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(A) Prokaryotes

The Tidal Volume of a normal person is 500 mL.

(b) 2500-3000 mL

A) The animals with more weight usually have weighted hearts. In one heart beat the largesized hearts sends high amounts of blood to circulatory system. It takes time for the fulfilment of heart. Hence heart beat is less in animals with more body weight. 

B) Usually the heart is very small in less weight animals. When the animal shrinks or contracts , its heart actually decrease the volume of blood proportionately. It can compensate for the reduced volume by increasing the rate at which it can supply blood to all body parts. 

C) As the weight of the body of the animal increases the rate of heart beat per minute decreases. And also as the weight of the body decrease the rate of heart beat increases. 

D) Usually the body of an organism is made by number of organs which makes the body functional. As all the body parts constitute the whole organism, the heart one of the organ is usually has less weight than body weight of an animal.

1. Pleura

2. Alveoli 

3. Larynx 

4. Trachea

The equation that represents respiration is

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ \(\longrightarrow\) 6 CO₂ + 6H₂O + 686 KCal

In the set which has germinating seeds the colour changes faster. Because CO₂ is formed faster in aerobic respiration.

Red blood cells are red in colour due to the presence of haemoglobin in their cytoplasm.

B) Oxygen deficiency

1. When we are eating food, epiglottis helps to avoid food entering into trachea. 

2. If we talk while we eat food, there is a chance of food entering into trachea and causes choking. 

3. As a result irritation and inflammation takes place in the respiratory tract. 

4. So we are advised not to talk while eating.

In the absence of oxygen pyruvate will be converted to lactic acid and release small amount of energy in animals.

Animals that live in water are called aquatic animals and that live on land are known as terrestrial animals.

1. For a plant’s metabolism, both photosynthesis and respiration are required.
2. During the daytime, the rate of photosynthesis is usually higher than that of respiration while at night it is just reverse in most plants. 
3. Aerobic respiration: Respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen. 
4. Anaerobic respiration: Respiration is carried out in the absence of oxygen. 
5. Alveoli: The structural and functional unit of lungs. Very small and numerous chambers are present in the lungs.
6. Pharynx: It is the common passage for food and air. 
7. Trachea: It Is also known as the windpipe. It connects the nose and mouth to the lungs. 
8.  Bronchi: It is the part of the trachea that enter the lungs. These conduct air into the lungs. 
9.  Bronchioles: The bronchus branches into smaller tubes which in turn become bronchioles. 
10.  Epiglottis: A flap-like muscular valve that controls movements of air and food towards their respective passages.

The term “respiration” is derived from Latin