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of less experienced ELIGIBLE voters tests relationships among cynicism toward the POLITICAL system, negativism toward campaigns, apathy toward political participation, third‐person perceptions for political polling and advertising, voting efficacy and voting intentions. Cynicism and negativity are positively associated with third‐person perceptions, which is related to GREATER voting efficacy and voting intent. Cynicism has both negative and positive associations with voting efficacy. Apathy is related to reduced voting efficacy, with efficacy positively associated with voting intentions. It is concluded that some negative feelings about politics serve to heighten, rather than DAMPEN, young voters’ intent to participate in the ELECTIVE process. It appears that the voters who believe they can see through the lies they believe they are being told by politicians via the media are more apt to think their participation can make a difference.

tion:The Muslim community is MADE up primarily of Sri Lankan Moors, MALAYS and smaller religious groups. Other religious minorities, including Parsis and Baha'i, are also PRESENT in the country in smaller numbers. ACCORDING to the 2012 Census, the majority of the population are Sinhalese (74.9 PER cent).

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al science is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the ANALYSIS of POLITICAL ACTIVITIES, political THOUGHTS, and political behavior. It deals extensively with the theory and PRACTICE of politics which is commonly thought of as determining of the distribution of power and resources.HOPE IT HELP YOU

al Impact of GlobalisationGlobalisation has deep and wide impact on every sector of ECONOMY and section of society in almost every country. Some of the ways it has impacted the political field of them are as follows· Penetration of Global/Outreach of Local Entities: Global state and non-state actors are increasingly penetrating those domains which were henceforth exclusively reserved for the domestic state machinery. Not only interfere in the policy formulation but are now acting direct through their nongovernmental organizations in domestic policy implementation. Centres of actual power and decision making are shifting from local to global level with the outreach of domestic INTERESTS groups to their sympathizers in international organizations, multinational corporations and those in the governments of global powers. This outreach enables them to force their own GOVERNMENT to accede to their demands because of economic and political clout of the global players.· Globalization of Local/Localization of Global Events: Thanks to social and electronic media, small issues which a decade or so ago could only find place in the back page of a national newspaper become breaking news in major global channels creating advocacy and sympathy movements in different parts of the world. Arab spring started from a small incident but swept the country after country. with the rapidly globalizing world, global issues like environmental degradation, climate change, GMO, etc which were only discussed in the corridors of power are being debated in the drawing rooms of countries and creating strong advocacy movements among the population· Revolution of Rising Expectations: First Revolution of Rising Expectations followed the start of de-colonisation process in 1950s/60s when citizens of newly-independent nation-states expected too much too soon from their inexperienced leaders and bankrupt states. New generations of those old guards now have access to see the lifestyles of the West through media/travel and demand same rights and amenities from their respective ruling elites. However, these states are still struggling with their perennial problems of shortages and solvency, unable to meet their demands. Hence the periodic uprisings in these countries-Colour Revolutions/Arab Spring/Iranian Uprising etc· Clash of Cultural Identities: Two streams going side by side-cultural assimilation at elite level and cultural clashes at street level. Domestically, people becoming more conscious of their cultural identities in the face of cultural invasion of Pax Americana. Similarly, those who migrate to Europe/USA TRY to preserve their identities by living in ethnic enclaves. Their non-acceptance by social classes COUPLED with state inaction to mainstream them through affirmative action marginalise them. Becoming breeding grounds of dissatisfaction, prompting some to become radicalised, even terrorist. This becomes self-fulfilling prophesy for those who believe in Clash of Civilisation thesis instead of End of History narrative· Conversion of International Borders into Boundaries: International borders of the countries, whether drawn by design or by default, have been changing throughout the history for one reason or other. Peace of Westphalia provided them sanctity but not inviolability-they kept on changing albeit at reduced frequency. Globalization is changing the nature of the sanctity attached to these borders- by dispensing with the strict border controls and allowing hassle-free movement of people from one country to another, governments are themselves converting them into boundaries, rather lines drawn on maps, instead of bordersHOPE IT HELP YOU

al theory is a subdivision of the study of politics. It is a contested expression in that political theorists have failed to reach a consensus on an all-encompassing definition as any such definition is bound to alienate someone. Theorists have tried to bring some exactness to the contested concepts so that one can provide convincing arguments for the particular social arrangements aimed. However, John Plamenatz defined political theory as the systematic thinking about the PURPOSES of government (Farrelly, 2004). The expression Political Theory is composed of two words, ‘Politics’ and ‘Theory’. Politicsliterally means the study of politics and it is about conflict of interest and its resolution which occurs at every level of the society. Theory is anything from a plan to a piece of abstract knowledge. In academic discourse, however, a theory is an explanatory proposition, an idea or set of ideas that in some way seeks to impose order or meaning upon phenomena (Heywood, 2004). This paper therefore seeks to discuss what political theory is.The role of political theory is to analyze the political concepts, understand and criticize them through the use of the four tools: concepts, models, theories and paradigms. Concept is a general idea about something usually expressed in a single word or short phrase that draws out meaning from an otherwise infinitely complex reality, for example; equality, presidency, political PARTY, power, social class, rights, law, etc. (Heywood, 2004). It helps to make sense of the world by serving as a tool for thinking, criticizing, arguing, explaining and analyzing political developments and to classify objects by recognizing that they have similar forms or properties, hence concepts serve as building blocks of human knowledge. Model is a representation of empirical data that aims to advance understanding by highlighting significant relationships and interactions among variables, for example; systems analysis, public choice, game theory, etc. Models are built around a number of concepts to aptly resemble the original object without necessarily becoming its copy. A Theory is an explanation and prediction of relationships among specific variables, for example; pluralism, elitism, functionalism, etc. It is usually used interchangeably with model and may be explained by a series of models. A theory attempts to present a full explanation and prediction of future events while a model attempts to accurately reflect reality. Paradigm is an intellectual framework comprising interrelated values, theories and assumptions, within which search for knowledge is conducted. It consists of a set of principles that structure the process of intellectual INQUIRY, for example; liberalism, Marxism, feminism, etc.According to Heywood (2004), political theory was broadly defined to include normative theory and systematic theory. Normative theory contains the history of political ideas and the continuous generation of new ideas about what society ought to be. It is concerned with ethical or normative questions, such as why should I obey the state, how should rewards be distributed and what should be the limits of individual liberty. This traditional approach is primarily interested in examining how thinkers developed and justified their views, and the intellectual context in which they worked. Systematic theory includes the explanation and understanding of the existing society and enables one to make projections for the possible future transformations. Given this difference in the definition of political theory, it is not easy to reach a compromise on the definition. Political theory involves analytical study of ideas and doctrines that have been central to political thought unlike Political Philosophy which is concerned with the critical evaluation of political beliefs, paying attention to both inductive and deductive forms of reasoning and to clarify and refine the concepts employed in political discourse. It has attempted to understand better the behavior of actors like voters, politicians, lobbyists and bureaucrats, and has spawned rational choice, public choice and social choice schools of thought (Heywood, 2004).Hoffman and Graham, in their BOOK, Introduction to Political Theory, EXPLAIN that political theory takes account of activity that focuses on the states that are formed by political parties through elections to govern a country. In everyday life, we are guided by notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice, so that everything we do is informed by concepts, just like politicians. Humans in general cannot work without ideas as it is a defining property of human activity that we can only act when we have ideas in our head as to what we should do (Hoffman et al., 2009)hope it helps

a right wing-organisation. BJP was/is a right-wing PARTY. Left-wing politics are political positions or ACTIVITIES that accept or support social EQUALITY, often in opposition to social HIERARCHY and social inequality.please mark me as brainliest

n cause of rise of NAZISM and FASCISM in Europe was the DISCONTENTMENT of the treaty of VERSAILLES

ormed on 2october 2012 and it is being RULED by ARVIND KEJRIWAL

ational RIGHT because everyone has the right to free and compulsory elementary education b) right to EQUALITY because every citizen of the country has the right to get equal rights IRRESPECTIVE of gender ,caste and religion and without any discrimination C) right to compulsory elementary education because every child till the age of 14 years has the right to get educated d)here the right to FREEDOM is being exploited because everyone is allowed to move and live where ever they want. e) right against exploitation because it opposes all form of forced labor

e !!!=>> there major CHALLENGE is that how to TAKE votes from the CITIZENS of the country....Hope this HELPS you @saininanowalia

hat I KNOW only 7 question 's answer ans/ a feminist MOVEMENT is an AGITATION gor providing equal opportunities and JOBS to both man and woman to have a balance b/w them

ision of power between theCentral and State Governments is done in a THREE fold distribution of legislative powers between the UnionGovernment and the State Government. ... (iii) CONCURRENT List It INCLUDES those subjects which are of common interest to both the Centralas WELL as State Governmentshope it helps you

6 FUNDAMENTAL rights granted to citizens by GOVT of INDIA

MATE ❤️❤️❤️ HERE IS UR ANSWER..JUDICIARY HAS THE POWER TO MAKE CHANGES IN THE CONSTITUTION...HOPE THIS WILL HELP YOU ❤️ ❤️STAY BLESSED ❤️ ❤️❤️❤️

Trudeau Is The PM Of CANADA

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ustice has four majordimensions: Social JUSTICE, EconomicJustice, Political Justice and Legal Justice.I hope the ANSWER is clearIf you like it FOLLOW mePls mark me as BRAINLIST#Nisha

ve principles are INCORPORATED in PART IV of the CONSTITUTION under article 36 to 51.

are the CLAIMS of the PERSON over other FELLOW BEINGS.

mber 1928 the attainment of self GOVERNMENT was declared

S EQUALITY AMONG CITIZENSENHANCE THE DINNITY OF INDIVIDUALIMPROVES QUALITY OF DECISION MAKINGPROVIDES A METHOD TO RESOLVE CONFLICTSALLOW ROOM TO CORRECT MISTAKESPLEASE MARK ME AS BRAINLIEST AND FOLLOW ME

end...your QUESTION is very intresting...According to me for improving self confidence we should FIRST adopt self acceptance. No one in this WORLD is same. All are different.So,don't compare.For EXAMPLE you can't compare mango and apple because both are different and good in themselves.As you will STOP comparing,you will feel powerful and that's self confidence...Happiness and sad are two aspects of the same coin. If happiness comes sadness will also come and if sadness comes happiness will also come...so let the stress aside and live your life because we get only one life...Hope it helps..

S DUE to SEEING ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER

rehere is UR answer,The PHRASE of economic justice FOUND in Indian Constitution in Preamble, DIRECTIVE Principles.hope it will help u☺️☺️☺️

es ,here is ur ANSWER,The Indian NATIONAL Congress, on 19 December 1929, passed the historic 'Purna Swaraj' – (total independence) resolution – at its Lahore session. A public declaration was made on 26 January 1930 – a day which theCongress Party urged Indians to CELEBRATE as 'Independence Day'.I HOPE it is HELPFUL for u ☺️☺️

e!The current DEFENCE MINISTER of India is NIRMALA Sitharaman.Hope it HELPS...

ution plays an imporyant role it safe guards all minorities and gives reservation to TJE WEAKER section . It gives equal rights to everyone . it does not shows any PARTIALITY to anyone. all people are equal in eyes of india COSTITUTION.

ta...here is ur answer❤️❤️❤️Answer:Pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics in a variety of ways:They try to GAIN public support and SYMPATHY for their goals and their activity by carrying out information campaigns, organising MEETINGS, file petitions, etc.They often organise protests like STRIKES or disrupting programmes.hope it helpa u❤️❤️❤️

nd Kashmir  is a state in northern India. It is located mostly in the Himalayan mountains, and shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an international border with China in the north and east, and the Line of Control separates it from the Pakistan-controlled territories of Azad Kashmir.Jammu and Kashmir consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir VALLEY and Ladakh , and is further divided into 22 districts. Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital. The Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, and Jammu's numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims EVERY year. Ladakh, also known as "Little Tibet", is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture.In Jammu and Kashmir, the principal spoken languages are Kashmiri, Urdu, Dogri, Pahari, BALTI, Ladakhi, Gojri, Shina and Pashto. However, Urdu written in the Persian script is the official language of the state.Hindi is widely understood by peoples. Many speakers of these languages use Hindi or English as a second language.Every year, thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit holy shrines of VAISHNO Devi and Amarnath, which has had significant impact on the state's economy. the state government of Jammu and Kashmir established its own EDUCATION board and university. Education in the state is divided into primary, middle, high secondary, college and university level. Jammu and Kashmir follows the 10+2 pattern for education of children. This is handled by Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education.

...Here is ur ANSWER....GINNING MILL IS A TYPE OF FACTOY IN WHICH COTTON FIBRES ARE SEPERATED FROM THEIR SEEDS.....HOPE THIS HELPS U..... ☺☺✌✌

rst to tum brainly pe dhyan DENA chod do or padai karne lag jao specially SS me. Read the books thoroughly and read one ss chapter daily. give two days for each chapter on first day read the summary and on other day read the QUESTION answer within 50 days you will complete your ss portion.^_^^_^ HOPE IT HELPS ^_^^_^

ften called the Congress Party or simply Congress) is a broadly based political party in India.[15]Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa.[a][16] From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal LEADER of the Indian independence movement.[17] Congress LED India to independence from Great Britain,[b][18][c][19] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.[d][16]Indian National CongressAbbreviationINCPresidentRahul GandhiParliamentary ChairpersonSonia Gandhi[1]Lok Sabha leaderMallikarjun Kharge[2]Rajya Sabha leaderGhulam Nabi Azad(Leader of the Opposition)[3]FounderAllan Octavian HumeDadabhai NaorojiDinshaw WachaFounded28 December 1885(133 years ago)Headquarters24, Akbar Road, New DELHI 110001[4]NewspaperCongress SandeshStudent wingNational Students Union of IndiaYouth wingIndian Youth CongressWomen's wingAll India Mahila CongressLabour wingIndian National Trade Union CongressMinority wingMinority CongressMembershipc. 20–40 million[5]IdeologySocial democracyDemocratic socialismSocial liberalismIndian nationalismHindu left[6]Swadeshi movementGandhian socialismSecularismProgressivismPolitical positionCentre-left[7]International affiliationProgressive ALLIANCE[8]Socialist International[9]Colours     Sky blue[10][11]ECI StatusNational Party[12]AllianceUnited Progressive Alliance (UPA)Seats in Lok Sabha47 / 545[13](currently 521 members + 1 Speaker)Seats in Rajya Sabha50 / 245(currently 244members)[14]Election symbol

y, POOR, NASTY, BRUTISH and SHORT

stitution and law offers a wide range of rights. Over the years, the scope of rights has expanded. Sometimes, it leads to EXPANSION in the legal rights that the citizen can enjoy. From time to time, the courts have GIVEN judgements to expand the scope of rights. Certain rights like RIGHT to Freedom of Press,Right to INFORMATION and Right to Education are derived from the Fundamental Rights.So, we can say that, rights are not LIMITED only to Fundamental Rights as enumerated in the Constitution. In fact, Constitution provides many more rights which may not be Fundamental Rights.

tember 2, 1945 - DAY the Japanese delegation FORMALLY signs the INSTRUMENT of surrender on board the USS Missouri, marking the official ending of World War II. 2,194 -- Days between the German invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, through September 2, 1945, when Japan signs the unconditional surrender.

of peoplesafeguard RIGHTS of PEOPLE

itley is our CURRENT FINANCIAL MINISTER...