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Answer:

Abstract

Background:

On August 6, 2010, in the dark of the midnight, there were flash floods due to cloud burst in Leh in Ladakh region of North India. It rained 14 inches in 2 hours, causing loss of human life and destruction. The civil HOSPITAL of Leh was badly DAMAGED and rendered dysfunctional. Search and rescue operations were launched by the Indian Army immediately after the disaster. The injured and the dead were shifted to Army Hospital, Leh, and mass casualty management was started by the army doctors while relief work was mounted by the army and civil administration.

Objective:

The present study was done to document disaster management strategies and approaches and to assesses the impact of flash floods on human lives, health hazards, and future implications of a natural disaster.

MATERIALS and Methods:

The approach used was both quantitative as well as qualitative. It included data collection from the primary sources of the district collectorate, interviews with the district civil administration, health officials, and army officials who organized rescue operations, restoration of communication and transport, mass casualty management, and informal discussions with local residents.

Results:

234 persons died and over 800 were REPORTED missing. Almost half of the people who died were local residents (49.6%) and foreigners (10.2%). Age-wise analysis of the deaths shows that the majority of deaths were reported in the age group of 25–50 years, accounting for 44.4% of deaths, followed by the 11–25-year age group with 22.2% deaths. The gender analysis showed that 61.5% were males and 38.5% were females. A further analysis showed that more females died in the age groups <10 years and ≥50 years.

Conclusions:

Disaster preparedness is critical, particularly in natural disasters. The Army's immediate search, rescue, and relief operations and mass casualty management effectively and efficiently mitigated the impact of flash floods, and restored normal life.

Keywords: Disaster management, humanitarian assistance, mass casualty management

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Introduction

In the midnight of August 6, 2010, Leh in Ladakh region of North India received a heavy downpour. The cloud burst occurred all of a sudden that CAUGHT everyone unawares. Within a short span of about 2 h, it recorded a rainfall of 14 inches. There were flash floods, and the Indus River and its tributaries and waterways were overflowing. As many as 234 people were killed, 800 were injured, and many went missing, perhaps washed away with the gorging rivers and waterways. There was vast destruction all around. Over 1000 houses collapsed. Men, women, and children were buried under the debris. The local communication networks and transport services were severely affected. The main telephone exchange and mobile network system (BSNL), which was the lifeline in the far-flung parts of the region, was completely destroyed. Leh airport was flooded and the runway was covered with debris, making it non-functional. Road transport was badly disrupted as roads were washed away and blocked with debris at many places. The civil medical and health facilities were also severely affected, as the lone district civil hospital was flooded and filled with debris.

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Materials and Methods

The present case study is based on the authors’ own experience of managing a natural disaster caused by the flash floods. The paper presents a firsthand description of a disaster and its prompt management. The data was collected from the records of the district civil administration, the civil hospital, and the Army Hospital, Leh. The approach used was both quantitative as well as qualitative. It included data collection from the primary sources of the district collectorate, interviews with the district civil administration and army officials who organized rescue operations, restoration of communication, and transport, mass casualty management, and informal discussions with local residents.

Disaster management strategies

Three core disaster management strategies were adopted to manage the crisis. These strategies included: i) Response, rescue, and relief operations, ii) Mass casualty management, and iii) Rehabilitation.

Answer:

HUMAN body is CHANGING ACCORDING to SEASONS

Answer:

Our EARTH is covered with water all around.

Almost 70%-80% of earth's crust is covered by it.

But only 2%-3% water is drinkable.

It is very ESSENTIAL to preserve drinkable water.

Not only HUMAN beings but plants and our ANIMAL also need water to survive.

We should save the water not for present but for the future life also.

Answer:

In environmental CHEMISTRY, the chemical OXYGEN demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. ... The most COMMON application of COD is in quantifying the amount of OXIDIZABLE POLLUTANTS found in surface water (e.g. lakes and rivers) or wastewater.

Healthy eating means eating a variety types of foods that GIVE us the nutrients which we need to maintain our health.

Good nutrition is an IMPORTANT part of leading a healthy lifestyle. 

HIGH blood pressure and cholesterol can be a symptom of too MUCH salt and saturated fats in your diet.

Healthy food and healthy food habits keep us hale and hearty.

burning of wood and coal cause damage to ozone layer.when they burn they release VARIOUS harmful gases which LEADS to cause various helath problems to people.even in some cases people are die due to this problem.this causes an INCREASE in earth's TEMPERATURE and causes global warming..

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Explanation:

Sunhemp Crop Information | APNI Kheti

Sunhemp is green manure as well as fiber crop. GET information about climatic conditions , sowing time, SOIL PREPARATION for this crop in ... For seed production sow crop in June month

Plants could help cool down the warming world through their own climate change response, according to a new study. Trees and other plants are known to emit volatile organic compounds in response to stress--heck, they even make noise--but it's unclear whether this affects the environment.

Some aerosols--small atmospheric particles--can contribute to cooling because they help FORM clouds, which reflect sunlight. The albedo effect from increased cloud cover contributes to cooler temperatures. But the role of plant aerosols in this process was not well understood.

To investigate this, Finnish researchers collected data from forests in 11 locations around Earth. They measured aerosol concentrations, plant gases, average temperatures, and the height of something called the boundary layer, which is where aerosols and atmospheric gases mix together.

They found that plant emissions do impact climate warming, but only by a tiny degree. GLOBALLY, enhanced plant emissions COUNTER about 1 percent of global warming. In forested areas where plants are concentrated, the effect is a more meaningful 30 percent, however. That could mean heavily treed areas--like the BOREAL forests of Canada, Siberia and Finland--could warm up more slowly than heavily populated areas in more southerly latitudes.

The exact ramifications of plant emissions are still incredibly complex, but the researchers point out that theirs is the first study to quantify it at all. "In estimates of anthropogenic climate change and the effects of aerosol-related air quality directives, the response of the biosphere has to be considered," they write. Their paper is published this week in Nature Geoscience.

Plants could help cool down the warming world through their own climate change response, according to a new study. Trees and other plants are known to emit volatile organic compounds in response to stress--heck, they even make noise--but it's unclear whether this affects the environment.

Some aerosols--small atmospheric particles--can contribute to cooling because they help form clouds, which reflect sunlight. The albedo effect from increased cloud cover contributes to cooler temperatures. But the role of plant aerosols in this process was not well understood.

To investigate this, Finnish researchers collected data from forests in 11 locations around Earth. They measured aerosol concentrations, plant gases, average temperatures, and the height of something called the boundary layer, which is where aerosols and atmospheric gases mix together.

They found that plant emissions do impact climate warming, but only by a tiny degree. Globally, enhanced plant emissions counter about 1 percent of global warming. In forested areas where plants are concentrated, the effect is a more meaningful 30 percent, however. That could mean heavily treed areas--like the boreal forests of Canada, Siberia and Finland--could warm up more slowly than heavily populated areas in more southerly latitudes.

The exact ramifications of plant emissions are still incredibly complex, but the researchers point out that theirs is the first study to quantify it at all. "In estimates of anthropogenic climate change and the effects of aerosol-related air quality directives, the response of the biosphere has to be considered," they write. Their paper is published this week in Nature Geoscience.

the ENVIRONMENT GET more POLLUTED

Explanation:

AIR act 1981 was ENACTED for PREVENTION, control and abatement of air pollution. the functions of central and state BOARD are as follow.

Answer:

Environmental science today COVERS, how living and nonliving THINGS interact. It INVOLVES a lot of discipline and fields of study such as physics,biology, chemistry, GEOGRAPHY, oceanography, etc. ... Environmental science is important to save our WORLD from destruction

ANSWER:

there are 5 types of pollution first noise pollution second air pollution third land pollution fourth water pollution

Explanation:

an explanation in law of noise pollution in noise pollution there was a there was a people creating noise in traffic SIGNAL and many more ways to CREATE a noise pollution like playing the SPEAKERS of injuries shaadi very loud and making them problems

In air pollution people's creates sound in traffic by their vehicles and not having their vehicles in traffic signals by

Answer:

1.three people DIED in tsunami

2. DUE to volcanic eruption LAVA SPREAD over the VILLAGE

ANSWER -

FOR THE MOON TO BE VISIBLE DURING THE DAY, IT MUST BE UP IN THE SKY AT THE SAME TIME AS THE SUN, BUT NOT SO CLOSE TO THE SUN IN THE SKY THAT YOU CAN'T SEE IT . THE FULL MOON RISES AT SUNSET, IS UP ALL NIGHT, AND SETS AT SUNRISE, SO YOU CAN SEE A FULL MOON IN THE DAYTIME.

IN BRIEF IT IS ALL BECAUSE OF THE REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH.

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The clouds formed by cindensation are an intricate and critical component of earth's environment.

Clouds formed in the atmosphere bcoz air containing WATER vapour rises and COOL.

The key to this process is that air NEAR the earth's surface is warmed by solar RADIATIONS.

sun looks reddish at sunrise and sunset due to this reason

during sunrise and sunset the Ray have to travel a larger part of ATMOSPHERE because they are very CLOSE to the horizon. therefore, light other than red is MOSTLY scattered away most of the red light which is the LEAST scattered enters our eyes .

hence the sun and the atmosphere looks red during sun rise and sunset.

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Answer:

due to various industries , lots of VEHICLES PRODUCES HARMFUL gases

ANSWER:

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION.

ANSWER:

The TAIL of VERNIER caliper.

Explanation:

Answer:

FRINGE areas, ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS and Climate Change ... SPECIFICALLY, urban ecosystems and climate change are often not fully integrated into more traditional urban planning.

Answer:

Manures are NATURAL fertilizers. They are bulky sources of organic matter which supply nutrients in SMALL quantities but organic matter in large quantities.

Manures are prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste. Manures include farmyard manure (FYM), compost, GREEN manure etc.

Organic manures are composed of dead plant and animal remains and contain plant nutrients. They are applied to the soil to increase crop production. Farmyard manures from cow or buffalo  dung, compost made from PLANTS, leaves and kitchen waste, and leguminous crops used as green  manures are some examples of organic manures.

Explanation:

Our Moon doesn't have an atmosphere because it is too small and doesn't have a strong magnetic field. Any atmosphere itmight have had WOULD be stripped away by the SOLAR WIND that BARRAGES the small WORLD. In contrast, our planet has more mass to hold its atmosphere close, and a strong magnetic field to protect it.

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ANSWER:

water pollution is indeed a very SERIOUS concern because it not only has an impact on health and but also can have negative effects on various industries and agriculture. It is therefore highly important to DEVISE methods to REDUCE the level of water pollution that we are currently FACING.

<P>Accumulation of fossil fuels and metallic minerals in active and ancient rift lakes. In: P. Morgan and B.H. ... Postdepositional processes in rifts INCLUDE HIGH heat flow and a resulting CONCENTRATION of the organic and metallic components that were dispersed throughout the lakebeds.

Answer:

Explanation:

In China (Province of Taiwan) exposure to arsenic via drinking-water has been shown to cause a severe DISEASE of the blood vessels, which leads to gangrene, known as 'black foot disease'. ... However, studies in several countries have demonstrated that arsenic CAUSES other, LESS severe forms of PERIPHERAL VASCULAR disease.

ANSWER:

Alluvial SOIL is generally found in DELTA REGION of Andhra Pradesh.

Explanation:

CFC 11

CFC 11, or R-11 has the maximum potential amongst chlorocarbons because of the presence of three chlorine atoms in the molecule. The first proposal of ODP came from Wuebbles in 1983. It was defined as a MEASURE of destructive effects of a substance compared to a REFERENCE substance.

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Answer...

(1) Control DEVICES for Particulate Pollutants

(2) Control Devices for Gaseous Pollutants and

(3) Control Devices for Volatile Organic COMPOUNDS (VOCs).

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ANSWER:

jaher KA lo KYA YAR bacco se sawal

ANSWER:

IT'S MEASURED IN FREQUENCY

Answer:

the activity which CAUSE the most WATER polloution is

licking of DIESEL in ships

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EXPLANATION:

OPTION (D) all of the above

ANSWER:

both

Explanation:

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EXPLANATION:

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ANSWER:

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Explanation:

the larval stage is the most active stage

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the environment.

What Are the Causes of Water Pollution?

Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution. Known as a “universal solvent,” water is able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on earth. It’s the reason we have Kool-Aid and brilliant blue waterfalls. It’s also why water is so easily polluted. Toxic substances from farms, towns, and factories readily dissolve into and mix with it, causing water pollution.

Categories of Water Pollution

Groundwater

When rain falls and seeps deep into the earth, filling the cracks, crevices, and POROUS spaces of an aquifer (BASICALLY an underground storehouse of water), it becomes groundwater—one of our least visible but most important natural resources. Nearly 40 percent of Americans rely on groundwater, pumped to the earth’s surface, for drinking water. For some folks in rural areas, it’s their only freshwater source. Groundwater gets polluted when contaminants—from pesticides and fertilizers to waste leached from landfills and septic systems—make their way into an aquifer, rendering it unsafe for human use. Ridding groundwater of contaminants can be difficult to impossible, as well as COSTLY. Once polluted, an aquifer may be unusable for decades, or even thousands of years. Groundwater can also spread contamination far from the original polluting source as it seeps into streams, lakes, and oceans.

Surface water

Covering about 70 percent of the earth, surface water is what FILLS our oceans, lakes, rivers, and all those other blue bits on the world map. Surface water from freshwater sources (that is, from sources other than the ocean) accounts for more than 60 percent of the water delivered to American homes. But a significant pool of that water is in peril. ACCORDING to the most recent surveys on national water quality from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nearly half of our rivers and streams and more than one-third of our lakes are polluted and unfit for swimming, fishing, and drinking. Nutrient pollution, which includes nitrates and phosphates, is the leading type of contamination in these freshwater sources. While plants and animals need these nutrients to grow, they have become a major pollutant due to farm waste and fertilizer runoff. Municipal and industrial waste discharges contribute their fair share of toxins as well. There’s also all the random junk that industry and individuals dump directly into waterways.

Ocean water

Eighty percent of ocean pollution (also called marine pollution) originates on land—whether along the coast or far inland. Contaminants such as chemicals, nutrients, and heavy metals are carried from farms, factories, and cities by streams and rivers into our bays and estuaries; from there they travel out to sea. Meanwhile, marine debris—particularly plastic—is blown in by the wind or washed in via storm drains and sewers. Our seas are also sometimes spoiled by oil spills and leaks—big and small—and are consistently soaking up carbon pollution from the air. The ocean absorbs as much as a quarter of man-made carbon emissions.

Point source

When contamination originates from a single source, it’s called point source pollution. Examples include wastewater (also called effluent) discharged legally or illegally by a manufacturer, oil refinery, or wastewater treatment facility, as well as contamination from leaking septic systems, chemical and oil spills, and illegal dumping. The EPA regulates point source pollution by establishing limits on what can be discharged by a facility directly into a body of water. While point source pollution originates from a specific place, it can affect miles of waterways and ocean.

Nonpoint source

Nonpoint source pollution is contamination derived from diffuse sources. These may include agricultural or stormwater runoff or debris blown into waterways from land. Nonpoint source pollution is the leading cause of water pollution in U.S. waters, but it’s difficult to regulate, since there’s no single, identifiable culprit.

Transboundary

It goes without saying that water pollution can’t be contained by a line on a map. Transboundary pollution is the result of contaminated water from one country spilling into the waters of another. Contamination can result from a disaster—like an oil spill—or the slow, downriver creep of industrial, agricultural, or municipal discharge.

there are a number of uses of METALS... it can be USED as ornaments, in FACTORIES, FURNITURE, doors etc

ANSWER:

CARDAMOM

Explanation:

cardamom SEEDS are USED as SPICE

Answer:

The campaign WORLD Environment Day was established in 1972 by the United Nations GENERAL Assembly. It is celebrated every year in the month of June on 5th DATE. It was declared as an annual campaign at the opening of STOCKHOLM Conference on the Human Environment to address the environmental issues in near future. It was designed by the United Nations as a main tool creating worldwide awareness regarding hot environment issues. The main objectives of this campaign set by the United Nations was to give people a real face of environmental issues and empower them to become active agents eco-friendly development all over the world.

It is to promote people to change their attitude towards the environment for making a safe future. State level activities based on theme are organized by the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment in order to celebrate the World Environment Day. The theme for World Environment Day celebration 2016 was “Fight against the Illegal Trade in Wildlife”.

Explanation:

The TERM food chain refers to the sequence of events in an ecosystem, where one organism eats ANOTHER and then is eaten by another organism. ... When an organism uses those sources to make food, it starts the food chain.

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Explanation:

• Biodegradable substances include FOOD scraps, cotton, wool, wood, human and animal WASTE, MANUFACTURED products based on NATURAL materials (such as paper, tree products and vegetable-oil based soap

Answer:

dhl V ngfbmlg mignk. vmmvg njocdb ghnvfvn hhdbk hjgfdbk hnfdbm vhincdt bmiuvx GB m vghkn C hu LM vcdyin cdt U'll

Answer: wheat NEEDS lot of STANDING WATER to GROW.

Global WARMING is increase in earth's temperature.

So during SUMMER it increases ORIGINAL temperature .

In winter it again wont allow the temperature to decrease so MUCH.

Leveller MEANS a person or THING that levels ANYTHING and if you like my ANSWER please mark me as brainlist

Explanation:

Thank you for this question. Please find the answer below:

As a result of meeting a POLITICAL leader/social WORKER, the issues he/she talked about were the following;

(i) ECONOMIC development.

(ii) Social development.

(iii) Population Growth.

(iv) Protection of ANIMALS.

According to the political leader/social worker, the solution of this was a stable government. He/She wanted to form a government that had expertise in the certain FIELDS. He/She believed that it was important to reduce the economic divide. He/She argued that India was one of the biggest economies in the world but the rate of poverty was high too. He/She believed that it was important to create equal social, economic and political opportunities.

He said the ecosystem was to be protected for the betterment of the environment. The people needed to know sustainable development and it was the core of the society.

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Explanation:

MEASURES taken by government to CONTROL MAN made DISASTERS are as follow

The burning of fossil fuels LEADS to release of harmful products into the ENVIRONMENT. An increase in the consumption of FUEL leads to harmful effects on the environment. Following points will clearly depict these effects: Carbon fuels such as WOOD, coal, PETROLEUM release unburnt carbon particles in the environment.

ANSWER:

AVERAGE is ODD ONE the answer is

ANSWER:

water pollution in a river is measured by the DISSOLVED AMOUNT of A CHLO water pollution in a river is measured by the dissolved amount of A CHLORINE B ozone...