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Genuine users of the software application undertake beta testing in a REAL environment. One type of User Acceptance Testing is beta testing. A small number of end-users of the product are given a beta version of the program in order to receive input on the product quality. Beta testing reduces the chances of a product failing and improves the product's quality by allowing customers to validate it.

Following are the different types of beta testing :

• Traditional Beta testing: Traditional Beta testing is distributing the product to the TARGET market and collecting all relevant data. This information can be used to improve the product.
• Public Beta Testing: The product is made available to the general public via web channels, and data can be gathered from anyone. Product improvements can be made based on customer input. Microsoft, for example, undertook the largest of all Beta Tests for its operating system Windows 8 PRIOR to its official release.
• Technical Beta Testing: A product is DELIVERED to a group of employees of a company and feedback/data is collected from the employees.
• Focused Beta Testing: A software product is distributed to the public for the purpose of GATHERING input on specific program features. For instance, the software's most important features.
• Post-release Beta Testing: After a software product is launched to the market, data is collected in order to improve the product for future releases.

Alpha testing is a TYPE of software testing that is used to find issues before a product is released to REAL USERS or the general public. One type of user acceptability testing is alpha testing. It is referred to as alpha testing since it is done early in the software development process, near the ending. HOMESTEAD software developers or quality assurance staff frequently undertake alpha testing. It's the final level of testing before the software is released into the real world.

Following are the objectives of alpha testing:

• The goal of alpha testing is to improve the software product by identifying flaws that were missed in prior tests.
• The goal of alpha testing is to improve the software product by identifying and addressing flaws that were missed during prior tests.
• The goal of alpha testing is to bring customers into the development process as early as possible.
• Alpha testing is used to gain a better understanding of the software's reliability during the early phases of development.

• Severity - Severity in testing refers to how MUCH of an impact it has on the computer program under test. A higher severity rating indicates that the bug/defect has a greater impact on system functionality. The severity level of a bug or defect is usually determined by a Quality Assurance engineer.
• Priority - The order in which a fault should be repaired is referred to as a priority. The higher the priority, the faster the problem should be fixed. Flaws that render the software system unworkable are prioritized over defects that affect only a tiny portion of the software's functionality.

The following table lists the differences between priority and severity -

Following are the roles and responsibilities of a Software Development ENGINEER in Test (SDET) :

• SDETs should be able to automate tests and set up frameworks on a variety of platforms, INCLUDING web, mobile, and desktop.
• Investigate customer issues that have been referred to you by the technical support staff.
• Create and manage bug reports, as well as interact with the rest of the team.
• Ability to create various test scenarios and acceptability tests.
• SDET is responsible for handling technical discussions with Partners in order to gain a better understanding of the client's systems or APIs.
• SDET also works with DEPLOYMENT teams to RESOLVE any system-level difficulties.
• SDETs should also be able to create, maintain, and run test automation frameworks.

Following are the do’s for a good bug report :

• When you're finished, read your report. Make sure it's clear, concise, and SIMPLE to understand.
• Don't allow any opportunity for ambiguity by being as clear as possible.
• Do TEST the problem a few times to see if there are any superfluous procedures.
• Include any workarounds or additional procedures you've discovered that cause the problem to behave differently in your report.
• Check to see if the bug has previously been reported. If it has, please leave a comment on the bug with your information.
• Do reply to requests for further information from developers.

Following are the don’ts for a good bug report :

• DO NOT submit a report that contains more than one bug. When there are numerous bugs in the report, keeping track of their progress and dependencies becomes difficult.
• DO NOT be judgmental or accusatory. Bugs are unavoidable, yet they aren't always simple to fix.
• DO NOT try to figure out what's causing the bug. Stick to the facts to avoid sending the developer on a wild goose hunt.
• Anything that isn't a bug should be posted. Developers appreciate hearing from you, but sending information to the wrong channel will just block their WORKFLOW and cause DELAYS.

Following are the elements of a bug report :

• TITLE - A good title is simple, concise, and provides a description of the bug to the developer. It should include the bug's categorization, the app component where the bug happened (e.g. Cart, UI, etc. ), and the activity or conditions in which the bug occurred. A clear title makes it easier for the developer to find the report and distinguishes duplicate reports, making problem triaging much easier.
• SEVERITY AND PRIORITY -  The severity of an issue is determined by its severity. The severity levels and definitions vary amongst programme developers, and even more so between developers, testers, and end-users who are unaware of these distinctions. The standard categorization is as follows:
  • Critical/Blocker: This category is reserved for faults that render the application useless or result in significant data loss.
  • High: When a bug affects a major feature and there is no workaround or the remedy that is provided is extremely complicated.
  • Medium: The bug affects a minor or significant feature, but there is a simple enough fix to AVOID major discomfort.
  • Low: This is for defects that have a modest impact on the user experience, such as minor visual bugs.
• DESCRIPTION -This is a concise summary of the bug, including how and when it occurred. This section should contain additional INFORMATION than the title, such as the frequency with which the bug happens if it is an intermittent error and the situations that appear to trigger it. It contains information about how the bug is impacting the application.
• ENVIRONMENT - Apps can behave in a variety of ways depending on their surroundings. This section should contain all of the information about the app's environment setup and settings.
• REPRO STEPS - This should include the bare essentials for reproducing the bug. The steps should ideally be short, easy, and accessible to ANYBODY. The goal is for the developer to be able to reproduce the error on their end in order to figure out what's wrong. A bug report without repro steps is useless and wastes time and effort that could be better spent resolving more complete reports; make sure to convey this to your testers and in a way that your end-users understand.
• ACTUAL RESULT -  This is what the tester or user saw as a result or output.
• EXPECTED RESULT - This is the anticipated or planned consequence or output.
• ATTACHMENTS - Attachments can assist the developer find the problem faster; a screenshot of the problem can explain a lot, especially when the problem is visual. Logs and other incredibly USEFUL attachments can at the very least PUT the developer in the proper direction.
• CONTACT DETAILS -  If any additional information regarding the issue is required, an e-mail address where you may contact the user who submitted the bug should be provided. Getting the user to react to emails might be difficult, so you should consider giving alternative communication routes that are less of a hassle for the user to enhance efficiency.

A bug report is a detailed report which explains what is INCORRECT and needs to be fixed in software or on a website. The report includes a request and/or DETAILS for how to address each issue, as well as a list of causes or noticed faults to point out exactly what is perceived as wrong. Bug REPORTS are a technique to inform DEVELOPERS about parts of their code that aren't behaving as expected or designed, allowing them to see which parts of their software NEED to be improved. This can be a difficult effort for the developer, and without enough information, it is nearly impossible. Fortunately, testers may make this process considerably easier by producing high-quality bug reports that include all of the information a developer might need to locate the problem.

Code inspection is a sort of STATIC testing that involves inspecting software code and looking for flaws. It simplifies the initial error detection procedure, lowering the defect multiplication ratio and avoiding subsequent stage error detection. This code inspection is actually PART of the application evaluation procedure.

Following are the key steps involved in code inspection :

• An Inspection team's primary members are the Moderator, Reader, Recorder, and Author.
• The inspection team receives related documents, prepares the inspection meeting, and coordinates with the inspection team members.
• If the inspection team is unfamiliar with the project, the author GIVES them an overview of the project and its code.
• Following that, each inspection team conducts a code inspection using inspection checklists.
• Conduct a meeting with all team members after the code inspection is completed to discuss the code that was inspected.

Following are the advantages of Code Inspection :

• Code Inspection ENHANCES the overall quality of the product.
• It finds bugs and flaws in software code.
• In any event, it marks any PROCESS improvement.
• It finds and removes functional defects in a timely and effective manner.
• It aids in the correction of prior flaws.

Ad hoc testing is a type of unstructured or informal software testing that seeks to interrupt the testing PROCESS in order to uncover POTENTIAL defects or errors as soon as feasible. Ad hoc testing is a type of testing that is done at random and is usually an unplanned activity that does not use any documentation or test DESIGN methodologies to construct test cases. 

Ad-hoc testing is done on any portion of the application at random and does not follow any standardized testing procedures. The primary goal of this testing is to detect PROBLEMS through random inspection. ERROR Guessing, a software testing approach, can be used to perform ad hoc testing. People with adequate familiarity with the system can "predict" the most likely source of errors, which is known as error guessing. This testing does not necessitate any paperwork, planning, or procedure. Because this testing seeks to detect faults through a random technique, defects will not be mapped to test cases if there is no documentation. This means that reproducing errors can be difficult at times because there are no test processes or requirements associated with them.

Tester: A tester is someone who performs software testing in order to find flaws. The tester additionally examines several features of the software. The tester is unaware of the software development PROCESS. A tester examines the software to see whether it contains any faults or flaws.

The FOLLOWING table lists the differences between an SDET and a MANUAL Tester: