Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

To FIND the last CHARACTER of a PHP string, use the substr() function in the following way:

substr("best INTERVIEW QUESTION", -1);

OUTPUT:
n

Here is a list of the most commonly used PHP STRING FUNCTIONS while programming:

• substr() function: This function is used in PHP to give you ACCESS to a substring having a specific start and endpoints within the string.
  Syntax:
  string substr(string string, int start[, int length] );
• strlen() function: This function is used in PHP to check the character length of a string.
  Syntax:
  echo strlen(“string”)
• str_replace() function: This function is used in PHP as a find and replace function within any string.
  Syntax: str_replace ( mixed $search , mixed $replace , mixed $subject [, int &$count ] ) : mixed
• trim() function: This function is used in PHP to trim all the whitespace from the starting point to the endpoint in any
  string.
  Syntax: trim ( string $str [, string $character_mask = " \t\n\r\0\x0B" ] ) : string
• strpos() function: This function is used in PHP to find the first occurrence of a substring within a string.
  Syntax: strpos ( string $haystack , mixed $needle [, int $offset = 0 ] ) : int
  In the above syntax, it actually COMMANDS PHP to find the first occurrence of the substring needle in the string haystack.
• strtolower() function: This function is used in PHP to convert all the characters in a string to lowercase.
  Syntax: strtolower ( string $string ) : string
• strtoupper() function: Well, obviously this function is used to convert all the characters in a string to the upper case.
  Syntax: strtoupper ( string $string ) : string

In the above COMMAND, it returns with part of the haystack string starting from the point of the needle to the end of the haystack.

In PHP, the str_repeat() function, which is INBUILT is used to REPEAT a string for a specific number of times. This str_repeat() function creates new strings by repeating the GIVEN string ‘n’ number of times as specified.

Here is the syntax of the str_repeat() function: str_repeat(string, repeat)

Here is an example demonstrating the same:
echo str_repeat("BIQ ", 2);

BIQ BIQ

The count() FUNCTION is assuming that the INDEXES of your array GO in order; by WAY of the usage of stop and PREV to go the array pointer, you get the genuine values. Try the use of the count() method on the array above and it will fail.

$array = array(5,6,70,10,36,2);
echo $array[count($array) -2];

// OUTPUT : 36

To print all the values inside an array in PHP, use the for each loop.

$colors = array("RED", "Green", "BLUE", "Yellow", "ORANGE");

// Loop through colors array foreach($colors as $value){ ECHO $value . "
"; }

Red
Green
Blue
Yellow
Orange

The array_keys() FUNCTION is used in PHP to RETURN with an ARRAY containing keys.
Here is the syntax for the array_keys() function: array_keys(array, value, strict)

$a=array("VOLVO"=>"AAAAAAAA","BMW"=>"BBBBBBB","Toyota"=>"CCCCCC");
print_r(array_keys($a));

Array ( [0] => Volvo [1] => BMW [2] => Toyota )

To select the common data from two arrays in PHP, you need to use the array_intersect() function. It compares the value of two given arrays, MATCHES them and RETURNS with the common values. Here’s an example:

$a1=ARRAY("a"=>"red","b"=>"green","c"=>"BLUE","d"=>"YELLOW");
$a2=array("e"=>"red","f"=>"black","g"=>"purple");
$a3=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"black","h"=>"yellow");

$result=array_intersect($a1,$a2,$a3); print_r($result);

Array ( [a] => red )

$array = array('1' => 'best', '2' => 'interview', '3' => 'question')
$array[3] = $array[5];
unset($array[3]);

// OUTPUT
array('1' => 'best', '2' => 'interview', '5' => 'question')

In PHP, pushing a VALUE inside an ARRAY automatically creates a numeric key for itself. When you are adding a value-key pair, you actually already have the key, so, pushing a key again does not make sense. You only NEED to set the value of the key inside the array. Here’s an example to correctly PUSH a [air pf value and key inside an array:

$data = array(
   "name" => "Best Interview Questions"
);

array_push($data['name'], 'Best Interview Questions');

Now, here to push “cat” as a key with “wagon” as the value inside the array $data, you need to do this:

$data['name']='Best Interview Questions';

In PHP, if you want to ACCESS a single VALUE from an array, be it a numeric, indexed, multidimensional or associative array, you NEED to use the array index or key.
Here’s an example using a multidimensional array:

$superheroes = array(
array(
"name" => "Name",
"character" => "BestInterviewQuestion",
),
array(
"name" => "CLASS",
"character" => "MCA",
),
array(
"name" => "ROLL",
"character" => "32",
)
);
ECHO $superheroes[1]["name"];

CLASS

Associative arrays are used to store key and VALUE pairs. For example, to SAVE the marks of the unique subjects of a SCHOLAR in an array, a numerically listed array would no longer be a nice choice.

/* Method 1 */
$student = array("key1"=>95, "key2"=>90, "key3"=>93);

/* Method 2 */
$student["key1"] = 95;
$student["key2"] = 90;
$student["key3"] = 93

In PHP arrays, the array_key_exists() FUNCTION is used when the USER wants to check if a specific key is present INSIDE an array. If the function returns with a TRUE VALUE, it is present.

Here’s its syntax: array_key_exists(array_key, array_name)

Also, here is an example of how it works

$array1 = array("Orange" => 100, "Apple" => 200, "Grapes" => 300, "Cherry" => 400);
if (array_key_exists("Grapes",$array1))
{
echo "Key exists";
}
else
{
echo "Key does not exist";
}

key exists

$arrayFirst = array("Topics" => "Maths","SCIENCE", "Computers");
$arraySecond = array("Class-V", "Class-VI", "Section"=>"C");
$resultArray = array_merge($arrayFirst, $arraySecond);
print_r($resultArray);

Array ( [Topics] => Maths [0] => Science [1] => Computers [2] => Class-V [3] => Class-VI [Section] => C )

$a1=array("a"=>"Best", "b"=>"Interview");
$a2=array("z"=>"Question");
print_r(array_merge_recursive($a1, $a2));

: Array
(
[a] => Best
[b] => Interview
[z] => Question
)

array_key_exists() : It is used to checks an ARRAY for a particular key and returns TRUE if the key exists and FALSE if the key does not exist.

array_keys() : This FUNCTION returns an array containing the keys. It TAKES three parameters out of which one is mandatory and other two are optional.
Syntax : array_keys(array,value,strict)

We can check a variable with the help of is_array() FUNCTION in PHP. It's return true if variable is an ARRAY and return FALSE otherwise.

$var = array('X','Y','Z');
if (is_array($var))
echo 'It is an array.';
else
echo 'It is not an array.';

Both are used to count elements in a array.sizeof() function is an alias of count() function used in PHP. count() function is FASTER and BUTTER than sizeof().

$array = array('1','2','3','4');
$size = count($array);

//OUTPUT : 4

We can use the PHP array_unique() FUNCTION to remove the duplicate vlaues form an array.

$array = array("a"=>"best","b"=>"interviewquestion","c"=>"best");
print_r(array_unique($array));

// OUTPUT : Array ( [a] => best [b] => interviewquestion)

For this we can use array_reverse() function.

$array = array("1"=>"BEST","2"=>"Interview","3"=>"Question");
print_r(array_reverse($array));

// OUTPUT Array ( [3] => Question [2] => Interview[1] => Best)

array_search() is a inbuilt FUNCTION of PHP which is used to search a PARTICULAR value in an array and if the value is FOUND then it returns its corresponding its key.

$array = array("1"=>"My", "2"=>"Name", "3"=>"is", "4"=>"BestInterviewQuestion");
ECHO array_search("BestInterviewQuestion",$array);

// OUTPUT 4

PHP EXPLODE() function is USED to BREAK a string into an array.

$string = "My Name Is BestInterviewQuestion";
print_r (explode(" ",$string));

// OUTPUT : Array ( [0] => My [1] => Name [2] => Is [3] => BestInterviewQuestion )

PHP implode() function is used join ARRAY elements with a string.In other words we can say it returns a string from the elements of an array.Example

$array = array('My','NAME','Is','BestInterViewQuestion');
echo implode(" ",$array)

// OUTPUT : My Name Is BestInterViewQuestion

is_array() : It is an inbuilt function USED in PHP. It is used to CHECK WHETHER a variable is an array or not.

in_array() : It is used to check whether a given value exists in an array or not. It returns TRUE if the value is exists in array, and returns FALSE otherwise.

You can either use the PHP var_dump() or print_r() FUNCTION to check the structure and VALUES of an ARRAY. The var_dump() method gives more information than print_r().

$LISTS = array("BEST", "Interview", "Questions");
// Print the array
print_r($lists);
var_dump($lists);

$name_two["i am"] = "zara";
$name_two["anthony is"] = "Hello";
$name_two["ram is"] = "Ananya";
echo "Accessing elements directly:\n";

echo $name_two["i am"], "\n";
echo $name_two["anthony is"], "\n";
echo $name_one["Ram is"], "\n";

Accessing elements directly:
zara
Hello
Ananya

$name_two[1] = "SONU Singh";
echo "Accessing the array elements directly:\n";
echo $name_two[1], "\n";

Sonu Singh

• SORT() - It is USED to sort an ARRAY in ASCENDING order
• rsort() - It is used to sort an array in descending order
• asort() - It is used to sort an associative array in ascending order, ACCORDING to the value
• ksort() - It is used to sort an associative array in ascending order, according to the key
• arsort() - It is used to sort an associative array in descending order, according to the value
• krsort() - It is used to sort an associative array in descending order, according to the key

$originalArray = array( 'RAM', 'SITA', 'luxman', 'hanuman', 'ravan' );
$newArray = array( 'kansh' );
array_splice( $originalArray, 3, 0, $newArray);
// OUTPUT is ram sita luxman hanuman kansh ravan

To check key in the array, we can use array_key_exists().

$item=array("NAME"=>"UMESH","CLASS"=>"mca");
if (array_key_exists("name",$item))
{
   echo "Key is exists";
}
ELSE
{
   echo "Key does not exist!";
}

We can use the count() or sizeof() function to GET the number of ELEMENTS in an ARRAY.

$array1 = array("1","4","3");
echo count($array1);

OUTPUT : 3

It is an inbuilt FUNCTION in PHP. It is one of the most simple functions that is used to count all the values inside an array. In other words we can SAY that it is used to CALCULATE the frequency of all of the elements of an array.

$array = array("B","Cat","Dog","B","Dog","Dog","Cat");
print_r(array_count_values($array));

// OUTPUT : Array ( [B] => 2 [Cat] => 2 [Dog] => 3 )

array_combine()

array_combine() : It is used to create a new ARRAY by using the KEY of one array as keys and using the value of another array as values. The most important thing is using array_combine() that, NUMBER of values in both arrays should be same.

$name = array("best","interview","question");
$index = array("1","2","3");
$result = array_combine($name,$index);

array_merge() : It merges one or more than one array such that the value of one array appended at the END of first array and if the arrays have same strings key then the later value OVERRIDES the previous value for that key .

$name = array("best","interview","question");
$index = array("1","2","3");
$result = array_merge($name,$index);

1. array_pop()

It is used to delete or remove the last element of an ARRAY.

$a=array("BLUE","black","skyblue");
array_pop($a);

OUTPUT : Array ( [0] => blue[1] => black)

It is used to Insert one or more ELEMENTS to the end of an array.

$a=array("apple","BANANA"); array_push($a,"mango","pineapple");

OUTPUT : Array ( [0] => apple[1] => banana[2] => mango[3] => pineapple)

PHP SUPPORTS THREE TYPES of arrays:-

• INDEXED Array
• Associative array
• Multi-dimensional Array

There are various methods in PHP to get the first ELEMENT of an array. Some of the techniques are the use of reset function, array_slice function, array_reverse, array_values, foreach loop, etc.

SUPPOSE we have an array like
$arrayVar = array('best', 'interview', 'question', 'com');

1. With direct accessing the 0th index:
echo $arrayVar[0];

2. With the help of reset()
echo reset($arrayVar);

3. With the help of foreach loop
foreach($arrayVar as $val) {
    echo $val;
    break; // exit from loop
}

The array_filter() method filters the VALUES of an array the USAGE of a callback function. This method passes each value of the input array to the callback function. If this callback function returns true then the CURRENT value from the input is returned into the result array.

array_filter(array, callbackfunction, flag)

• array(Required)
• callbackfunction(Optional)
• flag(Optional)

function test_odd_number(int $VAR)
{
   return($var & 1);
}
$array=array(1,3,2,3,4,5,6);
print_r(array_filter($array,"test_odd_number"));

You can cut out a ROUTE from CSRF VERIFICATION by using adding the route to $except property at VerifyCsrfToken middleware.

protected $except = [
     'admin/*/EDIT/*'
];

Laravel INCLUDES a number of global "HELPER" STRING and array functions. These are GIVEN below:-

• Arr::add()
• Arr::has()
• Arr::last()
• Arr::only()
• Arr::pluck()
• Arr::prepend() etc

• Str::after()
• Str::before()
• Str::camel()
• Str::CONTAINS()
• Str::endsWith()
• Str::containsAll() etc

To CHECK the email VALUE is sent or not in request, you can USE $request->has('email')

if($request->has('email')) {
     // email value is sent from request
} else {
    // email value not sent from request
}

You can use the FOLLOWING SYNTAX to CHECK ajax REQUEST in laravel.
if ($request->ajax()) {
     // Now you can write your CODE here.
}

USE Illuminate\Support\Facades\AUTH;

$userinfo = Auth::USER();

print_r($userinfo );

It is the REVERSE of fillable. When a GUARDED SPECIFIES which fields are not mass assignable.

class User extends MODEL {
     protected $guarded = ['user_type'];
}

It is an array which contains all those fields of table which can be create directly new record in your Database table.

class User EXTENDS MODEL {
        PROTECTED $fillable = ['username', 'password', 'phone'];
}

Gulp in Laravel is simply one IMPLEMENTATION that TARGETS to make it comfortable for the users who have RECENTLY acquainted themselves with the gulp in Laravel to be capable to MANAGE their gulp file through ADDING the modules that work efficiently.

Mix in Laravel renders one fluent API to define WEBPACK creation steps for the application of Laravel that uses various common CSS as WELL as JavaScript PREPROCESSORS. With the help of one easy method chaining, the user is able to fluently define the asset pipeline.

mix.js('resources/js/app.js', 'public/js') // You can ALSO USE your custom folder here
.sass('resources/sass/app.scss', 'public/css');

DUSK in Laravel RENDERS ONE expressive and easy-to-use type of browser automation along with testing API. This By default does not demand to install the JDK or Selenium on the device. Instead, it uses one STANDALONE installation of ChromeDriver. However, the users are free for utilizing any of the other compatible drivers of Selenium as per their wishes.

Horizon in Laravel is the queue manager. It provides the USER with FULL control of the queues, it renders the means for CONFIGURING how the jobs are PROCESSED and generates analytics, plus performs various tasks related to queue from within one nice DASHBOARD.

The Laravel 5.1 framework comprises functionality named BROADCASTING events. This new functionality makes it quite EASY to build real-time applications in PHP. And with this, an APP will be able to publish the events to a number of real-time cloud-based PubSub solutions, such as Pusher, or Redis. Also, with this functionality called the broadcasting events which is built into the Laravel 5.1, it now became easier creating real-time applications for the PHP developers. This LATEST real-time capability unbars numerous possibilities that were AVAILABLE only to applications written for the other platforms such as Node.js.

We use events and listeners in the laravel because events give the BASIC observer implementation that allows any user to SUBSCRIBE and listen to multiple events that are triggered in the web APPLICATION. EVERY listeners are STORED in the app/Listeners folder and event class in the laravel is stored in the app/Events folder .

BLADE is very SIMPLE and powerful templating engine that is provided with LARAVEL. Laravel uses "Blade TEMPLATE Engine".

We can add multiple AND operator at in a SINGLE where() conditions as well as we can also add separate where() for particular AND condition.

DB::table('client')->where(['status' => 1, 'name' => 'bestinterviewquestion.com'])->get();