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a. Contraceptive pills contain progestogen or progestogen-estrogen combination. 

They act by either of the following way: 

(i) inhibit ovulation 

(ii) inhibit implantation 

(iii) alter quality of cervical mucus to prevent or retard entry of sperms. 

b. Contraceptive pills should be taken daily for a period of 21 days starting within first five days of menstrual cycle (to be repeated after a gap of 7 days).

(I) The ideal contraceptive should be 

(i) user-friendly, 

(ii) effective and easily available, 

(iii) not interfering with the sexual drive, 

(iv) reversible with no or least side effects.

(II) Cut, Cu7 and Multiload 375 affect motility of sperms.

You can get Class 12 Biology MCQ Questions of Reproductive Health with Answers here based on NCERT for Class 12. MCQ Questions for Class 12 Biology are very helpful to score high marks in board exams. These MCQ Questions help to improve your knowledge and increase marks in exams. Important MCQ Questions for Class 12 Biology are very helpful to score high marks in board exams.

In this way, we should practice the given MCQ Questions for class 12 to comprehend the idea well indeed. We have given MCQ Questions to class 12 Reproductive Health with Answers to assist students with understanding the concept quite well and understand the patterns of Questions. 

Practice MCQ Question for Class 12 Biology chapter-wise

1. Rapid decline in a population due to high mortality rate is called:

(a) Population density
(b) Population crash
(c) Population explosion
(d) All of these

2. Amniocentesis is a process to:

(a) Determine any disease ¡n the heart
(b) Know about diseases of the brain
(c) Determine any hereditary disease in the embryo
(d) All of these

3. The most effective method for birth control is:

(a) Abortion
(b) Oral pills
(c) Abstinence
(d) Sterilization

4. Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow has developed a contraceptive named?

(a) Mala-D
(b) Combined pills
(c) Saheli
(d) Condoms

5. Which of these is cause by a retrovirus

(a) Gonorrhoea
(b) AIDS
(c) Trichomoniasis
(d) Syphillis

6. Surgical removed of testis of male of control the human population is:

(a) Castration
(b) Tubectomy
(c) Laparoscopy
(d) Vasectomy

7. Progesteron in the contraceptive pill:

(a) Prevents ovulation
(b) Inhibits estrogen
(c) Checks attachment of zygote to endometrium
(d) All the above

8. Which one amongst the following is the first country in the world to initiate action plans and programs at a national level to attain total reproductive health as the social goal?

(a) China
(b) India
(c) Japan
(d) USA

9. RCH stands for

(a) Routine Check-up of Health
(b) Reproduction Cum Hygiene
(c) Reversible Contraceptive Hazards
(d) Reproductive and Child Health Care

10. The method of directly injecting sperm into the ovum assisted by reproductive technology is called

(a) ICSI
(b) ET
(c) ZIFT
(d) GIFT

11. Which Artificial Reproductive Technique can help a lady conceive a child if both her fallopian tubes are blocked?

(a) IVF
(b) ZIFT
(c) GIFT
(d) None of these

12. Which of the following is not a copper releasing IUD?

(a) LNG 20
(b) Lippes Loop
(c) Both
(d) None of these

13. Fixing up of blastocyst in the wall of uterus is

(a) Implantation
(b) Fertilisation
(c) Placentation
(d) Impregnation

14. What is the correct surgical method for preventing pregnancy in which the vas deferens is cut?

(a) Vasectomy
(b) Castration
(c) Hysterectomy
(d) Ovariectomy

15. Genetic drift operates only in  

(a) island populations 
(b) smaller populations 
(c) larger populations 
(d) Mendelian populations

16. Tablets to prevent contraception contain 

(a) progesteron
(b) FSH 
(c) LH
(d) Both (b) and (c)

17. In a population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called 

(a) biotic potential 
(b) fertility 
(c) carrying capacity 
(d) birth rate

18. Geometric representation of age structure is a characteristic of  

(a) biotic community 
(b) population 
(c) landscape 
(d) ecosystem

19. What is the correct surgical method for preventing pregnancy in which the vas deferens is cut?

(a) Ovariectomy
(b) Hysterectomy
(c) Vasectomy
(d) Castration

20. Histamine is secreted by:

(a) Mast cell
(b) Nerve cells
(c) Kidney
(d) Liver cells

21. The technique involving the transfer of the ovum of a donor female into the fallopian tube of a recipient female is called

(a) GIFT
(b) IVF-ET
(c) IUT
(d) ZIFT

22. Cu ions released from copper - releasing Intra-Uterine Devices (IUDs):

(a) make uterus unsuitable for implantation
(b) increase phagocytosis of sperms
(c) suppress sperm motility
(d) prevent ovulation

23. Name the spermicidal cream developed by Central Drug Research Institute (Lucknow), India.

(a) Spermacid
(b) Consap
(c) Sapindus
(d) Corovira

24. ART [used to help infertile couples] stands for:

(a) Assisted Reproductive Technologies
(b) Artificial Reproductive Technologies
(c) Augmented Reproductive Technologies
(d) Anomalous Reproductive Technologies

25. In ET technique embryo is transferred into........

(a) Always fallopian tube
(b) Always uterus
(c) Fallopian tube or uterus
(d) Ovary

Answer:

1. Answer : (b) Population crash

Explanation: This rapid decline in population due to the high mortality rate is a Population crash.

2. Answer :  (c) Determine any hereditary disease in the embryo

Explanation: Amniocentesis is a prenatal testing procedure usually performed during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. During amniocentesis, your provider uses a thin needle to remove a small amount of amniotic fluid from the sac surrounding your unborn baby. This fluid sample then gets tested in a laboratory.

3. Answer : (c) Abstinence

Explanation: Abstinence. Abstinence is the only birth control that is 100 percent effective and is also the best way to protect you against STDs.

4. Answer :  (c) Saheli

Explanation: Saheli was developed by CDRI. Oral contraceptive pills are an effective way of birth control. Saheli is the world's first oral non-steroidal contraceptive pill with zero side effects.

5. Answer :  (b) AIDS

Explanation: The retrovirus known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans.

6. Answer :  (a) Castration

Explanation: The process of removal of testes through the surgical procedure or process is known as castration.

7. Answer : (a) Prevents ovulation

Explanation: The progestin in the pills has several effects in the body that help prevent pregnancy: The mucus in the cervix thickens, making it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus and fertilize an egg. Progestin stops ovulation, but it does not do so consistently.

8. Answer :  (b) India

Explanation: India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programs at a national level to attain total reproductive health as a social goal. These programmes called 'family planning' were initiated in 1951 and were periodically assessed over the past decades.

9. Answer :  (d) Reproductive and Child Health Care

Explanation: The Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme which was launched on 15th October 1997 incorporated two earlier programs i.e, National family welfare (NFW) program and the Child survival & Safe Motherhood (CSSM) program.

10. Answer :  (a) ICSI

Explanation: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure. In this procedure, a single sperm cell is injected directly into the cytoplasm of an egg.

11. Answer :  (a) IVF

Explanation: But, if the tubes are severely damaged, doctors recommend IVF which will help women conceive naturally. “Most women who are diagnosed with tubal factor infertility come to us after they reach a critical stage and this calls for IVF treatment.

12. Answer : (a) LNG 20

Explanation: LNG-20 is a hormone-releasing IUD and Lippes loop is a non-medicated IUD.

13. Answer : (a) Implantation

Explanation: This blastocyst adheres (attaches) to the uterine wall (endometrium) for receiving oxygen and nutrients from the mother. This attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium is called implantation.

14. Answer :  (a) Vasectomy

Explanation: In a vasectomy, the vas deferens tubes are tied, cut, clipped, or sealed to prevent the release of sperm into the semen. This prevents a woman's egg from being fertilized with the man's sperm.

15. Answer : (b) smaller populations 

Explanation: Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution in which allele frequencies of a population change over generations due to chance (sampling error). Genetic drift occurs in all populations of non-infinite size, but its effects are strongest in small populations.

16. Answer :  (a) progesteron

Explanation: Most birth control pills are "combination pills" containing a mix of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation (the release of an egg during the monthly cycle). A woman cannot get pregnant if she doesn't ovulate because there is no egg to be fertilized.

17. Answer :  (a) biotic potential 

Explanation: The physiological capacity of the organisms to produce their offspring under natural conditions is called biotic potential. It is also known as reproductive potential. In the population, unrestricted reproductive capacity is called biotic potential.

18. Answer :  (b) population 

Explanation: Geometric representation of age structure is a characteristic of a population. In most populations, individuals are of different ages. The proportion of individual in each age group is called age structure of that population. Geometric representation of age structure is a characteristic of a population.

19. Answer :  (c) Vasectomy

Explanation: In a vasectomy, the vas deferens tubes are tied, cut, clipped, or sealed to prevent the release of sperm into the semen. This prevents a woman's egg from being fertilized with the man's sperm.

20. Answer : (a) Mast cell

Explanation: Histamine is synthesized in all tissues, but is particularly abundant in the skin, lung and gastrointestinal tract. Mast cells, which are present in many tissues, are a prominent source of histamine, but histamine is also secreted by a number of other immune cells.

21.Answer :  (a) GIFT

Explanation: Gamete Intrafallopian transfer is a method used for women that cannot produce an ovum however can give an appropriate surrounding for the fetus to grow. In such situations, the ovum from the donor woman is transplanted into the fallopian tube of the women

22. Answer :  (c) suppress sperm motility

Explanation: IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of sperms. The hormone-releasing IUDs, in addition, make the uterus unsuitably for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.

23. Answer : (b) Consap

Explanation: Central drug research institute, Lucknow, India has developed spermicidal cream called Consap. It has the capability of killing the sperm released during insemination.

24. Answer :  (a) Assisted Reproductive Technologies 

Explanation: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. This subject involves procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), cryopreservation of gametes or embryos, and/or the use of fertility medication.

25. Answer :  (c) Fallopian tube or uterus

Explanation: In E.T techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus. The Embryo Transfer technique is used very increasingly nowadays for infertile couples. In this type of technique, male and female gametes are fused outside the mother's body.

Click here to practice  MCQ Question for Reproductive Health Class 12  

The basic aims of the RCH programmes are creating public awareness regarding reproductionrelated aspects and providing facilities to build up a healthy society with added emphasis on the health of mother and child.

Reproductive health means total well being in all aspects of reproduction, i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural, social and physiological. 

Following measures are needed to make people aware of reproductively healthy society: 

(i) Providing infrastructural facilities and professional expertise to attain reproductive health. 

(ii) Educating people about birth control methods, care of pregnant mothers, importance of breast feeding, safe and hygienic sexual practices and safeguard against STDs. 

(iii) Introduction of sex education in schools to give proper information to the young minds about sex-related aspects. 

(iv) Help of audio–visual and print-media to create awareness among people about reproduction related aspects. 

(v) Awareness of problems due to population explosion, social evils like sex abuse and sexrelated crimes. 

(vi) Statutory ban on amniocentesis to legally check female foeticides.

You can score well in Reproductive Health Class 12 Mock Test; we have created free online mock tests for Reproductive Health Biology. Try these mock tests today and know your level of preparation for exams and improve your weaker zone.

Reproductive health is the complete physical, mental, and social well-being of an individual. It deals with the reproductive functions and processes at all stages of life. It is the central feature of the development of humans. It is of special concern for women during their reproductive years. Even men have general reproductive health issues and needs, but to a lesser extent compared to women.

Given below Class 12 Mock test of Reproductive Health is totally based on Reproductive Health syllabus of class 12 Biology NCERT book. Reproductive Health class 12 MCQ Questions has very important questions taken from the previous year's question papers.

Click here to start practice: - Class 12 Reproductive Health Mock Test 

a) Inhibition of spermatogenesis.

d) A-(iv), B-(i), C-(ii), D-(iii)

c) Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

b) inhibiting release of FSH and LH

• Amniocentesis is a prenatal technique used to detect any chromosomal abnormalities and metabolic disorders of the foetus. 
• It is being often misused to determine the sex of the foetus.
• Once the sex of the foetus is known, there may be a chance of female foeticide. 
• Hence, a legal ban on amniocentesis is compulsory.

a. The colony people thought that AIDS is a communicable disease but it is a STD. 

b. 1.Avoid sex with unknown partners or multiple partners 

2.Use condom during coitus every time 

3.Avoid Sharing of injection needles, surgical instruments with infected persons 

4.Avoid contaminated blood transfusion 

c. Syptoms: Loss of weight, persistent fever for prolonged period , persistent cough, respiratory problems, weakness etc. Causative agent- HIV

It involves fertilization of ovum outside the body followed by the transfer of embryo inside the uterus.

Hepatitis – B, AIDS.

b. identify the one which does not specifically affect the sex organs AIDS.

Reproductive health and proper family planning programmes are highly essential for survival of mankind. Reproductive health refers to the state of physical, psycological and social well being merely in absence of illness in all matter related to reproductive system and its proper functioning. 

Family planning has the following health and social benefits.

1. Protecting the health of women by reducing frequent pregnancies. 

2. Reducing abortions. 

3. Providing stable population growth. 

4. Assuming the infants well being by providing adequate time lapse between successive pregnancies.

(c) (i) → (ii) → (ii) → (iv) → (v)

Foetoscope is used to monitor the foetal heart rate and other functions during late pregnancy and labour. The average foetal heart rate is between 120 and 160 beats per minute. An abnormal foetal heart rate or pattern may mean that the foetus is not getting enough oxygen and it indicates other problems. A hand-held doppler device is often used during prenatal visits to count the foetal heart rate. During labour, continuous electronic foetal monitoring is often used.

Tubectomy is the surgical sterilisation in women. In this procedure, a small portion of both fallopian tubes are cut and tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina. This prevents fertilization as well as the entry of the egg into the uterus.

Vasectomy is the surgical procedure for male sterilisation. In this procedure, both vas deferens are cut and tied through a small incision on the scrotum to prevent the entry of sperm into the urethra. Vasectomy prevents sperm from heading off to penis as the discharge has no sperms in it.

Menstrual cycles resume as early as 6 to 8 weeks from parturition. However, the reappearance of normal ovarian cycles may be delayed for six months during breastfeeding. This delay in ovarian cycles is called lactational amenorrhoea. It serves as a natural, but an unreliable form of birth control.

Saheli is an oral contraceptive pill provided by Central Drug Research Institute in Lucknow, – India. It contains a non-steroidal hormone preparation called centchroman.

Yes, the use is justified.

Population in India is increasing at a very fast rate. To overcome this problem and to have small family, the use of contraceptive could be the best option.

(b) placental tissue

Syphilis and gonorrhea.

{1} It should have no side effects

{2} It should be easily available.

Advantages of Amniocentesis: 

1. It helps in finding out the sex of the foetus. 

2. It is useful in finding out any metabolic disorders of the foetus at a very early stage. 

3. By this method serious incurable congenital defects in foetus can be detected by MTP.

MTP is carried out to get rid of unwanted pregnancies. It is also essential when the foetus is suffering from an incurable disease or when continuation of pregnancy could be harmful or even fatal to the mother and or foetus.

Disadvantages of Amniocentesis: 

1. It has been that not only fathers, even mothers also do not want female child and they get it aborted out. This will be a serious menace to eliminate human race from the earth. So, this technique has now been banned. 

2. For amniocentesis an experience and expert doctor is required otherwise the syringe may damage the developing foetus leading to abortion.

Progesteron-estrogen combination and IUD administered within 72 hrs of intercourse.

1. Avoiding coitus with unknown/multiple partners. 

2. Use of condoms during coitus.

A particular technique which helps to diagnose sex and chromosomal disorders in an unborn foetus is called Amniocentesis. 

Steps of Amniocentesis: 

a. Amniotic fluid containing foetal cells are taken out from mother‘s womb by a special surgical needle without damaging the foetus. 

b. Now the foetal cells are cultured to examine sex and chromosomal disorders of the foetus.

Natural method is used to prevent meeting of sperm with ovum, i.e., Rhythm method (safe period), coitus interruptus, continuous abstinence and lactational amenorrhoea.

a. Periodic abstinence/rhythm method: Ovulation occurs at about the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Ovum survives for about two days and sperm remains alive for about 72 hours in the female reproductive tract. Coitus is to be avoided during this time.

b. Continuous abstinence is the simplest and most reliable way to avoid pregnancy is not to have coitus for a defined period that facilitates conception.

c. Coitus interruptus is the oldest family planning method. The male partner withdraws his penis before ejaculation, thereby preventing deposition of semen into the vagina.

d. Lactational amenorrhoea : Menstrual cycles resume as early as 6 to 8 weeks from parturition. However, the reappearance of normal ovarian cycles may be delayed for six months during breast-feeding. This delay in ovarian cycles is called lactational amenorrhoea. It serves as a natural, but an unreliable form of birth control.

Suckling by the baby during breast-feeding stimulates the pituitary to secrete increased prolactin hormone in order to increase milk production. This high prolactin concentration in the mother’s blood may prevent menstrual cycle by suppressing the release of GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone) from hypothalamus and gonadotropin secretion from the pituitary.

(b) Vasectomy – Prevents spermatogenesis

(c) Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect.

b. Zygote is collected from a female donour and transferred to the fallopian tube

ZIFT (Zygote IntraFallopian Transfer) method helps the infertile couples to have babies. The GIFT is considered as a boon to childless couples because it enables them to attain the parenthood. In this technique fusion of the ovum from the donor female (wife) and the sperm from the donor male (husband) is done outside the body, in the laboratory and the zygote or early embryo (with up to 8 blastomeres) is transferred into the fallopian tube of the woman. Implantation takes place at this early embryo stage in the uterus where further development of the embryo takes place.

(a) Female partner is blamed due to social mindset/inequality of sexes  lack of awareness/male dominated society / any other relevant point.

1. Awareness to be created that abnormality can occur in both male and infertility issues with suitable examples.

2. Mutual respect towards both the partners in case of the problem and to find the remedy from medical experts instead of visiting quacks.

3. Educate them to find the reason and not believe in superstitions

(b) Physical (abnormality in reproductive system), congenital, immunological or psychological.

(c) Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) / artificial insemination (AI) / Intra  uterine insemination(IUI).

Detailed Answer : 

(a) The females are often blamed for the couple being unable to reproduce as there is lack of awareness among the people about the issue. As a biology student I would promote the following two values among the people. 

(i) Either partner could be responsible for the couple being childless because both male and female partners equally contribute for having a child. This in because baby develops from zygote which is formed by the fusion of sperm and ovum. Hence, only female partner can not always be blamed for the couple being childless. 

(ii) Never blame females for infertility without proper diagnosis. 

(b) The two reasons for infertility could be : Congenital diseases or drugs.

(c) Artificial insemination technique. This technique is useful for the male partner having inability to inseminate female or has low sperm counts. In this technique, the semen collected from the husband or a donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or uterus

Condom (male/female) and Cervical cap

The hormone releasing IUDs is LNG-20. It acts as a contraceptive by making the cervix hostile to sperms and the uterus unsuitable for implantation.

(d) FSH & LH

1. LH/FSH/Progesterone

2. FSH helps for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. LH helps for ovulation. Progesterone maintains pregnancy.

(d) A is incorrect R is correct

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) : Medical method of abortion is a voluntary or intentional termination of pregnancy in a nonsurgical or non-invasive way. Early medical termination is extremely safe upto 12 weeks (the first trimester) of pregnancy and generally ,has no impact on a women’s fertility. Abortion during the second trimester is more risky as the foetus becomes intimately associated with the maternal tissue.

Dr. Sheela will be be arrested under PCPNDT Act – preconception and prenatal diagnostic technique Act-1994.

Coitus interruptus is a oldest family planning method, where the male partner withdraws his penis before ejaculation, there by preventing the deposition of semen into vagina.