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The principles of PREVENTIVE control are:

• CONTINUITY in operation
• Attainment of Quality
• Less MAINTENANCE COST
• Job Satisfaction
• Safety and Security.

The principles of Preventive control are:

1. Project scheduling
2. OPTIMIZATION functions
3. Assignment Problems
4. Linear Programming
5. SIMULATION MODELS.

The BASIC control process are:

1. ESTABLISHMENT of standards
2. Actual PERFORMANCE
3. Measurement of actual Performance
4. Comparison between Actual performance with STANDARD
5. Making corrective ACTION.

The basic control process are:

The 14 principles of management are:

1. DIVISION of Labour
2. Unity of Command
3. AUTHORITY and Responsibility
4. Discipline
5. Unity of Direction
6. CENTRALIZATION
7. Remuneration
8. Scalar Chain
9. Order
10. EQUITY
11. Stability in tenure
12. Initiativeness
13. Esprit decorps
14. Subordination of individual interest to GENERAL interest.

The 14 principles of management are:

Decision making for the future is CALLED Planning.

Steps in Planning :

1. Being aware of opportunity
2. Establishing GOALS and objectives
3. consideration of Planning Premises
4. Identification of alternatives
5. EVALUATION of Alternatives
6. Selection of the best alternative
7. making SUPPORTIVE PLANS
8. Numbering the plans.

Decision making for the future is called Planning.

Steps in Planning :

The DIFFERENT TYPES of PLANS are:

1. MISSION or purpose
2. Goals and Objectives
3. Strategies
4. Policies, procedures, rules
5. Programmes and projects
6. BUDGET.

The different types of Plans are:

Management is the ART of getting things done through the PEOPLE.

1. Planning
2. ORGANIZING
3. STAFFING
4. Directing
5. CONTROLLING.

Management is the art of getting things done through the people.

This is the method used for MAKING decisions under uncertainty and risk. In this MODEL before arriving a decision DIFFERENT option are considered and its probabilistic models are developed and ANALYZED.

This is the method used for making decisions under uncertainty and risk. In this model before arriving a decision different option are considered and its probabilistic models are developed and analyzed.

Doing BUSINESS without GEOGRAPHICAL boundaries are KNOWN as GLOBALIZATION.

Doing business without geographical boundaries are known as globalization.

UNITY of COMMAND tells the REPORTING relationship between a superior and a subordinate. A subordinate is always having a only one superior.

Unity of command tells the reporting relationship between a superior and a subordinate. A subordinate is always having a only one superior.

The DIFFERENT types of Modern controlling TECHNIQUES are:

1. PERT/CPM
2. Human resource Accounting
3. SOCIAL audit
4. ROI Analysis Wide Span
5. QUALITY Circle etc.

The different types of Modern controlling techniques are:

The METHODS available to RESOLVE conflict are:

1. PROBLEM solving
2. Super ordinate goals
3. expansion of resources
4. withdrawals
5. Compromise
6. SMOOTHING
7. Using appropriate AUTHORITY
8. Altering human variables
9. Altering structural variable.

The methods available to resolve conflict are:

THEORY Z suggests INTERPERSONAL RELATION is vital for organizational success.

Theory Z suggests interpersonal relation is vital for organizational success.

The advantages of PREVENTIVE control are:

1. More productivity
2. Self control
3. LESS managerial burden
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL advantages.

The advantages of preventive control are:

The principles of PREVENTIVE control are:

1. Professional managers commit minimum erros
2. Managers performance also UNDERGOES evaluation
3. Management FUNDAMENTALS are UTILIZED.

The principles of preventive control are:

The different types of budgets are:

1. Master BUDGET
2. FUNCTIONAL budget
3. FLEXIBLE budget
4. ZERO BASED budget.

The different types of budgets are:

The DIFFERENT types of SELECTION TESTS are:

1. Achievement test
2. Intelligence Test
3. PERSONALITY Test
4. Interest Test
5. Aptitude test.

The different types of selection tests are:

LINE people are DIRECTLY related with the achievement of organizational GOALS.

Staff people are indirectly related with the achievement of organizational goals.

Line people are directly related with the achievement of organizational goals.

Staff people are indirectly related with the achievement of organizational goals.

The FUNCTIONS of management are:

1. Planning
2. ORGANIZING
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. CONTROLLING.

The functions of management are:

Making a job with its DETAILED DESCRIPTION on duties and AUTHORITIES are KNOWN as job DESIGN.

Making a job with its detailed description on duties and authorities are known as job design.

It is used for taking key BUSINESS decision like STABILITY, growth, retrenchment and divestment decisions are arrived. It is the top management function. These PLANS are used for long term decision MAKING.

It is used for taking key business decision like stability, growth, retrenchment and divestment decisions are arrived. It is the top management function. These plans are used for long term decision making.

Making modifications in the functions and practices of an organization is KNOWN as ORGANIZATIONAL change. Change RESULTS employee well being and OVERALL organizational EFFECTIVENESS.

Making modifications in the functions and practices of an organization is known as organizational change. Change results employee well being and overall organizational effectiveness.

Consideration of various environmental FACTORS which are affecting the PERFORMANCE of formulated PLAN.

Consideration of various environmental factors which are affecting the performance of formulated plan.

Organizations are used to give training to their EMPLOYEES to enhance their SKILLS and abilities. Those TRAININGS are broadly classified into two TYPES. They are:

1. On the job training
2. Off the job training.

Organizations are used to give training to their employees to enhance their skills and abilities. Those trainings are broadly classified into two types. They are:

1. Over BUDGETING
2. DEVIATION from the GOALS
3. Under ESTIMATION.

CONTROLLING is the PROCESS of measurement and correction of performance in ORDER to ACHIEVE desired results.

Controlling is the process of measurement and correction of performance in order to achieve desired results.

1. Authority
2. RESPONSIBILITY
3. ORGANIZATIONAL Policy
4. STATUS Relationship ETC.

Career development is the programmes DESIGNED by the organizations for the Growth in JOB Position and Personal LIFE of the EMPLOYEES.

Career development is the programmes designed by the organizations for the Growth in Job Position and Personal Life of the employees.

It is an INFORMAL gathering of all EMPLOYEES and FREELY express their feeling and opinions about themselves and OTHERS.

It is an informal gathering of all employees and freely express their feeling and opinions about themselves and others.

Formulation of business PLANS with the DUE consideration of ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS and organizational appraisal is know as STRATEGIC planning.

Formulation of business plans with the due consideration of environmental analysis and organizational appraisal is know as strategic planning.

Maximizing the results of a decision is an ideal stage. NORMALLY it is an IMPOSSIBLE thing. The reason is our decisions are DISTURBED by lot of CONSTRAINTS, to reduce the effect of these constraints some of our efforts become waste. So we can't REACH maximum.

Maximizing the results of a decision is an ideal stage. Normally it is an impossible thing. The reason is our decisions are disturbed by lot of constraints, to reduce the effect of these constraints some of our efforts become waste. So we can't reach maximum.

Identification of REQUIRED activities, GROUPING of related activities together and forming departments and coordinating various departments with the ESTABLISHED goals and OBJECTIVES.

Identification of required activities, grouping of related activities together and forming departments and coordinating various departments with the established goals and objectives.

The different techniques USED to offset RISK and UNCERTAINTY in decision making are:

• Decision tree analysis,
• SIMULATION,
• Game theory,
• Probabilistic models.

The different techniques used to offset risk and uncertainty in decision making are:

BUSINESS has the RESPONSIBILITY to fulfill its stake holders INTEREST, such a OBLIGATION is KNOW as social responsibility of business.

Business has the responsibility to fulfill its stake holders interest, such a obligation is know as social responsibility of business.

POWER is CAPACITY to COMMAND.

AUTHORITY is the RIGHT to command.

Power is capacity to command.

Authority is the right to command.

Sharing ORGANIZATIONAL authority to different LEVELS and POSITIONS of an ORGANIZATION.

Sharing organizational authority to different levels and positions of an organization.

Job SATISFACTION, Contentious Improvement, LESS employee turnover, organizational DEVELOPMENT.

Job satisfaction, Contentious Improvement, Less employee turnover, organizational development.

Organization is CREATED for PERSONAL interest and SATISFACTION of the people.

Organization is created for personal interest and satisfaction of the people.

ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness is MEASURED in TERMS of STRUCTURAL fexibility, productivity, Employee INVOLVEMENT, Job satisfaction etc.

Organizational effectiveness is measured in terms of structural fexibility, productivity, Employee involvement, Job satisfaction etc.

1. Work autonomy
2. QUICK DECISIONS
3. Self responsibility
4. Continuous INVOLVEMENT
5. BETTER CONTROL.

1. LEGITIMATE Power
2. Expert Power
3. REFERENT Power
4. Reward Power
5. COERCIVE power.

Based on DELEGATION of AUTHORITY organizations are classified into two types:

Centralization: Entire Power is vested in the hands of few selected persons, normally top managers are holding the power of the organization.

Decentralization: Organizational authority is shared one. All the MEMBERS are having some AMOUNT of freedom in their work based on their position in the organizational structure.

Based on delegation of authority organizations are classified into two types:

Centralization: Entire Power is vested in the hands of few selected persons, normally top managers are holding the power of the organization.

Decentralization: Organizational authority is shared one. All the members are having some amount of freedom in their work based on their position in the organizational structure.

Decision MAKING involves SELECTION of BEST course of ACTION among different alternatives courses of action.

Decision making involves selection of best course of action among different alternatives courses of action.

An organization is created DELIBERATELY with common goal and PURPOSE. It has a WELL established AUTHORITATIVE relationship among MEMBERS.

An organization is created deliberately with common goal and purpose. It has a well established authoritative relationship among members.

Recruitment is the PROCESS of inducing potential candidates applying for a JOB position in an ORGANIZATION.

Recruitment is the process of inducing potential candidates applying for a job position in an organization.

EMPLOYEES, UNION, GATE HIRING, DEPUTATION.

Employees, Union, Gate Hiring, Deputation.

DYNAMIC, GOAL ORIENTED one, Process, Primary to other MANAGEMENT functions.

Dynamic, Goal oriented one, Process, Primary to other management functions.

Identification of activities, GROUPING RELATED activities together, forming DEPARTMENTS, PROVIDING AUTHORITY and coordinating departmental activities together.

Identification of activities, grouping related activities together, forming departments, providing authority and coordinating departmental activities together.

It is the act of instructing, guiding, INSPIRING PEOPLE in an ORGANIZATION to ACHIEVE organizational RESULTS.

It is the act of instructing, guiding, inspiring people in an organization to achieve organizational results.

Policy is the prevailing CONDITION and UNDERSTATING.

Procedure is the sequence of a PROPOSED ACTIVITIES.

Policy is the prevailing condition and understating.

Procedure is the sequence of a proposed activities.