does not exceed `6^(@)C`. Temperature forests are found in both Northern and Southern hemisphers. Their annual precipitation lies between `75 - 150 cm`. |
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| 37. |
Seasonal variations on Earth occur due to itsA. tilted axisB. rotation around its own axisC. revolution around sunD. both (a) and (c) |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D The revolution of our planet around the Sun and the tilt of its cause annual variations in the intensity and duration of temperatue, resulting in distinct seasons. These variations together with annual variation in precipitation account for the formation of major biomes such as desert, rain forest and tundra. |
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| 38. |
Read the given statements and select the correct option. Statement 1 : Cow in india and Kangaroo in Australlia (both herbivores) are ecological equivalents. Statement 2: The organisms having smallar niche in different geographical regions are known as ecological equivalents.A. Both Statements 1 and 2 are correctB. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrectC. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correctD. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Ecological equivalents are the organisms that occupy same niche in different habitats (or geographical areas) e.g. both owl and cat feed on shrews and mice, they occupy the same niche though their habitats are different. |
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| 39. |
Refer to the given flow chart. Identify `X` and select the correct option.A. CommunitiesB. BiospheresC. BiomesD. Species |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A A natural association of interdependet populations of different species inhabiting a common environment or habitat as a viable, self-contained unit is called a biotic community or biocoenosis. |
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| 40. |
Basic unit of ecological hierarchy isA. populationB. communityC. ecosystemD. individual |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D An organism (or an individual) is a living unit of nature and is the most basic unit of ecological hierarchy. |
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| 41. |
The relation between algae and fungi in a lichen isA. symbiosisB. Parasitism-Intra -specific relationshipC. commensalismD. protocooperation |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A The relation between algae and fungi in a lichen is symbiosis. In lichen fungi is for water intake and algae is photosynthetic and prepares food. |
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| 42. |
Annual migration does not occur in the case ofA. salmonB. siberian craneC. salamanderD. arctic fern |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Salamander is semiterrestrial lizard-like tailed amphibian that lives under stones, logs and inside cervices. They show hibernation not annual migration. Salmon are anadromous, i.e. they spend their adult lives at sea but return to freshwater to spawn. The pacific species is legandry : after migrating down stream as a smolt a sockeye salmon ranges many hundreds of mile over the pacific for nearly four year and then returns to spawn in the head waters of its parent stream. Migration is characteristic feature of birds. Arctic tern travels about 1100 miles during winter and returns back during summer. |
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| 43. |
A species restricted to a given area isA. siblingB. endemicC. sympatricD. allopatric |
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Answer» Correct Answer - B Species restricted to small areas are called endemic, approximately 29% of dicots in the Himalayas are endemic. |
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| 44. |
If `A,B,C,D, G,P,Q,R` and S represent different speciesm then which of the following figures symbolies a biome ?A. B. C. D. None of these |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Figure in option (a) represents interactions between individuals of a single population (of species A). Figure in option (b) represents interactions between individuals of 3 species (A,B and C) in a community. Figure in option (c) represents interactions within a biome having 3 communities at different stages of development. |
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| 45. |
Which of the following is not true for a species ?A. Members of a species can interbreedB. Variations occur among members of a speciesC. Each species is reproductively isolated from every other speciesD. Gene flow does not occur between the populations of a species |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Option (d) is not true for species because gene flow means the spread of genes through populations as affected by movements of individual and their propagules, e.g. spores, seeds etc. Gene flow ensures that all populations of a given species share a common gene pool, i.e. it reduces difference between populations. The interruption of gene flow between populations is a pre requisite for the formation of new species. |
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| 46. |
Characteristics of a terrestrial biome are strongly influence by itsA. floraB. climateC. faunaD. all of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 47. |
Which of the following statements is incorrect ?A. Average temperature decrease progressively from plains to the mountain tops.B. Average temperature decrease progressively from the equator towards the polesC. Temperature afects the kinetics of enzymes and through it the basal metabolism of organismsD. None of these |
| Answer» Correct Answer - D | |
| 48. |
Animals have the innate ability to escape from predation Examples for the same are given below. Select the incorrect exampleA. enlargement of body size by swallowing air in puffer fishB. melanism in mothsC. poison fangs in snakesD. colour change in Chamaeleon |
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Answer» Correct Answer - C Animals resist predation by cryptic colouration, deceptive marking, behavioural defenses and the possession of mechanical or chemical defenses. Example Enalrgement of body size by swallowing air in puffer fish. Melanism in moths. Colour change in Chamaeleon. |
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| 49. |
Which of the following statements is incorrect ?A. Osmoconformers are able to maintain osmotic concentration of their cells by either physiological or behavioural means.B. Most vertebrates, except the birds and mammnals are unable to thermoregulate.C. Success of mammals is mainly due to their ability to thermoregulate and live comfortably whether they are in Antarctica or in Sahara desert.D. None of these |
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Answer» Correct Answer - A Osmoconformers are the organisms that change the osmotic concentration of their body with the change in ambient conditions. Their body fluids are in osmotic balance with the environment. For many marine invertebrates the osmolarity and ionic concentrations of their body fluids are similar to those of the sea water in which they live. |
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| 50. |
Adaptation may beA. behaviouralB. morphologicalC. physiologicalD. all of these |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Adaptation is a quality of the organism (morphogical, physiological, behavioural) that enables it to survive and reproduce in its habitat. Adaptations allow organisms to live in different types of habitats. They develop due to natural selection of suitable variations appearing in living beings through mutations and recombinations. |
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