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ic structure DOCTRINE is an Indian judicial principle that the Constitution of India has certain basic features that cannot be altered or destroyed through amendments by the parliament.[1] Key among these "basic features", as expounded by its most prominent proponent Justice Hans Raj Khanna, are the fundamental rights granted to individuals by the constitution.[1][2][3] The doctrine thus forms the basis of a power of the Supreme Court to review and strike down constitutional amendments and acts enacted by the Parliament which conflict with or seek to alter this "basic structure" of the Constitution. The basic features of the Constitution have not been explicitly defined by the Judiciary, and the claim of any particular feature of the Constitution to be a "basic" feature is determined by the Court in each case that comes before it. Thus it gives extra power to court to review and strike down any constitutional amendments and act enacted by the Parliament. The Apex Court's initial position on constitutional amendments was that any part of the Constitution was amendable and that the Parliament might, by passing a Constitution Amendment Act in compliance with the requirements of article 368, amend any PROVISION of the Constitution, including the Fundamental Rights and article 368. The "basic features" principle was first expounded in 1964, by Justice J.R. Mudholkar in his dissent, in the case of Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan. He wrote, It is also a matter for consideration whether making a change in a basic feature of the Constitution can be regarded merely as an amendment or would it be, in effect, rewriting a part of the Constitution; and if the LATTER, would it be within the preview of Article 368? In 1967, the Supreme Court reversed its earlier decisions in Golaknath v. State of Punjab. It held that Fundamental Rights included in Part III of the Constitution are given a "transcendental position" and are beyond the reach of Parliament. It also declared any amendment that "takes away or abridges" a Fundamental Right conferred by Part III as unconstitutional. By 1973, the basic structure doctrine triumphed in Justice Hans Raj Khanna's judgment in the landmark decision of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala.[4] Previously, the Supreme Court had held that the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution was unfettered.[1] However, in this landmark ruling, the Court adjudicated that while Parliament has "wide" powers, it did not have the power to destroy or emasculate the basic elements or fundamental features of the constitution.[5] Although Kesavananda was decided by a narrow margin of 7-6, the basic structure doctrine has since gained widespread acceptance and legitimacy due to subsequent cases and judgments. Primary among these was the IMPOSITION of a state of emergency by Indira Gandhi in 1975, and her subsequent attempt to suppress her prosecution through the 39th Amendment. When the Kesavananda case was decided, the underlying apprehension of the majority bench that elected representatives could not be trusted to act responsibly was perceived as unprecedented. However, the passage of the 39th Amendment by the Indian National Congress' majority in central and state legislatures, proved that in fact such apprehension was well-grounded. In Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain and Minerva Mills v. Union of India, Constitution Benches of the Supreme Court used the basic structure doctrine to strike down the 39th Amendment and parts of the 42nd Amendment respectively, and paved the way for restoration of Indian DEMOCRACY.[3] The Supreme Court's position on constitutional amendments laid out in its judgements is that Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot destroy its "basic structure".

❤Zero is invented by INDIAN Hindu astronomer and MATHEMATICIAN ARYABHATTA in 628.

tion:farm labourers are WORKING at reception inside the waste they GET is very low as they do work there with his daily wage is is less than 500 rupees they are paid in cash they do not get regular work they only get in some season of The Year for surviving they MUST be taking loans from anyone so maybe they would be in in depth .follow me and mark my answer as brainlist

tion: there are many ways for EXAMPLE- 1 shop keeper 2 agriculture and RELATED activities 3 the services that don't directly produce. PROVIDE services for people 4

tion:changes in IRRIGATION are in past time FARMERS were dependent on rain and nowadays irrigation is done by tube Wells dame. production changes are are in past time production was very less on the same piece of land and today using HV seed production has also INCREASED .follow me, thanks my answer, and mark my answer as BRAINLIST

The CHILDREN who come with their parents will be smart and innocent. yes, it is POSSIBLE to GO to school as they stayed with their parents they did not do anything WRONG. no, their are no provisions in the government laws for these children to EDUCATE

Explanation: Answer to the FIRST part of the question.Sugarcane is considered as a seasonal plant and is mainly grown during the months of December  to May . Sometimes it is also raised during the months of June  to SEPTEMBER. It is important that the sugarcane is crushed within 24 hours of its cutting. In CASE it is not done, the sucrose content of the sugarcane gets reduced.  This is the prime reason why  sugarcane cannot be stocked after its growing season for crushing. This is the why sugarcane cutters are only employed during the crushing season.Answer to the SECOND part of the question.During the second half of the YEAR the sugarcane cutters are forced to go back to their native land where they undertake agricultural activities.

Explanation: Contacts and networks essential for getting JOBS in urban areas due to the following REASONS :job searchers are furnished with more information about opportunities networks ENSURE a better matching of WORKERS to jobs,  and this translates to higher salaries for job seekers. Using contacts to find jobs MAY make the job seekers feel additional  pressure to perform and subsequently attain higher productivity and salaries.

age.GENDER reassignment.being married or in a civil partnership.being PREGNANT or on maternity leave.disability.race including colour, nationality, ethnic or national origin.religion or belief.sex.DISCRIMINATION can be based on many different characteristics—age, gender, WEIGHT, ethnicity, religion, or even POLITICS. For example, prejudice and discrimination based on race is called racism. ... Prejudice leads people to view certain individuals or groups as inferior..

tion:How does the CENSUS of INDIA define various KINDS of places? How does it organize them in order of SIZE and other characteristics?...its has a properties for tourism ......

It includes TOPOGRAPHY, ALTITUDE and water ,types of soils,security and shelterexamplechatrapathi sivaji built a fort in pratapgad Maharashtra.Mysore king built a temple in hosur NAMED kotai mariamansituationIt REFERS to the settlement made with connection of palaces

Any researcher can classify various PEOPLE into the main categories of working class and dependent class. When selecting a sample, a researcher must have basic KNOWLEDGE of what age boundaries they want for their sample; the respondents in their sample. An example can be : There is standard classification that ages 25 to 50 are classified as people of the working class whereas children and senior citizens tend to come in to dependent CATEGORY, but in the sample it would be ages 10-22 and above 60. These would change depending on country, example: USA is a country where people do part time more than in a country like Pakistan, who are aged 16-23.

When doing a survey ANALYSIS of something, it FIRSTLY depends on what is the topic of research. After that the researcher decides what occupations he/she needs to list as options to choose from. EXPLANATION:For instance, you have GIVEN some categories to choose from LIKE (student, self employed, unemployed, retired, non-employed, senior citizen, etc. )Out of these the best categories or the appropriate ones would be as given in the following, 1- Category 1: Student 2-Category 2: Self employed3-Category 3: Unemployed4-Category 4: Retired 5- Category 5: Employed

india has 74.04% of literacy rate according to the 20|| census. Nepal and Bangladesh COUNTRIES have POOR literacy rate than India.brazil ,SRI LANKA,south Africa, Norway and Chile have more literacy rate than India . only Norway has |00%hundred percentage literacy rate.all the European countries have high literacy rate . INDONESIA has 90.4%.

ANDHRA PRADESH WATER, LAND AND TREE ACT (WALTA)POLICY:An act to promote water conservation and tree COVER and regulate the exploitation and use of groundwater & SURFACE water for protection and conservation of water SOURCES, land and environment and matters connected therewith, or incidental thereto.

A CONSTITUTION is a legislative that is formed in a state or a country in order to maintain rules and REGULATIONS for SMOOTHER running and keeping peace and order for success and growth. Functions: It divides the power between the federal government and the state

Explanation:Human CAPITAL is the stock of  skill and productive knowledge embodied people. Population is transformed into human capital when  there is INVESTMENT  in the form of, training, education and health care. India’s Green Revolution is one  example of how the importance of human capital has become a SIGNIFICANT factor in its SUCCESS. Human capital in India's Information technology revolution has taken precedence over PLANT and machinery.

hiii mateExplanation:a rise in per CAPITA income is due to rise in prices and not increase in physical output . it is not a RELIABLE index of economic development national income rises but it's distribution MAKE rich richer and poor POORER

लोकतंत्र अकादमिक अध्ययन और राजनीतिक सक्रियता का एक क्षेत्र है जो वैश्विक राजनीतिक व्यवस्था को अधिक लोकतांत्रिक बनाने से संबंधित है। यह विषय राजनीतिक दर्शन, अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध (आईआर), अंतर्राष्ट्रीय कानून और समाजशास्त्र सहित स्थापित साहित्य के लिए जांच का एक केंद्रीय क्षेत्र बन गया है। वैश्विक लोकतंत्र विशेष रूप से इस बात से संबंधित है कि अंतरराष्ट्रीय निर्णय लेने को कैसे उचित ठहराया जा सकता है और वैश्विक नियमों, कानूनों और विनियमों के निर्माण में भाग लेने का हकदार कौन होना चाहिए।

r motion if an object move AROUND a fixed point in circular path then it motion is called circular motion.uniform motion if an object move in a circular path with uniform speed it motion is called uniform circular motion. (i) in circular motion direction of motion change constantly velocity change (due to change in direction); there for the motion along a circular path is accelerated. (ii) the force NEEDED to make an object moving in a circular path is called CENTRIPETAL force.(iii) the acceleration PRESENT in circular motion is called centripetal acceleration. (iv) if an object if an object is moving in a circular path of radius R and it take time T to complete ONE round then the velocity of the object. V=2rr/t

The Jadids were Muslim MODERNIST reformers within the Russian Empire in the late 19TH and EARLY 20th century. They NORMALLY referred to themselves by the Turkic terms Taraqqiparvarlar, Ziyalilar, or simply Yäşlär/Yoshlar.

Growing up, i was always very grumpy and did not co-operate with anyone. Little things like people looking at me COULD get me angry. When someone gets to close to me, i would push them AWAY. My mom was no exception. I didn't understand at that time how much my mom had did for me. But growing up, i realized i have been causing endless streams of trouble for my family. It was either accidentally breaking/spoiling something or making my PARENTS angry at me for something. I started to think ' What if my parents abandoned me? There are thousands of children worldwide who do not have parents. I am not one of them' No matter how hard it was to take care of me, my parents never gave up. So i realized that i should not treat them BADLY and have to try and be nice to them all the time. I do not say this to my parents often but i love them deep down in my heart.I love my parents.

In ‘trabeate’ STYLE of ARCHITECTURE the ROOFS, DOORS and windows were constructed by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns whereas the arcuate style has the arches carrying the weight of the superstructure above the doors and windows

The innovations of KERRY Packer, an Australian television tycoon, to make cricket more attractive to television AUDIENCES endured and CHANGED the nature of the GAME.Television coverage changed cricket. It expanded the AUDIENCE for the game by beaming cricket into small towns and villages.Explanation:

the current LAWS about ground water in many states are both outdated and inappropriate.water should be thought of as a collective pool RESOURCES that is ment for all people.water is also a public PROPERTY. regulation is not easy.laws and rules are REQUIRED to recognise that water is common flowing resource.

Ground water regulation generally comes under the AUTHORITY of government, however indeed the case of Hiware Bazar is an event to be reckoned with. Keeping that in MIND, it wouldn't be a bad idea to let the COMMUNITY lead a ground water regulation. In this case, Hiware Bazar started its watershed development program in 1992. The community brought about changes as the VILLAGERS made efforts in building trenches, contours on the hills, etc. This community program is one which has shown success in the past 20 years. Maybe one of the reasons for such success is that, they are the true stakeholders of this program which is why they care too much. Such a caring is what led them to continue to be successful in their strict observation for rules.

tion:Draw a table to describe the major river system in India with ... It MUST be used when and where it occurs. ... PERCOLATION : To move gradually through a surface that has ...2 votesKey words:Flow Resources: A flow RESOURCE does not REMAIN in one location and MOVES because ... More7 votesThe major rivers in India are • Indus• Ganga• Brahmaputra• Godavari• Krishna• NarmadaThe ... More

Now a days, ground WATER has become the main source, especially for DOMESTIC use and agriculture.1) The tremendous increase in the use of ground water has a SIGNIFICANT impact on water availability and access to it.2) Over extraction of water from one tube well often dries up other tube wells around.3) The current laws about the usage of ground water in many states are both out dated and inappropriate.4) The basic link between access to ground water and land ownership on which these rules are based, are flawed.5) Ground water is a COMMON POD resource. It should be made available for future generations.6) There must be some restriction while using the ground water by land owners.

We should focus on GDP and EMPLOYMENT, Employment is very NECESSARY for any people, it is our BASIC NEED because without employment a man cannot fulfill all dream, the other issue we should examine is agriculture because any man cannot LIVE without taking food it is our basic need ,so we should also focus agriculture with GDP and Employment .

He THOUGHT that others KING will have no HEREDITARY. He THINK himself as a god, because of proud.Explanation:

it is USUALLY USED for KILLING and gravung

1.In india ,democrartic type of government is followed.2.we don't find monarchy type of government followed in india.what is democracy?The type of government where the PEOPLE elect their own REPRESENTATIVES from their respective areas.>> in india,people elect their representatives by voting during elections >>the voting/elections takes place every 5 years.>>as per constitution,we follow democrartic rule only.what is MONARCHY?THE RULE OF QUEEN OR KING IS MONARCHY.WHERE DO WE FIND THIS TYPE OF GOVERNMENT IN?UNITED KINGDOMITS RULED BY QUEEN ELIZABETH...IN INDIA WE HAVE VARIOUS DIVERSITIES,MANY CULTURES TOO.>>INDIA IS A SECULAR STATE.>>THE CURRENT PARTY IN INDIA WHICH IS RULING IS THE BJP {BHARATIYA JANTA PARTY}>>the prime minister is narendra modi.>>the home minister is amit shah.>>democrarcy is the BEST way of government,it allows people of their choice be to get elected..they elect them with the confidence that they will rule properly and ensure proper systematic ways ,better roads,basic facilities.

During the colonial PERIOD, cricketing contests were being organized between different colonies of the BRITISH Empire. India played the first Test match in 1932...The sport of cricket has a known history beginning in the late 16th century. Having originated in south-east England, it became the country's national sport in the 18th century and has DEVELOPED globally in the 19th and 20th centuries...

you should DISCUSS it with your TEACHER....

The biggest difference between acting for STAGE versus acting for screen is the location of the audience. In a THEATRE, the stage tends to be far AWAY from the audience. ... Because of the close-up perspective, actors on film must USE more subtle, controlled, and natural expressions and gestures..

To this activity, You should sort some english newspapers . You can also sort newspapers of two / three DAYS before. Then cut out those headings which have some interesting data ,which can be shown to the TEACHER like( Politics news , Flood NEW ) . Paste all these on whatever your teacher TELLS you , if not then in a scrap . Hope it will help you and Mark it as brainlist and FOLLOW me on brainly I will follow you back plz...