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1. In his early experiments Lavoisier thought that the gas liberated on heating powdered charcoal in a bell jar kept over water in a trough was like fixed air i.e., carbon dioxide. 

2. The next series of experiments deals with the combustion of phosphorous in a bell jar. From this he showed that whatever it was in the atmospheric air which combined with the phosphorous was not water vapour. 

3. This was respirable air, a component of air that also helped in burning.

4. The air that we breathe out precipitated lime water while that after heating metal did not. 

5. From this, he concluded that there were two processes involved in respiration. 

6. Lavoisier carried out another experiment by which he showed that about one sixth of the volume of ‘vitiated air’ consists of chalky acid gas (fixed air). 

7. Either eminently respirable air is changed in the lungs to chalky acid air; or an exchange takes place, the eminently respirable air being absorbed, and an almost equal volume of chalky acid air being given up to the air from the lungs. 

8. Lavoisier had to admit that there were strong grounds for believing that eminently respirable air did combine with the blood to produce the red colour

1. No, I do not agree with this statement. Plants photosynthesize during daytime only and respire during the daytime as well as night time also. 

2. During daytime when photosynthesis occurs in the presence of sunlight. Oxygen is produced. The leaves use some of this oxygen for respiration and the rest diffuses into air. 

3. During daytime CO₂ produced by respiration is all used up in photosynthesis by leaves.

4. At night time no photosynthesis occurs and oxygen diffuses into leaves to carryout respiration.

1. Newborn child: 32 times per minute 

2. Children of 5 years: 26 times per minute

3. Man of 25 years: 15 times per minute 

4. Man of 50 years: 18 times per minute

1. From the break down of glucose the energy is released and stored up in a special compound known as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). 

2. It is a small parcel of chemical energy. The energy currency of these cells is ATP an energy rich compound that is capable of supplying energy whenever needed within the cell. 

3. Each ATP molecule gives 7200 calories of energy. This energy is stored in the form of phosphate bonds.

4. If the bond is broken, the stored energy is released.

1. The aquatic animals like dolphin and crocodile respire with the help of lungs. 

2. They come out of the water for air. 

3. These two animals were lived on land initially. 

4. Later they lived in water and developed several adaptations to live in water.

1. Cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells like that of bacteria occurs within the cytoplasm. 

2. In eukaryotic cells cytoplasm and mitochondria are the sites of reaction. 

3. The produced energy is stored in mitochandria in the form of ATP.

4. Hence, mitochondria are called “Power houses of cell”.

a) The given diagram indicates mitochondria. 

b) Matrix 

c) Performing cellular respiration and releasing energy in the form of ATP. 

d) Respiratory system.

A) Respiratory system 

B)  A – alveolus; B – blood capillary network

C) Respiratory system; circulatory system.

D) Gaseous exchange between alveolus of lungs and blood capillaries. Due to this the CO , present in blood capillaries enter alveolus and oxygen present in alveolus en¬ter blood capillaries.