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Loader the system program that sets up an executable program in the main memory ready for execution.

It means to execute the first job that is entered first in the queue. It stands for First In First Out algorithm. 1

GUI is used as an interaction between the software and the user.

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.

Operating system.

1. Word processing packages: It is a software package that processes textual matter created to a right to redistribute copies. It is also known as “Try Before You Buy.” For example: wondershare, Kaspersky antivirus etc. organize an error-free document. Some popular word processing packages are Wordstar, MS- Word, Word Perfect, Software etc. 

2. Spreadsheets packages: It is a software package that accepts data in a tabular form i.e., in rows and columns and allows the user to manipulate, calculate, edit and analyze the data in the required manner. Some popular spreadsheet packages are LOTUS 1-2-3, MS-Excel, and Quattro Pro. 

3. Database management software (DBMS) packages: A DBMS package is a software package which manages the different database with home bulk information in the form of data. It can manage, add, delete and modify the database. Examples : FoxPro, FOXBase, Sybase, Dbase IV & MS-Access etc.

System Software: The software which controls the internal operations of the computer and creates an interface with software and hardware is known as system software.

The system software can be divided into two categories :

1. Operating system

2. Language processors

Software represents the set of programs that control the operation of a computer system and utilizes the hardware.

Software is of two types :

1. System Software

2. Application Software.

A bug is a logical error in a program.

Executable files are those files that can directly be executed by the command processor. The files with extension, exe or com are known as executable files.

POST—Power-On Self-Test.

ROM-BIOS stands for Read Only Memory-Basic Input Output System.

some examples of utility programs are :

1. Virus scanners

2. Disk Defragmenters

3. Encryption utilities

4. Backup software

A program that performs a specific task related to the management of computer functions, resources, or files as password protection, memory management, virus protection, and file compression.

Some of the icons available on windows are:

1. Application icons

2. Shortcut icons

3. Documents icons

4. Disk-Drive icons.

Operating System is defined as a collection of programs that coordinates the operations of computer hardware and software. It acts as a bridge or interface between man and machine. Operating system is a system software which is mandatory for all computer systems to operate. It is a general purpose software. Some commonly used operating systems are Windows, BOSS etc.

When files are deleted, they move to Recycle Bin.

Windows Explorer is considered as a file manager in Windows 98.

(a) Fairness

(b) Policy enforcement

(c) Efficiency

(d) Response time

(e) Turnaround time

(f) Throughput

(a) To hide details of hardware by creating abstraction: An abstraction is a software that hides lower level details and provides a set of higher-level functions. 

(b) To allocate resources to processes (manage resources): An operating system controls how processes (the active agents) may access resources (passive entities). 

(c) Provide a pleasant and effective user interface: The user interacts with the operating systems through the user interface and usually interested in the “look and feel” of the operating system.

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is the operating system that guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraint. For example, an operating system might be designed to ensure that a certain object was available for a robot on an assembly line.

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is the operating system that guarantees a certain capability within a specified time constraint. For example, an operating system might be designed to ensure that a certain object was available for a robot on an assembly line.

Sun Solaris also was known as SunOS or Sun it is the name of the Sun company’s Unix variant operating system that was originally installed on SPARC computers. It is sold together with the OPEN LOOK user interface Open Windows. This bundle is known as Solaris.

Operating System is defined as a collection of programs that coordinates the operations of computer hardware and software. It acts as a bridge or interface between man and machine. An operating system is a system software which is mandatory for all computer systems to operate. It is a general purpose software. On the basis of interaction, operating systems are divided into two types : 

1. GUI(Graphical user interface) based. 

2. CUI(Character user interface) based.

As it is clear from the name single-user operating system is designed for one user to effectively use a computer at a time.

For example : Windows 2007, Windows 8 etc.

It is the type of operating system that allows many users to take the advantage of computer’s resources simultaneously.

For example : UNIX, VMS etc.

As it is clear from the name single-user operating system is designed for one user to effectively use a computer at a time.

For example: Windows 2007, Windows 8 etc.

It is the type of operating system that allows many users to take the advantage of computer’s resources simultaneously.

For example : UNIX, VMS etc.

1. The traditional command line shell interface is user-hostile, i.e., designed for the programmer, not the casual user. 

2. Commands often have cryptic names and give very little response to tell the user what they are doing. Much use of special keyboard characters little types has unexpected results. 

3. To use Unix well, you need to understand some of the main design features. Its power comes from knowing how to make commands and programs interact with each other, not just from treating each as a fixed black box.

1. Full multitasking with protected memory. 

2. Available on a wide variety of machines 

3. A rich set of small commands and utilities that do specific tasks well. 

4. Ability to string commands and utilities together in unlimited ways to accomplish more complicated tasks. 

5. Optimized for program development, and thus for the unusual circumstances that are the rule in research. 

6. A powerfully unified file system. Everything in a file: data, programs and all physical devices.

MS-WINDOWS is a GUI (Graphic User Interface), single user multitasking operating system.

Whereas, MS-DOS is a CUI (Command User Interface) single user multi-tasking operating system.

MS-Windows is more user-friendly in comparison to MS-DOS.

With the invention of new hardware devices, an up gradation is required in the system software i.e., operating system. It develops a need for upgraded versions of DOS.

MS-DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System. It is a Command User Interface (CUI), single user multi-tasking operating system.

Internal commands are those that are directly interpreted by the command processor command, com.

Whereas, external commands are those that are interpreted with the help of external files with extensions.com or .exe.