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1. AT-FIRST: This is used when we WANT to EXECUTE the statements before RECORDS are processed.
2. AT-LAST: This EVENT is used when we want to execute the statements after all records are processed.
3. AT-NEW: This event is used when we want to execute the statement before group of records are processed.
4. AT-END: This event is used when we want to execute the statements after PROCESSING of group of records.

Read lock (shared lock):

 Protects read access to an object. The read lock allows other transactions read access but not write access to the locked AREA of the table.

Write lock (exclusive lock):

Protects write access to an object. The write lock allows other transactions NEITHER read nor write access to the locked area of the table.

ENHANCED write lock (exclusive lock WITHOUT cumulation):

 Works like a write lock except that the enhanced write lock also protects from further ACCESSES from the same transaction.

Read lock (shared lock):

 Protects read access to an object. The read lock allows other transactions read access but not write access to the locked area of the table.

Write lock (exclusive lock):

Protects write access to an object. The write lock allows other transactions neither read nor write access to the locked area of the table.

Enhanced write lock (exclusive lock without cumulation):

 Works like a write lock except that the enhanced write lock also protects from further accesses from the same transaction.

There are three TYPE of buffer:

single record->it buffers only records based on select query STATEMENT.

generic buffer->it buffers all the records which MATCH to primary key and generic key

full buffer :Buffering is use for IMPROVE PERFORMANCE.

There are three type of buffer:

single record->it buffers only records based on select query statement.

generic buffer->it buffers all the records which match to primary key and generic key

full buffer :Buffering is use for improve performance.

After EXECUTING FIRST WRITE STATEMENT in start-of-selection EVENT.

After executing first write statement in start-of-selection event.

SE38

SE38

SYST table.

SYST table.

 YES.

 Yes.

1. A database interface translates SAP’s Open SQL STATEMENTS into SQL COMMANDS SPECIFIC to the database in use.
2. NATIVE SQL statements access the database directly.

We can USE TC SE93 for CREATING our own TRANSACTION CODE.

We can use TC SE93 for creating our own transaction code.

SQL Tracer is a tool used to measure the PERFORMANCE of ABAP PROGRAM.

TCODE :st05

SQL Tracer is a tool used to measure the performance of ABAP program.

Tcode :st05

 USER can create a Database table in two ways:

1.  Top-to-bottom APPROACH: In this approach, first fields are defined and later domain and data element are defined.
2.  Bottom-to-top approach: In this approach, first domain and data element are defined and later fields are defined.

 User can create a Database table in two ways:

The basic difference is database tables are stored in DB serverand the INTERNAL tables are VIRTUAL tables these are created RUN time only

Internal tables are created dynamically, the memory of internal tables is not permant memory, for internal tables the memory will be created in the application server and it is EXTERNAL memory and terminates after the PROGRAM termination.

The basic difference is database tables are stored in DB serverand the internal tables are virtual tables these are created run time only

Internal tables are created dynamically, the memory of internal tables is not permant memory, for internal tables the memory will be created in the application server and it is external memory and terminates after the program termination.

SORT ITAB.

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM itab COMPARING ALL FIELDS.

SORT itab.

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM itab COMPARING ALL FIELDS.

LockObjects USED to synchornize ACCESS of several USERS using same DATA.

LockObjects used to synchornize access of several users using same data.

DATA DICTIONARY Objects:

1. Tables
2. Views
3. DOMAIN
4. Data Element
5. Type Groups
6. Search Helps/Matchcode Objects
7. LOCK objects
8. Structures
9. Table Types.

Data Dictionary Objects:

Call By Value:creates a new memory location for use WITHIN the subroutine. The memory is freed once it leaves the subroutine, CHANGES made to the variable are not AFFECTED outside the subroutine.

Call by Reference : PASSES a pointer to the memory location. Changes to the variable within the subroutine AFFECTS the variable outside the subroutine.

Call By Value:creates a new memory location for use within the subroutine. The memory is freed once it leaves the subroutine, changes made to the variable are not affected outside the subroutine.

Call by Reference : passes a pointer to the memory location. Changes to the variable within the subroutine affects the variable outside the subroutine.

A Hot SPOT is a list AREA where the mouse pointer appears as an upright hand SYMBOL. When a user points to that area, a single click does the same thing as a double click. Hot spots are SUPPORTED from R/3 RELEASE 3.0. 

A Hot spot is a list area where the mouse pointer appears as an upright hand symbol. When a user points to that area, a single click does the same thing as a double click. Hot spots are supported from R/3 release 3.0. 

A MATCH code is a tool tip to help us to search for the data RECORDS in the system. Match codes are an efficient and user FRIENDLY search where key of a record is unknown.

A Match code is a tool tip to help us to search for the data records in the system. Match codes are an efficient and user friendly search where key of a record is unknown.

The Table attributes determine who is responsible for MAINTAINING a table and which types of access are allowed for the table.

The most important table attributes are:

1. DELIVERY class
2. Table MAINTENANCE allowed 
3. ACTIVATION type.

The Table attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of access are allowed for the table.

The most important table attributes are:

Value table is MAINTAINED at DOMAIN level in SAP. During domain creation, value range of the domain i DEFINED by specifying value table.

Value table is maintained at Domain level in SAP. During domain creation, value range of the domain i defined by specifying value table.

1. APPL0(MASTER DATA) for the data frequently accessed but RARELY updated/CHANGED.
2. APPL1(TRANSACTIONAL Data) for the data that is frequently changed.
3. APPL2(organizational Data) for customizing data that is defined/ entered during system installation and rarely changed.

You use the delivery class to control the transport of table data for an installation, upgrade, or CLIENT copy and transports between customer systems. The delivery class is also USED in the extended table maintenance.

There are the following DEVELOPMENT classes:

• A- Application table (master and TRANSACTION data).
• C- Customer table, data is only maintained by the customer.
• L- Table for storing temporary data.
• G- Customer table, SAP can insert new data records but cannot overwrite or delete existing ones. The customer namespace must be DEFINED in table TRESC. To define the customer namespace use report RDDKOR54. You can start it directly from the table maintenance by choosing Maintain Customer Namespace on the Delivery and Maintenance tab.
• E- System table with its own namespace for customer entries. The customer namespace must be defined in table TRESC. To define the customer namespace use report RDDKOR54. You can start it directly from the table maintenance by choosing Maintain Customer Namespace on the Delivery and Maintenance tab.
• S- System table, data changes have the status of program changes.
• W- System table (for example table of the development environment) whose data is transported with its own transport objects (such as R3TR PROG, R3TR TABL and so on).

You use the delivery class to control the transport of table data for an installation, upgrade, or client copy and transports between customer systems. The delivery class is also used in the extended table maintenance.

There are the following development classes: