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101.

Mention 3 Reliable Methods Of Sterilization?

Answer»
  • AUTOCLAVING, hot air oven, gamma-radiation, FILTRATION (fluids), gas sterilization (not acceptable: boiling, pasteurization, UV!)
  • SPECIFY an exact set of parameters (TEMPERATURE and time) necessary for effective sterilization by autoclaving!
  • 121 °C for 20 min. (at 1 bar overpressure)
  • Specify an exact set of parameters (temperature and time) necessary for effective sterilization using a hot air oven (with circulation)!
  • 160 °C for 60 min. (dry heat)
Discussion
102.

What Does Sterilisation Mean?

Answer»

Sterilisation means the killing or REMOVAL of all microorganisms (INCLUDING BACTERIAL SPORES).

Sterilisation means the killing or removal of all microorganisms (including bacterial spores).
Discussion
103.

Describe The Definition For Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria?

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They are ABLE to replicate both in the presence and in the absence of OXYGEN. In aerobic conditions, they perform respiration, in anaerobic CONDITION, they perform FERMENTATION.

They are able to replicate both in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. In aerobic conditions, they perform respiration, in anaerobic condition, they perform fermentation.
Discussion
104.

Describe The Definition For Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria?

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They are able to REPLICATE only in the ABSENCE of OXYGEN (under anaerobic conditions).

Some of them are quickly killed by oxygen, some are able to SURVIVE but do not GROW while oxygen is present.

They are able to replicate only in the absence of oxygen (under anaerobic conditions).

Some of them are quickly killed by oxygen, some are able to survive but do not grow while oxygen is present.
Discussion
105.

What Role Is Attributed To The Bacterial Capsule In The Infectious Process?

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ANTIPHAGOCYTIC EFFECT, ADHESION

Antiphagocytic effect, adhesion
Discussion
106.

Which Part Of The Bacterial Cell Carries The Endotoxin?

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OUTER MEMBRANE of GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria
Discussion
107.

What Are The Essential Components Of Bacterial Cells? Specify At Least 3?

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CYTOPLASM, nucleoid (GENOME), cell membrane, (cell wall)

Cytoplasm, nucleoid (genome), cell membrane, (cell wall)
Discussion
108.

List The Possible Shapes Of Bacteria. Write One Example For Each Category?

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Discussion
109.

Describe The 3 Important Parts Of The Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide?

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LIPID A + CORE POLYSACCHARIDE + O-specific (polysaccharide) SIDE CHAIN

Lipid A + core polysaccharide + O-specific (polysaccharide) side chain
Discussion
110.

Describe The Colour (in A Gram Stained Smear) Of Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria, Respectively?

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Discussion