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Correct option is (B) False

The best explanation: A metal roof is a roofing system made from metal pieces or tiles characterized by its high resistance, IMPERMEABILITY and longevity. Metal roofs can last up to 100 years, with INSTALLERS providing 50 year warranties. Because of their longevity, most metal roofs are less EXPENSIVE than asphalt shingles in the long term.

Metal roofing can consist of a high percentage of recycled material and is 100% recyclable. It does not get as hot as asphalt a common roofing material, and it reflects heat away from the building underneath in summertime.

The correct choice is (a) True

To elaborate: WOOD drying (also seasoning LUMBER or wood seasoning) reduces the MOISTURE content of wood before its use. When the drying is done in a kiln, the product is known as kiln-dried timber or lumber, WHEREAS air drying is the more traditional METHOD.

Right option is (c) posts

The best I can explain: A wall stud is a vertical framing member in a building’s wall of smaller cross section than a post. They are a fundamental ELEMENT in FRAME building. A COLUMN or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural ELEMENTS below. In other words, a column is a compression member.

Right OPTION is (c) Header bond

The best explanation: Header bond is often USED on curving walls with a SMALL radius of curvature. In Lewes, Sussex, England UK many small buildings are constructed in this bond, USING BLUE coloured bricks and vitrified surfaces.

The correct option is (c) sandstones

The explanation: SANDSTONE is a CLASTIC sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) MINERAL particles or rock fragments. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to WEATHERING processes at the Earth’s surface, as seen in Bowen’s reaction series.

The correct answer is (d) stonemasonry

To elaborate: It is one of the OLDEST trades in HUMAN history. These materials have been used to construct many of the long-lasting, ancient monuments, artifacts, cathedrals, and cities in a WIDE variety of cultures. Famous works of stonemasonry include the Taj Mahal, Cusco’s Incan Wall, Easter Island’s STATUES, the Egyptian Pyramids, Angkor WAT, Borobudur, Tihuanaco, Tenochtitlan, Persepolis, the Parthenon, Stonehenge, and Chartres Cathedral.

The correct ANSWER is (B) False

To elaborate: The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is similar to that of steel, ELIMINATING large internal stresses due to differences in thermal expansion or CONTRACTION.

Right answer is (c) under-reinforced

To explain: When the reinforced concrete element is SUBJECT to increasing bending moment, the tension steel yields while the concrete does not reach its ultimate failure CONDITION. As the tension steel yields and stretches, an “under-reinforced” concrete also yields in a ductile MANNER, EXHIBITING a large DEFORMATION and warning before its ultimate failure. In this case the yield stress of the steel governs the design.

Correct ANSWER is (d) quick sand

Easy explanation: Percussion drilling is a manual drilling technique in which a heavy cutting or hammering BIT attached to a rope or cable is LOWERED in the open hole or inside a temporary casing. The technique is OFTEN also referred to as ‘Cable tool’. Usually a tripod is used to support the tools.

The correct option is (d) frieze

The explanation is: In architecture the frieze is the wide central section part of an entablature and may be PLAIN in the Ionic or DORIC order, or decorated with bas-reliefs. Even when neither COLUMNS nor pilasters are expressed, on an astylar wall it lies upon the architrave (‘main beam’) and is capped by the moldings of the cornice. A frieze can be found on many Greek and Roman buildings, the Parthenon Frieze being the most FAMOUS, and perhaps the most elaborate. This style is typical for the Persians.

The correct answer is (a) False

The explanation: PIG iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle, and not useful directly as a material except for LIMITED APPLICATIONS.

Right choice is (d) Iron oxide

For explanation I would say: Iron (III) oxide or ferric oxide is the inorganic compound with the FORMULA Fe2O3. It is one of the three main oxides of iron, the other two being iron (II) oxide (FeO), which is RARE, and iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), which also occurs naturally as the MINERAL magnetite. As the mineral known as hematite, Fe2O3 is the main source of iron for the STEEL industry.

Correct answer is (a) True

For EXPLANATION I would say: Carpenters extensively USE dimensional lumber in framing wooden buildings. COMMON sizes include 2×4 (pictured) (also two-by-four and other variants, such as four-by-two in Australia, New Zealand, and the UK), 2×6, and 4×4. The length of a board is usually SPECIFIED separately from the width and depth. It is thus possible to find 2×4s that are four, eight, and twelve FEET in length.

The correct answer is (a) True

The best I can explain: During the pumping operation the pump exerted pressure must OVERCOME any friction between the pumping pipes and the concrete, ALSO the WEIGHT of the concrete and the pressure head when the concrete is placed above the pumps. Since only water is pump able, all the pressure generated is by the water that is present in the concrete. The major problem due to pumping are segregation effects and bleeding. In order to rectify and REDUCE these effects, GENERALLY the proportion of the cement is increased in order to increase the cohesion, which leads to the reduction of segregation and bleeding. Also if a proper selection of the aggregate grading can vastly improve the concrete pump ability.

Right answer is (d) MASONRY trowel

To explain I would SAY: Filling in the gaps (joints) with MORTAR is referred to as pointing. Pointing in SMALLER joints can be accomplished using tuck POINTERS, pointing trowels, and margin trowels, among other tools.

The correct option is (d) anvil

To elaborate: Anvils are as massive as they are practical, because the higher their INERTIA, the more efficiently they cause the ENERGY of striking tools to be transferred to the work piece. On a quality anvil, the smith’s hammer should rebound with almost as much energy as the smith puts into the DOWNWARD STROKE, ultimately making the smith’s job easier and less PHYSICALLY strenuous.

The correct option is (a) False

The best explanation: Finished lumber is supplied in standard SIZES, mostly for the construction industry- primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce (collectively spruce-pine-fir), CEDAR, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring. It is CLASSIFIED more COMMONLY made from softwood than hardwoods, and 80% of lumber comes from softwood.

Right choice is (a) True

The best EXPLANATION: A building’s roofing material provides shelter from the natural elements. The outer LAYER of a roof shows great variation dependent upon availability of material, and the nature of the supporting structure. Those types of roofing material which are COMMERCIALLY available range from natural products such as thatch and slate to commercially produced products such as tiles and polycarbonate sheeting. Roofing MATERIALS may be placed on TOP of a secondary water-resistant material called underlayment.

The correct OPTION is (d) Carpentry

Easy explanation: Carpenters traditionally WORKED with natural wood and did the rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used and sometimes the FINER TRADES of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry. Carpentry in the United States is almost always done by men. With 98.5% of carpenters being male, it was the fourth most male-dominated occupation in the country in 1999, and there were about 1.5 million positions in 2006. Carpenters are usually the first tradesmen on a job and the last to leave.

The correct option is (d) Banker masons

Easy explanation: They can produce anything from stones with simple chamfers to tracery windows, detailed mouldings and the more CLASSICAL architectural building masonry. When WORKING a stone from a sawn block, the mason ensures that the stone is bedded in the RIGHT WAY, so the finished work sits in the building in the same orientation as it was formed on the ground.

Correct answer is (a) axial-flow pump

To EXPLAIN I would say: An axial flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that ESSENTIALLY consists of a propeller in a pipe. The propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the pipe or mounted to the pipe from the outside or by a right-angle drive SHAFT that pierces the pipe.

 Fluid particles, in course of their flow through the pump, do not change their radial locations since the change in radius at the entry (called ‘suction’) and the exit (called ‘DISCHARGE’) of the pump is very small. HENCE the name “axial” pump.

The correct answer is (b) Snake

The explanation is: Timber decay (rot) is caused by a biological attack within the wood by CERTAIN species of fungi. The fungus can lie dormant in the timber for YEARS until the RIGHT conditions present themselves. The conditions needed are oxygen, moisture and nutrients, with moisture being the CRITICAL component. If moisture is not present in timber, then the fungi will remain dormant, even when oxygen and the nutrients they REQUIRE are abundant.

Correct answer is (a) SHEAR slump

The best I can explain: This type of slump is characterized by the GENERAL drop of the concrete mass evenly without VISIBLE signs of deterioration or disintegration.

Shear Slump: It indicates that the concrete mix is deficient in cohesion. This type of slump leads to segregation and bleeding. HENCEFORTH in the long RUN effecting the durability of the concrete.

Collapse Slump: This type of slump is indicates that the mix of concrete is simply too wet. The mix is considered to be harsh and lean.

Right OPTION is (b) False

Explanation: A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a room and to provide support for a roof. Trusses usually occur at regular intervals, linked by longitudinal timbers such as purlins. The space between each truss is known as a bay.

Timber roof trusses were a MEDIEVAL development. EARLIER roofs had been supported by coupled rafters – PAIRS of rafters linked by horizontal beams. But such roofs were STRUCTURALLY weak, and lacking any longitudinal support were prone to racking, a collapse resulting from horizontal movement.

The CORRECT ANSWER is (a) Low-speed Steel

Easy explanation: TYPES of steel are-

• STAINLESS Steel

• Carbide Steel

• Carbon Steel

• High-speed Steel

• Cobalt Steel.

The correct answer is (d) Cabinetmaker

Best explanation: A cabinet is a box-shaped PIECE of FURNITURE with doors and/or DRAWERS for storing miscellaneous items. Some cabinets standalone while others are built in to a wall or are attached to it like a MEDICINE cabinet. Cabinets are typically made of wood, coated steel, or synthetic materials. Commercial grade cabinets, which differ in the materials used, are called CASEWORK.

Correct choice is (a) True

The explanation: A SLURRY pit, also known as a farm slurry pit, slurry tank, slurry LAGOON or slurry store, is a hole, dam, or circular CONCRETE structure where farmers gather all their ANIMAL waste together with other unusable organic matter, such as hay and water run off from washing down dairies, stables, and barns, in ORDER to convert it, over a lengthy period of time, into fertilizer that can eventually be reused on their lands to fertilize crops.

Correct choice is (a) True

Easy explanation: The methods that are involved in saving the shrinkage of the CONCRETE includes:

(a) Spraying of water: on walls, and columns can be cured by sprinkling water.

(b) Wet covering of SURFACE: can be cured by using the surface with wet GUNNY bags or straw

(c) Ponding: the horizontal surfaces including the slab and floors can be cured by stagnating the water.

(d) Steam curing: of pre-fabricated concrete units steam can be cured by passing it over the units that are under CLOSED chambers. It allows faster curing process and results in faster recovery.

(e) Application of curing compounds: compounds having calcium chloride can be applied on curing surface. This keeps the surface wet for a very long time.

Right choice is (d) Butterfly ROOF

Easiest explanation: A butterfly roof (sometimes called a V roof or London roof) is a form of roof characterized by an inversion of a standard roof form, with two roof surfaces sloping down from OPPOSING edges to a valley near the MIDDLE of the roof. It is so called because its shape resembles a butterfly’s wings. Butterfly roofs are commonly associated with mid-century modern architecture. The form has no gutter as RAINWATER can run off the roof in no more than two locations, at either END of the valley, often into a scupper or downspout. The form may be symmetrical, with the valley located in the center, or asymmetrical with an off-center valley.

Right OPTION is (b) False

Explanation: Reinforced CONCRETE can be CLASSIFIED as precast or cast-in-place concrete.Designing and implementing the most EFFICIENT floor system is key to creating optimal building structures. Small changes in the design of a floor system can have significant impact on material costs, CONSTRUCTION schedule, ultimate strength, operating costs, occupancy levels and end use of a building.

The correct option is (b) high-voltage

Best explanation: A special output connector is USED that PREVENTS arcing, insulation breakdown and ACCIDENTAL human contact. Federal Standard connectors are typically used for applications above 20 kV, though other types of connectors (e.g., SHV connector) may be used at lower voltages. Some high-voltage power supplies provide an analog input or digital COMMUNICATION interface that can be used to control the output voltage.

The correct CHOICE is (d) Silicon, MANGANESE, Sulphur

For explanation I would SAY: Impurities percentage is very minimal, and it is added ACCORDING to the requirements

• Silicon

• Sulphur

• Carbon

• Phosphorous

• Manganese, etc.

The correct choice is (a) True

To ELABORATE: The term box frame is not well defined and has been used for any kind of FRAMING other than cruck framing. The distinction presented here is the roof LOAD is carried by the exterior WALLS. Purlins are also in a simple timber frame.

Right OPTION is (c) free water

Explanation: Free water: The bulk of water contained in the cell lumina is only held by capillary forces. It is not bound chemically and is CALLED free water. Free water is not in the same thermodynamic state as liquid water: energy is required to OVERCOME the capillary water. Furthermore, free water may contain chemicals, altering the drying characteristics of wood.

Bound or hygroscopic water: Bound water is bound to the wood VIA hydrogen bond. The attraction of wood for water arises from the presence of free hydroxyl (OH) groups in the cellulose hemicelluloses and lignin molecules in the cell wall. The hydroxyl groups are negatively charged. Because water is a polar liquid, the free hydroxyl groups in cellulose attract and hold water by hydrogen bonding.

Vapor: Water in cell lumina in the FORM of water vapour is normally negligible at normal temperature and humidity.

Correct ANSWER is (a) True

The explanation: BENTONITE is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting MOSTLY of montmorillonite. It was named by Wilbur C. Knight in 1898 after the Cretaceous Benton Shale near Rock River, Wyoming.

Correct OPTION is (a) arch

To elaborate: It can span a large area by resolving forces into compressive stresses and, in TURN eliminating tensile stresses. This is sometimes referred to as arch ACTION. As the forces in the arch are carried to the ground, the arch will PUSH outward at the base, called thrust. As the rise, or height of the arch decreases, the outward thrust increases. In order to maintain arch action and prevent the arch from collapsing, the thrust needs to be restrained, either with internal ties or EXTERNAL bracing, such as abutments.

Correct option is (c) cast iron

To explain: With MODERN STEELMAKING techniques such as powder metal forming, it is possible to make very high-carbon (and other alloy material) steels, but such are not COMMON. Cast iron is not MALLEABLE even when hot, but it can be formed by casting as it has a lower melting point than steel and GOOD cast ability properties. Certain compositions of cast iron, while retaining the economies of melting and casting, can be heat treated after casting to make malleable iron or ductile iron objects.

Correct option is (c) Batching, Mixing, Transporting and placing of concrete, Compacting

Easiest explanation: Steps involved in the concreting process are:

Batching: The process of measurement of the different materials for the making of concrete is KNOWN as batching. Batching is usually done in two ways: VOLUME batching and weight batching. In CASE of volume batching the measurement is done in the form of volume whereas in the case of weight batching it is done by the weight.

Mixing: In order to create good concrete the mixing of the materials should be first done in dry condition and after it wet condition. The two general methods of mixing are: hand mixing and machine mixing.

Transportation and placing of concrete: Once the concrete mixture is CREATED it must be transported to its final location. The concrete is placed on form works and should always be dropped on its final location as closely as possible.

Compaction of concrete: When concrete is placed it can have air bubbles entrapped in it which can lead to the reduction of the strength by 30%. In order to reduce the air bubbles the process of compaction is PERFORMED. Compaction is generally performed in two ways: by hand or by the use of vibrators.

Correct choice is (a) True

To elaborate: Because iron is a requirement for most PLANTS and animals, a wide range of FOODS provide iron. GOOD sources of dietary iron have heme-iron, as this is most easily absorbed and is not inhibited by medication or other dietary components. Three examples are red meat, poultry, and INSECTS. Non-heme sources do contain iron, though it has reduced BIOAVAILABILITY. Examples are lentils, beans, leafy vegetables, pistachios, tofu, fortified bread, and fortified breakfast cereals.